• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.475-500
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• 2011

One of the first important strategic decisions when a starting an organic marketing initiative (OMI) is to plan the right strategy for distributing products. This decision depends to a large extent on whether the OMI has chosen a quality-premium product strategy or a price-quantity strategy. All distribution decisions interact strongly with other aspects of the marketing mix. Where and how a product is distributed objectives, its chosen strategy and the availability of human and capital resources. To select a market channel, frequent contact and discussions with possible partner are important. Generally, a distribution is made between the direct and indirect physical distribution of organic products to consumers. The longer the supply chain, the lower the chances that an OMI can steer the market through its own marketing measures and convince consumers through its own promotion activities. Generally speaking, the shorter the chain between OMI products and the final consumer, the less dependent the OMI will be on the success of other market actors. Direct selling activities to the retail or food industries also requires an OMI to undertake additional processing and marketing activities. For example, retailers often expect products to have been packed and labelled ready for sale. To conclude, distribution channels should be chosen in accordance with the product and price policy as well as the management capacity of the OMI.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2023

This study investigates the application of nano-composite materials in physical education, specifically focusing on improving the performance of sports hall flooring. The research centers on carbon nanotube reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites, which offer enhanced mechanical properties and durability. The incorporation of carbon nanotubes as reinforcements in the PVC matrix provides notable benefits, including increased strength, improved thermal stability, electrical conductivity, and resistance to fatigue. The key parameters examined in this study are the weight percentage of carbon nanotubes and the temperature during the fabrication process. Through careful analysis, it is found that higher weight percentages of carbon nanotubes contribute to a more uniform dispersion within the PVC matrix, resulting in improved mechanical properties. Additionally, higher fabrication temperatures aid in repairing macroscopic defects, leading to enhanced overall performance. The findings of this study indicate that the utilization of carbon nanotube reinforced PVC composites can significantly enhance the strength and durability of sports hall flooring. By employing these advanced materials, the safety and suitability of physical education environments can be greatly improved. Furthermore, the insights gained from this research can contribute to the optimization of composite material design and fabrication techniques, not only in the field of physical education but also in various industries where composite materials find applications.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.213-225
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• 1994

The Purpose of this dissertation is to study the preparation technique and physical properties of expanded rubber. The respective samples of NR, NBR and the standard compounds of EPDM rubber were prepared by mixing plasticizer DOP and LCR in various ratio. And their vulcanization characteristics, physical properties and foaming states were studied. Vulcanization characteristics were investigated using cure curve that had been obtained from Oscillating Disk Rheometer study, and the microscopic photographs of foaming states were obtained using electron microscope. The vulcanization characteristics of the samples, DOP 30phr and LCR 30phr, were found to be suitable. The tests, like hardness test and resilience, tensile test on the physical properties of each sample showed that plasticizing efficiencies of DOP and LCR were almost the same. Oil resistance test exhibited DOP was better than LCR and compression set test showed LCR was excellent plasticizer. The foaming states of NR, EPDM compounds were uniform, but those of NBR compounds were not uniform. Consequently vulcanization characteristics, physical properties and foaming states of all the samples satisfied the SAE requirements.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.239-249
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• 2018

Physical tests are performed at various stages of the development cycle of a product, from prototype validation to product qualification. Although costly, there are growing demands for qualification tests like endurance vibration testing to be more representative of the real world. At the same time there are growing demands to assess the durability of these items based on FEA simulation. In this paper, we will explain how to set up a CAE-based test and how to correlate the results with some physical measurements. Specific assumptions will be explained and some advantages of using virtual tests will be highlighted such as the reduction of the number of prototypes needed, investigations on failures, evaluation of the level of reliability via sensitivity analysis, evaluation of the margins are at the end of a successful test. This presentation will therefore focus on explaining and showing how virtual tests can enrich the exploitation of physical tests.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.637-642
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• 2001

