• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.289-296
• /
• 2009

The effects of the processing mixture of pig manure and various organic wastes on the growth, cast production of earthworm, and conversion of organic matter to earthworm tissues by vermicomposting. The substances used in this experiments were sawdust, rice hull, coffee waste, brewery waste, litters, turfgrass cutting residues, rice bran, vegetable wastes and rice straw and were mixed with pig manure at a ratios of 50:50 (v/v), and pig manure 100% (control), respectively. The highest values of growth parameters, cast production and conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm tissues were obtained at the mixtures of pig manure with coffee waste, it may due to the favourable diet conditions to process with pig manure by vermicomposting. But, all of the earthworm died in the pig manure 100% (control) and pig manure with vegetable wastes treatments by vermicomposting was impossible in this experiment. The vermicast contained a higher values of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity than their parent materials with increased availability of nutrients and improved physicochemical properties.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2009

바이오매스를 바이오오일로 전환시기키 위하여 오거형의 반응조를 설계, 제작하여 실험하였다. 10.2L의 반응조는 $550^{\circ}C$를 유지하며 Batch식으로 운영하였다. 돈분뇨 혼합물, 돈분 왕겨혼합물, 돈분 톱밥혼합물 등 세 가지 혼합물을 대상으로 주(主) 구성성분인 헤미셀루로즈, 리그닌, 셀루로즈, 단백질, 지질(脂質)등을 화학적으로 분석하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 전섬유소 (holocellulose = hemicellulose + cellulose), 리그닌(lignin)의 함유량이 클수록 바이오오일 생산량은 많았으나, 회분(ash)함량은 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 바이오매스기질을 평가하였으며, 돈분과 왕겨의 상관성은 거의 나타나지 않았으나 돈분과 톱밥의 상관성은 매우 높게 나타났다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.623-633
• /
• 2017

Food waste has been recognized as a organic sources for composting and many research was conducted to efficiently utilize or treat. This study was to evaluate a feasibility for producing food waste compost under co-composting with mixture of food and animal waste. The mixing ratio of food and animal waste was 35% as main material, which additionally mixed 30% of sawdust for co-composting. Total days of composting experiment were 84 days and each sub samples were collected at every 7 days from starting of composting. Results showed that inner temperature in composting was rapidly increased to $70{\pm}4^{\circ}C$ within 3~5 days depending on mixing animal waste of cattle, pig, and chicken base compared to sole food waste base. Expecially, the CN ratio in the mixture of food and pig water was the highest (16.2) among compost. After finishing composting experiment, maturity was evaluated with solvita and germination test. Maturity index (MI) of the mixture of food and animal waste was ranged between 6~7, but was 3 in sole food waste. Calculated germination index (GI) was at the range of about 100 irrespectively of mixing of food and animal waste. However, NaCl content and heavy metal as Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents was increased in the mixture of food and animal waste. which was the highest in compost mixed the food and pig waste. Both MI and GI showed that manufactured fertilizer was suitable for fertilizer criteria while sole food waste was not adequate for composting due to composting periods. Overall, mixing the food and animal waste can be utilized for improving compost maturity, but more research should be conducted to make high quality of food waste compost with animal waste in agricultural fields.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.277-284
• /
• 2015

Experiments for highly concentrated contaminants in pig waste slurry were carried out for the feasibility test of a pilot-scale innovative process scheme of engaging autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) and expended granular sludge bed (EGSB) followed by sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. Contaminants in pig waste slurry such as organic substance, total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus (TP) contents were successfully reduced in the system. Total volatile solids (TVS) and chemical oxygen demands (COD) for organic matter in the feed were 32.92 g/L and 42.55 g/L respectively, and they were reduced by about 98.7% and 99.2%, respectively in the system. The overall removal efficiencies for TN and ammonium nitrogen were found to be 98.1 and 98.5%, respectively. The overall removal efficiency for total phosphorus was also found to be 92.5%. Faecal coliform density was reduced to <$1.2{\times}10^4CFU/g$ total solids. Biogas and $CH_4$ were produced in the range of 0.39-0.85 and $0.25-0.62m^3/kg$ [VS removed], respectively. The biogas produced in the system comprised of $295{\pm}26ppm$ (v/v) [$H_2S$].

