• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C supplementation and yoga practice on total antioxidant status (TEAC), lipid peroxidation, and blood lipid profiles of middle-aged women. Thirty two women ($53.34{\pm}5.08$ years old) in B city volunteered and the signed consents were received before the study. Experimental groups were normal (n=8), vitamin C intake group (n=8), yoga group (n=8), and vitamin C intake with yoga group (n=8). Total experimental period was 12 weeks. Yoga group practiced yoga 3 times a week for 12 weeks with intensity of RPE $13{\sim}15$. Each practice was 60 minutes. Vt. C group was instructed to take 1 g of Vt. C every day after dinner meal. Changes in TEAC after 12 weeks were 28.23% for the normal group, 30% for Vt. C group, 26.58% for yoga group, and 43.66% for Vt. C with yoga group; the increases in TEAC among groups were not significantly different. Serum malondialehyde (MDA) concentration of the normal group increased by 10% during 12 weeks of experiment while that for the Vt. C, yoga, and Vt. C with yoga group were significantly decreased by 25%, 32.14%, and 33.87%, respectively (p<0.05) compared with the normal group. Neither yoga, Vt. C supplementation nor combined program for 12 weeks were effective enough to change the serum lipid profiles compared with the normal group. In conclusion, Vitamin C supplementation or regular yoga practice seems to have health promoting effects of retarding the oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation in middle-aged woman.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.163-172
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• 2008

Using the spectral data in the 3700 to $10050{\AA}$ wavelength range secured with the Hamilton Echelle Spectrograph (HES) at the Lick observatory, we have investigated the expansion velocities and the physical conditions of the elliptical planetary nebula NGC 6803. Various forbidden and permitted lines, e.g. HI, HeI, HeII, [OIII], [NII], [ArIII], and [SII], indicate complicated but systematic physical conditions variation: electron temperatures $T_{\varepsilon}\;{\sim}\;9000$ - 11000 K and electron number densities $N_{\varepsilon}\;{\sim}\;2000$ - $9000\;cm^{-3}$. The line profile analysis of these ions also indicates the systematic change or the acceleration of the expansion velocities in the range of 10 - $22\;km\;s^{-1}$. We show that the velocity gradient and physical condition found in various ions are closely related to the prolate ellipsoidal structure of NGC 6803. The expansion velocity and the ionic abundance of $O^{2+}$ were derived based on the OII and [OIII] lines. In spite of the discrepancy of ionic abundances derived by the two cases and their line profiles, the expansion velocities of them agree well. We find that the ratios of the red to blue line component of the HeII & OII lines are different from those of the [OIII] or other forbidden lines that indicates a possible involvement of emission of HeII & OII lines. This subtle difference and the different physical condition of the lines are likely to be caused by the elongated geometry and the latitude dependence of the emission zone.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.304-314
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• 2005

The major concept of Sasang typology is that the disease susceptibility and drug response as well as physiological characteristics are presumed to be different depending on their Sasang types. Although characterizing fundamental basis of their traits are crucial in this research field, only pathological susceptibility and physical appearances were thoroughly studied. We evaluated their physiological characteristics by tapping psychological, physical and genetic traits of each Sasang types. After determining the Sasang type of one hundred three college students based on the Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification, the psychological, physical and genetic traits of each type were analyzed with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and genetic polymorphism test, respectively. Each of the Sasang types showed significantly different profiles (Generalized estimation equation, coef=11.88, z=2.13, p=0.033), and could be distinctively classified based on their MBTI scores (discriminant analysis Wilks Lambda=0.611, df=8, chi-square=36.7, p<0.001). Subjects with the So-Eum type (Introversion and Judging) and the So-Yang type (Extroversion and Perceiving) showed contrasting psychological features, however they had similar anthropometric characteristics. Subjects with the Tae-Eum type showed bigger Body Mass Index ($R^2$=0.22, df=4, 74, F=5.07, p=0.001) and body shape compared to others. Although there were no significant differences in G-protein beta-3 subunit polymorphism, angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism and Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymprhisms among groups with Sasang types, it was shown that the dopamine system could be one for genetic marker for Sasang typology. These results demonstrated distinctive and essential traits of Sasang typology using reproducible psychometric, anthropometric and genetic evaluations. We also found that the Sasang typology was a bio-psychological typology which could show trait-specific guideline for individualized medicine.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.346-356
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• 2008

