• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.249-255
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• 1997

파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua(Hubner))은 아치사온도($5^{\circ}C$, 2시간)에 노출된 뒤에는 빙점이하의 저온에서 내한성이 증가하였으며 내한성 및 내한성유기는 집단별로 차이가 났다. 파밤나방의 내한성에 관한 생리현상을 분석하기 위해서 내한성이 다른 집단들의 내한성유기, 체내글리세롤 함량, 혈림프의 몰 삼투압 농도, 체내빙결점, 저온유기단백질을 분석하였다. 처리된 5령충은 혈림프의 삼트압 및 체내글리세롤 함량의 뚜렷한 증가를 보였다. 이들 상승효과는 서로 다른 집단간 차이를 보였다. 아치사온도에서 유기되는 저온유기단백질은 10~20 kD에서 특이적으로 발현되었으며 체내빙결점의 변화는 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.46-57
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• 1992

This study was carried out to compare physiological characteristics of winter green cultivar (Buxus microphylla van. koreana 'Hanlim') with those of native cultuvar and clucidate the effect of environmental factors such as light intensity, time of shading, and nutrients etc. on leaf color in Korean boxwood(Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai). The results are summarized as followed; The 'Hanlim' cultivar had higher contents of chlorophyll as compared with native cultivar from September, 1989 to March, 1990. However, at April, 1990, native cultivar had higher chlorophyll contents. In the rate of photosynthesis, 'Hanlim' cultivar was higher than native cultivar from September to December, 1989, but showed the opposite trend from March to April, 1990. As to the period of browning, 'Hanlim'cultivar had stayed green even after November 22, 1989, while the foliage of native cultivar turned yellowish brown color through the winter. The contents of nitrogen and potassium of 'Hanlim' cultivar werehigher than those of the native cultivar. However native cultivar had higher rate of phosphorus, magnessium, and calcium. In the effect of environmental factors such as light intensity, time of shading, and nutrients etc. on leaf color in Korean boxwood(Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai), chlorophyll contents were increased with shading and leaves grown 70% shading had twice as much as those of full sunlight, fertilized plot. Nutrient fertilization increased chlorophyll contents and values of color in boxwood too. In the shading times, early shading time maintained effectively green color of boxwood in winter. Therefore, in case of native cultivars, it has planted at full sunlight area until now and color of leaves turned yellowish brown color through the witner. However, it will maintain green color of leaves by planting at shade area. In addition to, as 'Hanlim' cultivar had benefits of maintain green color of leaves during winter, it will be planted at full sunlight area to landscape plants.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1105-1111
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• 2005

In order to investigate the meanings and bases of transforming theories of diseases(病傳論), several relevant theories were collected from medical books since . The outside-to-inside changing process(pyoree jeon) was the fundamental pattern in febrile diseases regardless of slang han and wen bing after Han dynasty. But in case of numb disease the three exogenous pathogenic factors of wind, cold and dampness got into each viscera through five tissues like skin, vessesl, flesh, tendons, bones respectively. It was called corresponding changing process(sanghap jeon) here. The pathogenic changing process(byungsa jeon) had complicated details to explain pathologic processes, but could give useful informations on evaluating relative strength of pathogens and tendency ahead. The changing process of diseases of internal injuries were explained in case of emotional distress which is outbroken abruptly didn't follow regular order of viscera-emotion relations. So it was named random changing process(bulcha jeon) after 's usage. And marasmus and asthenic disease followed top-to-down or down-to-top changing process(sangha jeon) based on . There are many types of changing process of diseases between viscera and viscera or viscera and bowels like generation changing process, restriction changing process, changing process between couple, changing process of mutual transmission based on attributions of each element by the theory of 5 phases(五行論). And changing process to a neighbor doesn't have any special relations within two organs but has anatomical contiguity and physiological continuity between them. The transforming theories of diseases bring forth useful understanding on comings and goings of pathogenic factors and tendency and prognosis of disease, so they are needed to be taught in the course of pathology class.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.498-502
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• 2015

