• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.359-368
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• 2004

The Physicochemical, sensory and cooking properties of functionally fortified rice with dietary fiber and chitosan were compared with regular rice when the rices were cooked with pressure and electric cookers. Moisture content of functional rice before cooking was 11.11%, which was lower than 13.72% in regular rice. Accordingly, moisture contents of functional rice samples cooked both with pressure and electric cookers were lower than those of regular rice. L value showing the degree of lightness of cooked rice was significantly higher in rice samples cooked with pressure cookers. The ${\alpha}$ value, the degree of redness and the b value, the degree of yellowness, were the highest in the functional rice cooked with an electric rice cookers. Textural measurement of hardness using a rheometer showed the highest value in functional rice cooked with a pressure cooker. The degree of gelatinization measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) before cooking showed higher onset gelatinization temperature ($T_0$) and peak gelatinization temperature ($T_p$) in functional rice compared with those in regular rice. The gelatinization enthalpy (${\Delta}H$) of functional rice was lower than that of regular rice, showing that functional foe had lower gelatinization energy compared with regular rice. When the samples were stored in a refrigerator for one week, the DSC showed faster retrogradation degrees in samples cooked with electric rice cooker, having significantly higher enthalpies of regular and functional rice cooked with electric cooked compared to those cooked with pressure cookers. The functional rice samples cooked with pressure cooker had higher consumer acceptance test values compared to those cooked with electric cookers.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.523-530
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• 2016

This study investigates the effect of bovine heart surimi-like material (BHSM) used as a back fat replacer, on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of frankfurter-type sausages. Frankfurter-type sausage with added BHSM had a higher moisture content and lower fat content than the control. In addition, the samples with added BHSM had higher pH, cooking loss and 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) value and lower water exudation than the control. The sausage formulation with 40% BHSM was more effective in delaying lipid oxidation without affecting cooking loss compared to the 60% BHSM treatment sample. Results showed that hardness values increased upon replacement with BHSM, and sausages manufactured with 40% BHSM had higher lightness and lower redness values. Panelists found there were no differences in color, odor, and tenderness scores and the overall acceptability score found that treatment samples containing 20% and 40% BHSM were preferable to the control after storage for 14 d. These results indicate that fat replacement with BHSM was beneficial to the quality of frankfurter-type sausages, and acceptable reduced-fat products can be produced when back fat is replaced with up to 40% BHSM.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.457-464
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• 2006

To improve the functional properties of Gochujang, different amount of skipjack cooking broth (l%, 3%, 5%) were added and their physicochemical properties were examined during storage. During fermentation of Gochujang, pH value decreased and titratable acidity increased, regardless of the amount of skipjack cooking broth. Content of amino-nitrogen increased rapidly at 30 day of fermentation from 171.59 mg% for the control to 191.10 mg% for 5% skipjack cooking broth, and then slightly decreased. It increased with the increase of the amount of skipjack cooking broth. Content of reducing sugar had the highest value at 30 day of fermentation, and then slightly decreased During fermentation, $\beta-amylase$ activity showed the highest value at 30 day of fermentation, and then slightly decreased. Free amino acid content increased with the increase of skipjack cooking broth amount Hunter L a, and b values gradually decreased during fermentation of Gochujang. Based on sensory evaluation of Gochujang after 90 days, Gochujang with the addition of skipjack cooking broth was better than the control in terms of taste, color, flavor, and overall.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.451-458
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• 2013

The physicochemical properties and cooking qualities of four rice varieties (Goami, Giant-embryonic rice, Baegjinju, Aranghyangchal) which grown under ecofriendly farming as development of material for chronic disease tailored instant rice and porridge, respectively, were investigated. The contents of crude protein, crude lipid and crude fiber were the highest in Goami. The water absorption rate of Aranghyangchal at $85^{\circ}C$ was higher than other rice. However on rice flour, the water absorption rate and solubility of all functional rices at $85^{\circ}C$ were higher than control (brown rice flour). In addition viscosity of all functional rices at $100^{\circ}C$ were higher than control (brown rice flour). In spite of brown rice, Aranhyangchal showed no significant differences about hardness of Ilpum (white rice). The sensory evaluation was shown that Aranghyangchal was the highest in glossiness, flavor, roasted nutty taste, cohesiveness and overall preference. Although Giant-embryonic rice and Baegjinju were brown rice, overall preference was higher than Ilpum (white rice). These study results were showed that the functional rices could be good to make instant rice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.1364-1373
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum sodium concentration (0~8%), soaking time (4~20 min) and storage time (0~60 day) for preparation of persimmon jangachi with kochujang sauce using response surface methodology. Physicochemical properties (salinity, pH, Hunter's color value, cutting force, and sensory evaluation) of persimmon kochujang jangachi were analyzed during storage at $20^{\circ}C$ for 60 days. When the proximate composition of persimmon was analyzed, moisture content, crude protein content, crude lipid content, and crude ash content were 85.41%, 0.51%, 0.22%, and 0.20%, respectively. For persimmon kochujang jangachi manufactured with different sodium concentrations, soaking times, and storage times, salinity, pH, Hunter's color value of L, a, and b, color, flavor, taste, texture, and overall preference were represented by a quadratic model. Cutting force was represented by a linear model pattern. In conclusion, the optimal formulation for persimmon kochujang jangachi, as assessed by numerical and graphical optimization methods, was a sodium concentration of 6.91%, soaking time of 11.36 minutes, and storage time of 25.18 days.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.265-273
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of addition of green tea extracts on physicochemical properties and shelf-life of seasoned chicken with soy sauce during cold storage. Treatments (C, T1 and T2) containing various levels (0, 1 and 2%, respectively) of green tea extracts were manufactured, and we investigated pH, meat color ($L^*,a^*,b^*$), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total plate counts, fatty acid composition and sensory scores during cold storage for 16 days. T1 and T2 have more dark color than control during storage time. VBN, TBARS and total plate count of control were significantly higher than those of T1 and T2 at the latter storage time (p<0.05). Also, VBN, TBARS and total plate count of all treatments was increased with storage time. Linoleic acid was the highest value in control which had the highest value of TBARS in day 16 (p<0.05). Aroma value of control was significantly higher in storage time except day 16 than those of T1 and T2 (p<0.05). Acceptability value of control was significantly higher than those of T1 and T2 in day 4, 8 and 12 (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2013