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2012

Objectives: Bioaerosols released by treating organic-waste resources cause a variety of environmental and hygiene problems. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution characteristics of the airborne bacteria emitted from a pig manure composting plant, a principal site for organic-waste resource facilities. Methods: Three types of pig manure composting plant were selected based on fermentation mode: screw type, rotary type and natural-dry type. Each site was visited and investigated on a monthly basis between September 2009 and August 2010. A total of 36 air samplings were obtained from the pig manure composting plants. The air sampling equipment was a six-stage cascade impactor. Quantification and qualification of airborne bacteria in the air samples was performed by agar culture method and identification technique, respectively. Results: The mean concentrations of airborne bacteria in pig manure composting plant were 7,032 (${\pm}1,496$) CFU $m^{-3}$ for screw type, 3,309 (${\pm}1,320$) CFU $m^{-3}$ for rotary type, and 5,580 (${\pm}1,106$) CFU $m^{-3}$ for natural dry type. The screw type pig manure composting plant showed the highest concentration of airborne bacteria, followed by the natural dry type and the rotary type. The ratio of respirable to total airborne bacteria was approximately 40-60%. The predominant genera of airborne bacteria identified were Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia spp. Conclusion: Monthly levels of airborne bacteria were highest in August and lowest in November regardless of fermentation mode. There was no significant correlation relationship between airborne bacteria and environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity and particulate matters in pig manure composting plants.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.788-793
• /
• 2011

To evaluate fertilizer value of animal cadavers for agricultural recycling, fertilizer components of animal cadavers by pig and poultry were investigated using rendering and alkali (KOH) treatment methods. Total nitrogen concentrations in meat waste by pig and poultry using rendering treatment method were 7.80% and 9.30%, respectively. Total nitrogen concentration in meat waste of pig by KOH treatment method was lower than that by rendering treatment method. Organic matter concentrations in meat waste of pig and poultry ranged 87.8~97.4%. Total phosphorus concentrations in bone waste of pig using rendering and KOH treatment methods ranged 5.59~11.18%. Animal cadavers contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients essential to plant growth. The results of this study suggest that animal cadavers can supply some of the nutrient requirements of crops and is a valuable fertilizer as well.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.294-303
• /
• 2018

In this study, eco-friendly natural dyeing for pig leather was explored by using onion skin which is food waste. Sodium caseinate was used as a pre-treatment agent to improve dyeability of pig leather and its effect on dye uptake was investigated according to treatment concentration. Dye uptake of the pre-treated pig leather was increased by about two times compared to untreated one at 0.2% pre-treatment concentration. Onion skin colorant imparted YR color on pig leather. After mordanting, the color of pretreated/dyed pig leather was varied from brick-red to khaki shades. However, mordanting did not improved dye uptake of the pre-treated/dyed pig leather significantly. The color-fastnesses of un-mordanted samples to light, dry cleaning, rubbing were grades 3-4, 5, and 4, respectively, which is good enough to meet all Korean Standard for Fastness of leather products. After mordanting, the light fastness of pig leather was improved to 4, 4-5 grade. The efficacy of sodium caseinate as a pre-treatment agent for pig leather was verified by improved dye uptake and good colorfastness. And, the natural dyeing of pig leather using food waste would be a significant sustainable way in terms of eco-friendliness and reuse of biomass to reduce environmental pollution.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.104-111
• /
• 2011