Yukmijihwang-tang (YM) is a well-known prescription to treat kidney inflammation on Korea. However, the effects of YM on maximal exercise performance (MEP) is not-well investigated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of YM on MEP using forced swimming test (FST) model. Mice were largely divided into three group; a non-swimming group, saline treated-swimming load test group, and YM treated-swimming load group. Swimming load test groups were re-divided into swimming control group (Control), YM fed group (YM). YM was administrated orally for 2 weeks before FST. After FST, immobility time, oxygen consumption was measured by physiological test, and serum was collected for biochemical analysis. FST induced MEP identified by increased immobility, oxygen consumption, and biochemical factors. Immobility time was significantly reduced by YM treatment compared with control group. Oxygen consumption was also significantly reduced by YM treatment. The increase on lactic acid and lactate dehydrogenase after FST was inhibited by YM　treatment. In addition, consumption of energy source (free fatty acid, and triglyceride) and recovery of energy was enhanced by YM treatment after FST. In conclusion, YM inhibited the elevation of immobility time, oxygen consumption, and biochemical factors after FST. YM could be used as a beneficial agents to enhance maximal endurance exercise performance and an effective ergogenic aid in exercise training.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.627-641
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• 2020

Intensive farming methods that do not guarantee animal welfare can induce stress in pigs. Stress, in turn, can reduce their disease resistance and influence their hormones and metabolites in such a manner that productivity is negatively affected. This study was conducted to compare the stress related factors and blood characteristics of pigs raised on conventional farms and those raised on animal welfare farms. We measured the levels of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine, biochemical parameters in blood and glycogen, L-lactate and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in muscle, as physiological markers of indicating the stress in conventional farm pigs (Control, n=10) and animal welfare farm pigs (Welfare, n=10). We found that there was a significant difference in the albumin-globulin ratio (A/G ratio), as well as the albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels between the two farms. Epinephrine was significantly higher in conventional farm, while level of norepinephrine was higher in animal welfare farm. There was no significant difference in cortisol, which is known as a stress hormone, across the two groups of farms. Muscular glycogen content was significantly high in animal welfare farm pigs. While L-lactate tended to be low in the animal welfare farm pigs, the difference between them and the conventional farm cohorts was not significant. HSP70 showed high levels of expression in conventional farm. Thus, we suggested that blood parameter results showed a stress response in the livers of conventional farm, and that catecholamine hormones, glycogen, L-lactate and HSP70 can be used as physiological factors of assessing animal welfare.

• Journal of Breast Cancer
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2018

Purpose: The recent trend in breast cancer treatment is to minimize axillary dissection. However, no pattern of axillary metastasis has been precisely established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the metastatic lymphatic pattern using near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) in breast cancer with cytologically proven axillary metastasis. Methods: This was a prospective single-center study. We evaluated 147 patients with breast cancer involving cytologically proven axillary metastasis, and compared physiological and nonphysiological lymphatic metastasis. Results: We performed lymphatic mapping for 64 patients who exhibited level II lymphatic flow on near-infrared fluorescence imaging with ICG, and found that all had axillary metastasis: 51 patients who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and 13 patients post-NAC. Of patients who did not receive NAC, 32 had physiological lymphatic metastasis and 19 had nonphysiological lymphatic metastasis. The risk factors for nonphysiological lymphatic metastasis were age ${\geq}55$ years, high Ki-67 index (>20%), and perinodal extension in both univariate and multivariate analysis (p<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with identified risk factors in cytologically-proven axillary metastasis who did not receive NAC may have nonphysiological lymphatic metastasis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

This review describes the risk factors of the nutrition crisis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections and suggests precision nutrition against long-term psychological and physiological stress. The mandatory quarantine and the social distancing are associated with an interruption of the lifestyle routine, resulting in psychological (i.e., boredom) and physiological stress. The stress with multiple causes and forms induces over-compensation of energy-dense food, such as sugary comfort food, and is defined as "food craving" because carbohydrates positively affect the psychological stability with serotonin secretion. The consumption of foods that promote an immune response against viral infections (vitamins & minerals; Cu, folate, Fe, Se, Zn, and Vit A, B6, B12, C, and D), reduce inflammatory cytokines (w-3 fatty acids, Vit D, fibers, and Mg), contain antioxidants (beta-carotene, Vit E, C, Se, and phenolics), and sleep-inducing proteins (serotonin, melatonin, and milk products) is essential. In addition, a reduced Vit D deficiency in winter due to less time spent outdoors under quarantine has been reported to be associated with viral infections. The case fatality rate of COVID-19 was significantly dependent on age, sex, race, and underlying health condition. To prevent malnutrition and cachexia in elderly people, weight loss and muscle wasting should be monitored and controlled. Inadequate protein intake, sedentary lifestyle, and inflammation are significant risk factors for sarcopenia. Moreover, relatively high intakes of fat or carbohydrate compared to low protein intake result in abdominal obesity, which is defined as "sarcopenic obesity." Keeping the food-safety guidelines of COVID-19, this study recommends the consumption of fresh and healthy foods and avoiding sugar, fat, salt, alcohol, and commercially frozen foods.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2021