Asbestos is the name of a group of minerals with long and thin fibers that originate naturally in the environment. Asbestos mainly affects lungs and the membrane that surrounds the lungs. In general, PCM (phase contrast microscopy) and PLM (polarized light microscopy) have been used to analyze asbestos fibers. However, these methods have often problems to over-estimate number concentration when counting real asbestos fibers. Moreover, there are many difficulties when separating and identifying various asbestos and non-asbestos fibers. In order to determine quantitative information on fibrous particles, source profiles for asbestos and non-asbestos fibers must be initially developed on the basis of their chemical compositions and physical parameters. In our study, a SEM/EDX was used to develop source profiles from known asbestos samples as reference samples. We could make the source profile matrix consisting of 6 types of asbestos fibers and 2 types of non-asbestos fibers by analyzing 380 fibers. Based on these profiles, a rule building expert system was developed by using the visual basic application (VBA). Various fibers were successfully classified by 2 simple rules in the EXCEL environment based on several visual steps such as inserting data, viewing results, and saving results. For a case study to test the expert system, samples from a construction materials and from various indoor environments such as a residental area, a preschool classroom, and an underground store were collected and analyzed. As a result of the survey, a total of 76 individual test fiber particles was well classified into 5 different types of particle classes; 9.3% of chrysotile, 15.4% of amosite, 0.8 of crocidolite, 4.2% of tremolite, 5.8% glass fiber, 21.1% of other fibers, and 43.5% of unknown fibers in terms of number concentration. Even though unknown portion was high, it will be decreased markedly when expanding fiber source profiles.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2002

Objectives : Aims of the study were to investigate the physical and mental symptom profiles related with perceived life stress in normal populations. Methods: The study subjects were 186 subjects who visited the Health Promotion Center at National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital between July and December, 2000. We measured Life Stress Assessment Scale (LSAS), SCL-90-R (Symptom Check List-90 Revised), and Physical Health Check Questionnaires to evaluate perceived life stress for one year, and physical and mental symptoms. The physical markers related with stress were also measured. According to LSAS scores, we selected two groups from all subjects : Group I (LSAS score with lower 25 percentile) and Group II (LSAS score with higher 75 percentile). Each number of subjects was 46 in Group I and 47 in Group II. We analyzed stasistical significances of study variables between Group I and II. Results : Group II subjects showed higher scores in all subscales of SCL-90-R compared to Group I subjects. Comparing to Group I, Group II subjects complained more physiological symptoms related with anxiety and depression. But there were no statistical differences in the physical markers related stress between two groups. Conclusion: We found that past year-life stress caused various mental and physical symptoms, which didn't develop any physical illness related life stress in normal populations yet.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.160-168
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• 2004

We investigate the effects of solutal convection on the crystal growth rate in a horizontal configuration for diffusive-convection conditions and purely diffusion conditions achievable in a low gravity environment for a nonlinear thermal gradient. It is concluded that the solutally-driven convection due to the disparity in the molecular weights of the component A $(Hg_2Br_2)$ and B (CO) is stronger than thermally-driven convection for both the nonlinear and the linear thermal profiles, corresponding to $Gr_t= 8.5{\times}10^3,\; Gr_s = 1.05{\times}10^5$. For both solutal and thermal convection processes, the growth rates for the linear thermal profile (conducting walls) are greater than for the nonlinear case. With the temperature humps, there are found to be observed in undersaturation for diffusive-convection processes ranging from $D_{AB}$ = 0.087 to 0.87. For the vertical configurations, the diffusion mode is so much dominated that the growth rate and interfacial distribution is nearly regardless of the gravitational accelerations. Also, the diffusion mode is predominant over the convection for the gravity levels less than 0.1 $g_0$ for the horizontally oriented configuration.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.231-237
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• 2007