Dried fish products, such as seasoned cuttlefish, anchovy, and filefish, were analyzed to investigate the physicochemical quality and luminescence properties following gamma-irradiation. The overall color difference slightly increased in all irradiated samples, showing significant changes in Hunter's L, a, and b color values. Cuttlefish and filefish showed higher values in hydrophilic browning, whereas anchovy showed a higher value in lipophilic browning. The brown color intensity of filefish showed a dose-dependent increase. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value significantly increased in irradiated samples of cuttlefish and anchovy, which have relatively high lipid contents. Irradiated samples, except anchovy, were not suitable for screening using photostimulated luminescence (PSL) because only negative or intermediate values were observed. Thermoluminescence (TL) measurements were suitable for all fish samples, i.e., irradiation-specific glow curves were obtained, signal intensity increased, and the TL ratio fulfilled the criterion. There was no significant difference among the irradiated samples with regard to the sensory properties.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.757-765
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• 2014

Campbell Early grapes were spontaneously fermented with and without sulfiting to investigate the effect of sulfiting on the fermentation characteristics and physicochemical properties of Campbell Early wine. During the fermentation, the increase in the alcohol and the decrease in the soluble solid contents were faster without sulfiting, as was the increase in the yeast viable counts compared to those with sulfiting. However, the final alcohol and soluble solid contents reached similar levels with and without sulfiting. The PCR-RFLP analysis of the yeast in the ITS I-5.8S-ITS II region revealed that the increase in the S. cerevisiae was faster in the initial fermentation stage and reached a slightly higher level in the late stage with sulfiting than without sulfiting. The wine prepared after the fermentation with sulfiting showed higher malic and tartaric acid contents, as well as methanol, acetaldehyde, and n-propanol contents, than the wine prepared without sulfiting. The ethyl acetate content of the wine without sulfiting was 375.5 mg/L, which was 5.3 times higher than that (70.5 mg/L) with sulfiting. In the sensory evaluation, the wine without sulfiting obtained higher scores in flavor and overall preference than that with sulfiting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.717-724
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• 2011

We evaluated the physicochemical properties of four varieties of muskmelons (Thankyou, Beauty, Picnic, Sympony) during storage at $7^{\circ}C$. We stored Thankyou, Sympony, and Beauty varieties for 28 days at $7^{\circ}C$, while the Picnic variety was stored for 21 days. After the storage period, the mineral content of the Thankyou variety changed the least, by 2.36%, while that of the Sympony and Picnic varieties changed the most. The Thankyou variety also lost the least amount of free sugar content during storage. The Sympony variety had the highest vitamin C content at the beginning of the storage (26.0 mg%/100 g). After 14 days of storage, there was little difference in the vitamin C content of the varieties, which ranged from 11.5 to 12.5 mg%/100 g. The Picnic variety, which had the highest respiratory quotient, indicated lower storability than the other varieties. In a sensory evaluation, the Thankyou variety was considered to be the best in terms of consumer preference. However, the stem water loss seen in this variety tends to be the first thing that consumers see and may determine its merchantable quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1881-1888
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• 2014

Pre-thermal treatment is important to minimize quality changes during main cooking or storage. In this study, to optimize pre-thermal treatment of carrots, three types of pre-thermal treatments were applied to carrots and quality changes such as physicochemical, nutritional, or sensory properties were observed. Washed and sliced carrots were thermally treated by hot-water immersion ($100^{\circ}C$, 1~10 min), steaming ($100^{\circ}C$, 1~10 min), and stir-frying with oil (10~80 sec). Carrot tissue was maintained until 2 min hot-water immersion or steaming, and they were damaged by just 30 sec of stir-frying. Color and hardness were significantly affected by treatment time and temperature. Color was completely changed after 5 min and 7 min by hot-water and steam treatments, respectively. Hardness decreased to 44% compared with fresh carrot (4,500 g) after 1 min, 3 min, and 20 sec of hot-water, steam, and stir-frying, respectively. For nutritional changes, ascorbic acid, organic acid, and peroxide activity were reduced by all treatments compared with fresh carrot. Especially, succinic acid was dramatically reduced by hot-water treatment. Otherwise, free sugar contents were increased with greater treatment time in all samples. In this study, pre-thermal treatment of carrot was optimal at 2 min steaming treatment.