본 연구는 사이버범죄를 유발하는 개인의 심리적인 요인이 무엇인지 찾고자 하였다. 설문은 해킹 등 사이버 범죄유형 11가지에 대해 전·현직 수사관과 보안전문가를 대상으로 실시하였으며, 범죄를 유발하는 내부요인을 16가지로 선정하고 매슬로우 욕구 5단계에 따라 분류하였다. 총176개 항목에 대한 설문 조사결과 신뢰성을 나타내는 크롬바 알파 계수가 0.925로 신뢰성이 있었으며, 요인분석 결과 매슬로우 1단계 생리욕구는 상업성, 사익추구로, 2단계 안전욕구는 처벌인지부족과 군중심리로, 3단계 사회욕구는 충동성, 무관심, 사회성결여, 사회적마찰, 분노표시, 과대망상으로, 4단계 존경욕구는 익명성, 명예욕이며, 5단계 자아실현 욕구는 비인격성, 절제력부족, 도덕성결여, 매스컴영향으로 축소되었다. 결론적으로 사이버범죄를 유발하는 내부요인으로 「정보통신망 침해범죄」는 생리욕구, 존경욕구 순이며, 「정보통신망 이용범죄」는 생리욕구, 자아실현욕구순이며, 「불법콘텐츠범죄」는 자아실현욕구, 사회욕구 순이었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2007

Demand for low-input sustainable crop cultivation is increasing to meet the need for environment-friendly agriculture. Consequently, developing genotypes with high nutrient use efficiency is one of the major objectives of crop breeding programs. This study was conducted to identify QTLs for traits associated with physiological nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). A recombinant inbred population (DT-RILs) between Dasanbyeo (a tongil type rice, derived from an indica ${\times}$ japonica cross and similar to indica in its genetic make-up) and TR22183 (a Chinese japonica variety) consisting of 166 $F_8$ lines was developed and used for mapping. A frame map of 1,409 cM containing 113 SSR and 103 STS markers with an average interval of 6.5 cM between adjacent marker loci was constructed using the DT-RILs. The RILs were cultivated in ordinary-N ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=100-80-80kg/ha$) and low-N ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=50-80-80kg/ha$) (100 kg/ha) conditions. PNUE was positively correlated with the harvest index and grain yield in both conditions. Twenty single QTLs (S-QTLs) and 58 pairs of epistatic loci (E-QTLs) were identified for the nitrogen concentration of grain, nitrogen concentration of straw, nitrogen content of shoot, harvest index, grain yield, straw yield and PNUE in both conditions. The phenotypic variance explained by these S-QTLs and E-QTLs ranged from 11.1 to 44.3% and from 16.0% to 63.6%, respectively. The total phenotypic variance explained by all the QTLs for each trait ranged from 35.8% to 71.3%, showing that the expression of PNUE and related characters depends signify- cantly upon genetic factors. Both S-QTLs and E-QTLs may be useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) to develop higher PNUE genotypes.

• 환경생물
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2000

$Cd^2+$이 닭의장풀의 엽록소 함유량, 기공 크기, 수분퍼텐셜, 이온 수송에 대한 효과와 기관내의 카드뮴의 축적에 대하여 조사하였다. 3주간 성장한 닭의장풀을 Hoagland용액(${\pm}5mM Cd^2+$)에서 4일 동안 수경배양하였다. 카드뮴은 식물의 뿌리, 줄기 그리고 잎 등 모든 기관에 축적되었다. 뿌리로부터의 거리와 잎의 나이 등이 카드뮴 분포를 결정짓는 가장 중요한 요소였다. 대부분의 $Cd^2+$이 뿌리로부터 가장 인접한 성숙한 첫 번째 잎에 축적되었다. 잎에 $Cd^2+$의 축적은 여러 생리적인 대사의 활성에 감소를 가져왔다. 카드뮴 처리는 70%의 엽록소 함량 감소를 가져왔으며, 엽록소 a/b비도 2로 감소하였다. $Cd^2+$은 또한 20%의 수분퍼텐셜을 감소시켰다. 카드뮴 처리는 여러 광도(100-l,000$\mu$mol $Em^-2s^-1$)에서 광합성 활성을 약 60% 감소시켰으며 기공전도도도 비슷한 반응을 보였다. 따라서, $Cd^2+$이 닭의장풀의 전반적인 생리적 활성을 감소시키거나 차단하는 것으로 추측된다.