In order to assess the performance of co-digester using pig slurry and food waste at the farm scale biogas production facility, the anaerobic facility that adopts the one-stage CSTR of 5 $m^3\;day^{-1}$ input scale was designed and installed under the conditions of the OLR of 2.33 kg $m^3\;day^{-1}$ and HRT of 30 days in an pig farmhouse. Several operation parameters were monitored for assessment of the process performance. The anaerobic facility was operated in three stages to compare the performance of the anaerobic co-digester. In the Stage I, that was fed with a mix of pig slurry to food waste ratio of 7:3 in the input volume, where input TS content was 4.7 (${\pm}0.8$) %, and OLR was 0.837-1.668 kg-VS $m^3\;day^{-1}$. An average biogas yield observed was 252 $Nm^3\;day^{-1}$ with methane content 67.9%. This facility was capable of producing an electricity of 626 kWh $day^{-1}$ and a heat recovery of 689 Mcal day-1. In Stage II, that was fed with a mixture of pig slurry and food waste at the ratio of 6:4 in the input volume, where input TS content was 6.9 (${\pm}1.9$) %, and OLR was 1.220-3.524 kg-VS $m^3\;day^{-1}$. The TS content of digestate was increased to 3.0 (${\pm}0.3$) %. In Stage III, that was fed with only pig slurry, input TS content was 3.6 (${\pm}2.0$) %, and OLR was 0.182-2.187 kg-VS $m^3\;day^{-1}$. In stage III, TS and volatile solid contents in the input pig slurry were highly variable, and input VFAs and alkalinity values that affect the performance of anaerobic digester were also more variable and sensitive to the variation of input organic loading during the digester operation. The biogas produced in the stage III, ranged from 11.3 to 170.0 $m^3\;day^{-1}$, which was lower than 222.5-330.2 $m^3\;day^{-1}$ produced in the stage II.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 1988

This study is an experimental research on the anaerobic digestion of pig manure and night soil mixed waste at room temperature (25$\circ$C), and the results are shown below: 1. The steady-state condition based on gas production as digestion temperature dropped to 25$\circ$C from 35$\circ$C was achieved at around 28, 47, 56, 64 days respectively when its hydraulic retention time(HRT) are 10, 20, 30, 40 days. 2, Alkalinity and volatile acid(VA) was increased as increasing the organic loading. 3. Removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand(COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was improved as longer HRT, and generally COD value is lower and BOD value is higher relatively. 4. Overall treatment efficiencies of mixed waste are higher than of pig manure and of night soft. 5. Organic removal efficiency at room temperature (25$\circ$C) is 20-25% lower at medium temperature (35$\circ$C) in a same VS loading condition. 6. Refractory fraction of the infiuent VS and organic removal rate constant(K) estimated at around 37% and 0.107/day respectively.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.197-205
• /
• 2010

돈분 슬러리를 이용한 혐기성 소화과정에서 유기물 농도 및 식종슬러지의 식종비율, 소화조의 혼합강도 등의 최적 실험조건을 도출하고, 돼지의 성장에 따른 사료 급여 특성과 분뇨의 성상이 바이오가스 발생에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 식종슬러지 비율 50%와 TS 농도 1% 수준에서 메탄함량은 45%이었고, 유기물 함량이 3~7 %로 증가할수록 메탄가스 함량도 증가되었다. 반응조의 혼합강도에 따른 총 누적가스 발생량은 식종슬러지의 식종비율에 따른 영향은 관찰되지 않았고, TS 농도 3%와 5%에서 혼합강도를 증가시켰을 때(80 $\rightarrow$ 160 rpm) 바이오가스 발생량도 증가되었다. 돈분폐수의 혐기소화 실험시 바이오가스를 회수하고자 하는 최적의 운전 조건은 투입되는 TS 농도 3~5% 정도의 유기물 농도와 50% 수준의 식종슬러지의 식종비율 그리고 반응조의 적절한 교반강도(120 rpm) 따라 결정될 수 있다. 돈분뇨 종류에 따른 가스발생량은 분만돈 분뇨의 바이오 가스 발생량이 높았고, gas 발생의 peak(20일)도 짧게 나타나 분해율이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 돼지의 사육 및 소비 형태에 따라 돼지의 사육 환경이 변화되며, 투입되는 사료의 급여 특성도 달라져 바이오가스 발생 특성도 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.