• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2010

Purpose: To examine the effects of a 36-week resistance training program on body composition, fitness and blood lipid profiles in the obese elderly. Method: fourteen subjects were assigned into the resistance training group. The 12-16 exercise sessions were performed for 60min with 15-25 repetitions twice per week for 36 weeks. Data were analyzed by paired t-test with SPSS version 12.0 for Windows. Results: Significant changes were evident in weight (t=5.983, p<.001), body mass index (t=5.922, p<.001), % body fat (t=3.480, p=.004), and fat free mass (t=-2.592, p=.022). Concerning exercises, no significance was noted for back scratch (t=-1.814, p=.093), but were for 2-min step (t=-3.075, p=.009), arm curl (t=-2.223, p=.045), chair stand (t=-3.671, p=.003), chair sit and reach (t=-2.508, p=.026), and 8-ft up and go (t=5.545, p<.001). No significant changes were evident in total cholesterol (t=1.189, p=.279), and total glucose (t=0.689, p=.517), while the change in high-density lipoprotein was significant (t=3.535, p=.012). Conclusion: The 36-week resistance training program enhanced body composition and physical fitness, but not blood lipid profiles in obese elderly subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 2013

This study presents a modeling of aerosol extinction vertical profiles in Korea by using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer(MODIS) derived aerosol optical thickness(AOT) and ground based visibility observation data. The method uses a series of physical equations for the derivation of aerosol scale height and vertical profiles from MODIS AOT and surface visibility data. The modelled results under the standard atmospheric condition showed small differences with the standard aerosol vertical profile used in the radiative transfer model. Model derived aerosol scale heights for two cases of clean(${\tau}_{MODIS}=0.12{\pm}0.07$, visibility=$21.13{\pm}3.31km$) and hazy atmosphere(${\tau}_{MODIS}=1.71{\pm}0.85$, visibility=$13.33{\pm}5.66km$) are $0.63{\pm}0.33km$ and $1.71{\pm}0.84km$. Based on these results, aerosol extinction profiles can be estimated and the results are transformed into the KML code for visualization of dataset. This has implications for atmospheric environmental monitoring and environmental policies for the future.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.321-334
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• 2021

