• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2010

Mammalian reproduction is regulated by a feedback circuit of the key reproductive hormones such as GnRH, gonadotropin and sex steroids on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In particular, the onset of female puberty is triggered by gain of a pulsatile pattern and increment of GnRH secretion from hypothalamus. Previous studies including our own clearly demonstrated that genistein (GS), a phytoestrogenic isoflavone, altered the timing of puberty onset in female rats. However, the brain-specific actions of GS in female rats has not been explored yet. The present study was performed to examine the changes in the activities of GnRH neurons and their neural circuits by GS in female rats. Concerning the drug delivery route, intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection technique was employed to eliminate the unwanted actions on the extrabrain tissues which can be occurred if the testing drug is systemically administered. Adult female rats (PND 100, 210-230 g BW) were anaesthetized, treated with single dose of GS ($3.4{\mu}g$/animal), and sacrificed at 3 hrs post-injection. To determine the transcriptional changes of reproductive hormone-related genes in hypothalamus, total RNAs were extracted and applied to the semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ICV infusion of GS significantly raised the transcriptional activities of enhanced at puberty1 (EAP-1, p<0.05), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67, p<0.01) which are known to modulate GnRH secretion in the hypothalamus. However, GS infusion could not change the mRNA level of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS-2). GS administration significantly increased the mRNA levels of KiSS-1 (p<0.001), GPR54 (p<0.001), and GnRH (p<0.01) in the hypothalami, but decreased the mRNA levels of LH-$\beta$ (p<0.01) and FSH-$\beta$ (p<0.05) in the pituitaries. Taken together, the present study indicated that the acute exposure to GS could directly activate the hypothalamic GnRH modulating system, suggesting the GS's disrupting effects such as the early onset of puberty in immature female rats might be derived from premature activation of key reproduction related genes in hypothalamus-pituitary neuroendocrine circuit.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2004

홍화(Carthamus tincforiu L.)는 한방에서 어혈, 통경 및 고지혈증 치료제로서 그리고 홍화씨는 진정 및 보혈 등의 약용 소재로 이미 널리 이용되고 있으며, 화장품 원료로서 홍화추출물과 홍화씨유가 사용되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 홍화씨 유박(oil cake)으로부터 식물성유사여성호르몬(phytoestrogen) 거동의 세로토닌(serotonin)유도체를 함유한 정제분말을 제조하여 화장품 원료로서리 적용 가능성을 실험하였다. 홍화씨추출물을 식물성유사여성호르몬으로 알려진 레즈베라트롤(resyeratrol)과 제니스테인(genistein) 및 기능성 주름개선제로 알려진 레티놀(retinol)과 우르소릭애씨드(ursolic acid)와 함께 항주름 효과와 관련한 항산화 효과, 엘라스타제 활성저해 효과, 섬유아세포 활성촉진 효과 및 콜라겐 생성촉진 효과에 대하여 비교 실험하였다. 실험 결과, 세로토닌유도체를 함유한 홍화씨추출물은 피부에 자극없이 항산화 효과, 엘라스타제 활성저해 효과, 섬유아세포로 활성촉진 효과 및 콜라겐 생성촉진 효과가 우수하여 주름개선용 기능성 화장품 원료로 기대되고 있다. 피부의 주름을 개선할 수 있는 가능성있는 원료로 기대되었다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2000년도 제17차 정기총회 및 학술발표
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• pp.97-99
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• 2000

Considerable beneficial effects on osteoporosis from soy intake in postmenopausal women are being reported (Murkies et al.1998, Arjmandi et al. 1996). Isoflavones(IF), one of phytoestrogenic substances in the soybean, have been suggested for the effect. Our preliminary study showed that even the young chicks fed IF-rich diet tended to have higher bone ash content than those fed IF-poor diet. IF have been reported to decrease bone ash content than those fed IF-poor diet, IF have been reported to decrease bone loss by reducing bone resorption. Soybean meal has been one of the most important protein sources in poultry diets. We assume that the IF intake through dietary soybean meal could give meaningful influences on the birds. This study was carried out to determine effects of dietary IF from soybean sources on bone development in young chicks. Soy protein concentrate (SPC, IF-poor)and an IF concentrate(Phyto-Nutramin) were formulated together with purified-type ingredients to provide three different levels(25, 240 and 480 mg/kg) of total IF. Control diet(240 mg/kg) was prepared with isolated soyprotein(ISP, IF-rich). The diets were fed to 96, 3-day old, layer-type, male chicks, divided into 4 treatments with 3 replications for 3 weeks. Chicks fed the ISP diet had better gain/feed ratios than fed the SPC diets. Birds fed the diets with higher levels of IF tended to show higher values in serum total and ionized Ca% and tibial bone density, length % ash, stiffness and strain. This trend however, appeared less significant at the end of third week. No noticeable differences in sizes of comb and testicle and serum alkaline phosphatase activities were observed among the dietary groups. These results suggest that dietary isoflavones from soybean sources could be associated with chemical composition and physical properties of bone in sizes of comb and testicle and serum alkaline phosphatase activities were observed among the dietary groups. These results suggest that dietary isoflavones from soybean sources could be associated with chemical composition and physical properties of bone in young chicks.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2018

This review discusses the characteristics of major lignans and related studies and provides a basis for future studies. Lignans are present in various food products consumed daily, such as flaxseed and other seeds, vegetables, fruits, and beverages including coffee, tea, and wine. Lignans are natural phytoestrogens with a structure similar to that of secoisolariciresinol (Seco), mataireinol (Mat), pinoresinol (Pin), medioresinol (Med), lariciresinol (Lari), and syringaresinol, which is then converted to enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL), which are mammalian lignans and the primary biologically active enterolignans, by the intestinal microflora. The associations between lignans and a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease are promising; however, they are not yet well-established, probably owing to low lignan intake in habitual Western diets. Nonetheless, these associations were more prominent at the higher doses in interventional studies. Many studies on humans and animals have reported the benefits of lignan consumption in protecting against CVD and metabolic syndrome by reducing lipid and glucose concentrations. END and ENL reportedly exert protective effects including phytoestrogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects through various mechanisms. Moreover, lignans reportedly exert beneficial effects in breast, colon, and prostate cancer and osteoporosis have reported that. However, future studies are required to confirm the association between lignan and disease.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2021

Objective: Studies of the effects of estrogens on the male reproductive system have emphasized the role of these hormones in male fertility. Sesame oil has many phytoestrogenic compounds and may improve male fertility. This study investigated the effects of sesame oil and different concentrations of estrogen on sperm parameters and DNA integrity in male mice. Methods: Twenty old NMRI (The Naval Medical Research Institute) male mice (40 weeks; weight, 30-35 g) were treated with sesame oil or different concentrations of estrogen (estradiol, 1 and 10 μL/kg/day) or received no treatment (controls). After 35 days, sperm parameters and DNA integrity were assessed and analyzed. Results: Sperm count, progressive motility, and morphology were decreased in the group that received 10 μL/kg of estradiol. A remarkably lower percentage of DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency were detected in the group that received 1 μL/kg of estradiol. In the groups that received sesame oil and 1 μL/kg of estradiol, the numbers of spermatogonia and Leydig cells were higher than in controls. The combination of sesame oil and 1 μL/kg of estradiol led to improved sperm parameters and chromatin and testicular structure. Conclusion: Based on this study, consumption of sesame oil and a low concentration of estradiol may improve testicular function in older mice.