For an aspect ratio (transport length-to-width) of 5, Pr=3.34, Le=0.078, Pe=4.16, Cv=1.01, $P_B=50$ Torr, only thermally buoyancy-driven convection ($Gr=4.83{\times}10^5$) is considered in this study in spite of the disparity in the molecular weights of the component A ($Hg_2Cl_2$) and B which would cause thermally and/or solutally buoyancy-driven convection. The crystal growth rate and the maximum velocity vector magnitude are decreased exponentially for $3{\le}Ar{\le}5$, for (1) adiabatic walls and (2) the linear temperature profile, with a fixed source temperature. This is related to the finding that the effects of side walls tend to stabilize convection in the growth reactor. The rate for the linear temperature profiles walls is slightly greater than for the adiabatic walls far varied temperature differences and aspect ratios. With the imposed thermal profile, a fixed source region, both the rate and the maximum velocity vector magnitude increase linearly with increasing the temperature difference for $10{\le}{\Delta}T{\le}50K$.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Purpose : We investigated the effects of horseback riding and horseback riding machine exercise on the serum lipid profile in elderly individuals. Methods : Our study included 30 healthy elderly individuals who were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the horseback riding and the horseback riding machine exercise group, with each group comprising 15 individuals. The riding exercise program was performed 25 times a week over 12 weeks. The repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine changes in serum lipid profiles before and after exercise 6 and 12 weeks after exercise. Results : An intergroup comparison of blood tests showed that triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-C levels were decreased in both groups after 12 weeks of the riding exercise program. However, both groups showed an increase in high-density lipoprotein-C levels, although this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion : Horseback riding and horseback riding machine exercise showed a positive effect on the serum lipid profile in elderly individuals.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.7 s.250
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• pp.612-621
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• 2006

Drawing is a mechanical operation attenuating material thickness to an appropriate level for the next processing or end usage. When the input material has a form of bundle or bundles made of very thin and long shaped wires or fibers, this attenuation operation is called 'bundle drawing' or 'drafting'. Bundle drawing is being used widely in manufacturing micro sized wires or staple yarns. However, the bundle processed by this operation has more or less defects in the evenness of linear density. Such irregularities cause many problems not only for the product quality but also for the efficiency of the next successive processes. In this research a mathematical model for the dynamic behavior of the bundle fluid is to be set up on the basis of general physical laws containing physical variables, i.e. linear density and velocity as the dynamic state variables of the bundle fluid. The governing equations resulting from the modeling show that they appear in a slightly different form from what they do in a continuum fluid. Then, the governing equations system is simplified in a steady state and the bundle dynamics is simulated, showing that the shape of the velocity profiles depends on two model parameters. Experiments confirm that the model parameters are to be well adjusted to show a coincidence with the theoretical analysis. The higher the drawing ratio and drawing speed we, the more sensitive becomes the bundle flow to exogenous disturbances.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.306-312
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• 2001

We investigated the effect of physical exercise on the intakes and plasma levels of vitamin C and E in young male adults. The study population were divided into two groups: small-amount exercisers($\leq$ 30min/day, n=29) and moderate-amount exercisers(> 30min/day, n=32) according to their physical exercise habits measured by a questionnaire. Dietary intakes of vitamin C and E of the subjects were estimated by the 24 hour recall method. Plasma lipid profiles, vitamin C, $\alpha$-tocopherol and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol levels were analyzed. No significant differences were observed in total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C of plasma between two groups. Plasma vitamin C and $\alpha$-tocopherol levels in moderate-amount exercisers were significantly higher than those in small-amount exercisers, although dietary intakes of vitamin C and vitamin E were not significantly different between two groups. However, plasma ${\gamma}$-tocopherol level of moderate-amount exercisers did not significantly differ from small-amount exercisers. There was a positive correlation between the amount of exercise and plasma $\alpha$-tocopherol level. These results suggest that moderate amount of exercise over 30 min per day would lead to a healthy life with an activated antioxidant defence system against oxidative stress.(Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 306~312, 2001)