'Marine mammals-based observations' refers to data acquisition activities from marine mammals by instrumenting CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-Depth) sensors on them for recording vertical profiles of ocean variables such as temperature and salinity during animal diving. It is a novel data collecting platform that significantly improves our abilities in observing extreme environments such as the Southern Ocean with low cost compared to the other conventional methods. Furthermore, the system continues to create valuable information until sensors are detached, expanding data coverage in both space and time. Owing to these practical advantages, the marine mammals-based observations become popular to investigate ocean circulation changes in the Southern Ocean. Although these merits may bring us more opportunities to understand ocean changes, the data should be carefully qualified before we interpret it incorporating shipboard/autonomous vehicles/moored CTD data. In particular, we need to pay more attention to salinity correction due to the usage of an unpumped-CTD sensor tagged on marine mammals. In this article, we introduce quality control methods for the marine mammals-based CTD profiles that have been developed in recent studies. In addition, we discuss strategies of quality control specifically for the seal-tagging CTD profiles, successfully having been obtained near Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea, Antarctica since February 2021. It is the Korea Polar Research Institute's research initiative of animal-borne instruments monitoring in the region. We anticipate that this initiative would facilitate collaborative efforts among Polar physical oceanographers and even marine mammal behavior researchers to understand better rapid changes in marine environments in the warming world.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1145-1155
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary restriction(DG), aerobic exercise(EG), dietary restriction with aerobic exercise(DEG) on weight, improvement of obesity, blood lipid profiles and metabolic risk factors of obese female college students. Experiments was conducted 5 times a week for 8 weeks. DG spent 300kcal/day, and EG used 300kcal/day to run, DEG each consumed 150kcal/day limits. As s result, in case of body composition, weight(p<.011) and BMI(p<.008) were decreased in DG group, and weight(p<.044, p<.017), body fat(p<.047, p<.018), BMI(p<.03, p<.008), body fat%(p<.036, p<.015) and WHR(p<.049, p<.027) were decreased in EG and DEG groups. In case of blood lipid profiles's change, there are some differences on TC(p<.006), TG(p<.047) according to the time. In DG:HDL-C(p<.028), in EG:TG(p<.038), in DEG:TC(p<.014), LDL-C(p<.007) have decreased. In case of metabolic risk factor's change, there are some differences on FBG(p<.001), insulin(p<.004), HOMA-IR(p<.001), leptin(p<.000), adiponectin(p<.038), resistin(p<.010) according to time. In DG:HOMA-IR(p<.035) and leptin(p<.007), EG:FBG(p<.043) and leptin(p<.003), DEG:FBG(p<.014), insulin(p<.005), HOMA-IR(p<.005), leptin(p<.016), and resistin(p<.040) have decreased. In conclusion, combined treatment of eating restriction with aerobic exercise was the most effective way to improvement of weight, blood lipid profiles and metabolic risk factors in obese female college students rather than respectively alone treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1278-1283
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week aerobic exercise training on cardiac QT intervals and cardiovascular risk profiles in type 1 diabetic children. Eleven type 1 diabetic children aged 9-17 years took part in this study as subject. The participants performed aerobic exercise training three times a week for total 12 weeks. The intensity of the training was adjusted at HRR 45% until three weeks and at HRR 55% since four weeks. After a 12-week aerobic exercise training systolic (p<0.05) and diastolic (p<0.05) blood pressure of the subjects was decreased. There was significant decrease in cardiac QT intervals (p<0.05), TC level (p<0.05), and HDL-C level (p<0.05). Therefore, the results of this study suggest that long-term regular physical activity of type 1 diabetic children considered exercise intensity and frequency may effect and play a important role in the prevention of diabetic complications and cardiovascular health care.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.985-991
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological effect of obesity-induced oxidative damage on neurogenesis and early protein expression. Obesity was induced I thirty 4-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats through a high fat diet for 15 weeks. After one week of environmental adaptation, the rats were divided into 2 groups: high fat diet sedentary group (HDS, n=15) and high fat diet training group (HDT, n=15). Exercise training was performed 5 times a week for 8 weeks, with mild-intensity treadmill running for weeks 1-4 and moderate-intensity treadmill running for weeks 5-8. After the 8 week training period, we analyzed lipid profiles, serum 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG), liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) related to oxidative damage factors, nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), c-fos, c-jun, and extracellular signal regulated kinase (Erk) in the hippocampus. The results of this study are as follows. There were differences between HDS and HDT in triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) (p<0.05). In high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), the HDT was higher than HDS after treadmill training (p<0.05). In 8-OHdG, the HDT was lower than HDS after treadmill training (p<0.05). Genetic expressions of c-jun, BDNF and MDA in the HDT were higher than in the HDS after treadmill training in hippocampus (p<0.05). Therefore, we conclude that 8 weeks of treadmill training can improve imbalanced lipid profiles, reduce oxidative damage, and activate neurogenesis in obese rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1750-1757
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of regular walking exercise on health-related parameters in the elderly with chronic diseases - apoplexy, overweight, impaired fasting glucose, and overweight + impaired fasting glucose. A total of 85 subjects, 27, 17, 21 and 20 in apoplexy (A), overweight (O), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), overweight + impaired fasting glucose group (O_IFG), respectively, completed a 12-week walking exercise. The health-related parameters were measured before and at the completion of the exercise program including anthropometric measurements, functional physical fitness levels, blood pressure, fasting glucose, blood lipid profiles and chronic inflammatory markers (CRPs). Significant improvements in body weight, BMI, %body fat, blood pressure, all blood lipid measurements and all measured physical fitness items were shown in A; those in %body fat, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in O; those in body weight, BMI, %body fat, fasting glucose, TC, TG and HDL-C in IFG; and those in body weight, HDL-C and LDL-C in O_IFG (p<0.05). The results of the present study demonstrated that a 12-week walking exercise brought positive effects on body weight, bloody lipid profiles, fasting glucose and functional physical fitness levels in the elderly with chronic diseases. In conclusion, this study suggested that walking regularly is very effective in lowering the risks of developing chronic diseases.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.216-225
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• 2003

To demonstrate the effect of physical irritancy(massages) on the skeletal muscles of immobilization ddY mice models induced by right side sciatic nerve neurectomy, the cross sectional histological profiles of the muscularis (M) gastrocnemius, M. tibialis cranialis and M. tibialis caudalis were observed after 28 days of treatment of physical irritancy with the changes of body weight thickness of hind limb and individual muscle weights. In addition, changes of demonstrated with diameter of individual muscle fiber and muscle fasciculata, and number of muscle fiber in each of three types of muscles located in the calf. The massages were used in this study as physical irritancy. The experimental groups were divided into five groups, 1) Sham-operated group(Sham), 2) Neurectomized but not physical irritated control group(Control), 3) Neurectomized and physical irritated at knee pint regions(T1), 4) Neurectomized and physical irritated at calf regions(T2), and 5) Neurectomized and physical irritated at achilles tendon regions(T3). The experimental animals were used 5 per groups. The changes of number or diameter of muscle fiber in each muscles were calculated using automated image analyzer. The results are as follow : Thickness(diameter) of muscle fiber of M. gastrocnemius, M. tibialis cranialis and M. tibialis cranialis in right side of hind limb were remarkedly decreased in Control, T1, T2 and T3 groups compared to that of Sham group. However, the thickness was significantly increased in physical irritated groups compared to that of Control group in followed order : T3

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1394-1401
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 12 wk of aerobic exercise on lipid profiles, antioxidant enzyme activities, oxidative products, and autonomic nervous activity (ANA) in children with obesity. We studied 16 children with obesity and 19 age-matched normal weight controls over a period of 12 wk, during which time moderate intense running exercise was performed. Measurements included peak oxygen uptake, body composition, blood lipid profiles, ox-LDL, 8-OHdG, SOD, GPx activities, total mRNA, and ANA. There were no differences in body weight between periods in the OW group, but body weight increased after 12 wk in OR and CO groups. There were no differences in WHR between periods in the OR and CO groups, but the WHR values decreased after 12 weeks in the OW group. In the obese group, the baseline TG was higher than in the controls (p<0.05), while the ANA level was lower. There were differences in antioxidant enzyme gene expressions between periods in all groups. In conclusion, oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in obese children were found to be similar to those of normal weight children. However, TG was higher and ANA was lower in obese children than in normal weight children. These results indicated that increased TG and decreased ANA levels begins in childhood in obese patients. Also, regular aerobic exercise may modify the antioxidant enzyme gene expression in early life.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.506-525
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• 2007

Incision into bedrock channel is the primary control of landform evolution, but research into bedrock incision process stagnated for long time. Due to the scaling problem of the application of results from flume studies to bedrock channel, there is a strong need to simulate the bedrock incision process with more realistic models. As a part of investigation into controls of bedrock channel incision, three-dimensional changes of rock surface with abrasion was investigated with physical modelling. 18 rock plates were abraded with various sediment particle size and sediment load and abraded surfaces of the plates were scanned with high resolution 3-D scanner. To identify the spatial pattern of erosion of the rock plates, various methods were used. There was no synthetic or holistic method that showed all features of bedrock plate produced by abrasion, so each plate was analyzed using some available methods. Contour maps, shaded relief maps and profiles show that abrasion concentrated on the centre of plate (cross profile) and upstream and downstream edges (longitudinal profile) and eroded area extended inwards. It also found that the cracks and boundaries of forming materials easily eroded than other parts. Changing patterns of surface roughness were investigated with profiles, regression analysis and spectral analysis. Majority of plates showed decrease in small-scale roughness, but it depends on microstructures of the plates rather than general hardness or other factors. SEM inspection results supported this idea.