Hershel found out Infrared for the first time, in the Industrial Revolution the Infrared and FlR had been begun to use making products. FIR with low temperature can deeply penetrate on the human body composed things without troublesome. since FIR has effectively operated on the human body at low temperature (35-40$^{\circ}$C). When FIR penetrated on the human body, it would inhibit the abnormal genes and cells expression, and then information of DNA and RNA would be reexpressed for arranging DNA and RNA abnormal state. As FIR's receptors in the body, it colud be presumed that N-glycosyl linkage of purine and deoxyribose, RNA splicing process. and Heat shock protein. To radiate optimized FIR, in this study, we made the FIR radiation compound and instrument for unharming biological things. According to the results, the FIR radiation to E. coli., it did not induce genetic mutations and change the survival rate of E.coli.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.3580-3585
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• 2022

The thermal stability of carbohydrazide, hydrazine nitrate, acetohydroxamic acid in nitric acid solutions has been studied at atmospheric pressure and above atmospheric pressure. The volumes of gaseous products of thermolysis and the maximum rate of gas evolution have been determined at atmospheric pressure. It has been shown that, despite the high rate of gas evolution and large volumes of evolved gases, the conditions for the development of autocatalytic oxidation are not created. Exothermic processes are observed in a closed vessel in the temperature range of 50-250 ℃. With an increase in the concentration of nitric acid, the temperatures of the onset of exothermic effects for all mixtures decrease, and the values of the total thermal effects of reactions increase, to the greatest extent for solutions with carbohydrazide.

• 임산에너지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

안동 봉정사 대웅전의 지붕구조로 사용되었던 해체부재와 새로이 벌채된 소나무재의 물리적, 기계적, 화학적 특성을 평가 분석하였다. 고목재의 해부학적 분석에 의해 만재부위에서 수지의 응고현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 열화에 의한 비중의 감소, 가도관의 미세할렬이 발생하였으며, 가도관 미세할렬은 S2층 마이크로휘브릴 경사각과 동일한 각도를 갖는 것으로 판단되었다. 고목재의 휨강도, 압축강도 및 전단강도는 모두 35-27% 가량 감소하였으며, 초음파 비파괴시험에 의한 동적탄성계수는 목재의 사용기간이 길어짐에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 목재의 열화는 비중과 동적탄성계수의 측정으로 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 길이방향 동적탄성계수의 측정으로부터 기계적 성능의 예측이 가능하였다. 목재의 부후를 판정할 수 있는 1% NaOH 추출 결과 고목재에서 부후가 많이 진행되었음을 확인하였다. 이에 따라 목재의 열화는 화학조성분의 분석에 의해 평가가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. 이 연구의 결과는 시간의 경과에 따른 소나무의 물성 변화 분석으로부터 장기적으로 사용하는 목재의 물성 변화를 이해하고 예측을 가능하게 하는 자료의 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.755-761
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• 1988

식염의 1.7%, 2.2%, 2.7% 그리고 3.2%의 첨가수준에 따라 발효소세지의 숙성 및 건조중 이화학적 변화 및 미생물의 변화를 조사하였으며 또한 Stahpylococcus aureus의 접종시험을 통해서 이들의 증식관계를 조사하였다. 소금의 첨가량이 많아짐에 따라 pH는 완만하게 떨어졌으며 모든 처리구 공히 원료혼합육 5.8 수준에서 최종제품 4.8-4.6의 pH를 나타내었다. 조직은 소금의 첨가량이 높을수록 저작성과 경도가 높게 나타났으며 낮은 식염처리구에서는(1.7%, 2.2%)제품으로서의 조직을 갖지 못했다. 소금의 첨가량이 많아짐에 따라 총 세균수와 Lactobacilli수는 낮은 수준을 보였으며 아울러 완만하게 증식하는 경향을 나타내었다. 원료혼합육 g당 $10^5$ cells수준으로 접종한 St. aureus는 소금의 첨가수준에 의하여 아무런 영향을 받지 않았으며 각 처리구 마차가지로 21일 숙성기간중 $10^4$ cells/g의 수준으로 감소하였다. 그러나 Enterobacteriaceae는 소금의 첨가량이 낮아짐에 따라 그들이 생존기간이 길었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.360-367
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 단열성능 및 물리적 성질이 우수한 친환경 목섬유 단열재의 제조 기술을 확립하기 위하여 멜라민 요소 폼알데하이드(MUF), 페놀 폼알데하이드(PF), emulsified MDI (eMDI) 및 라텍스계 수지 등 서로 다른 접착제로 제조한 저밀도섬유판의 특성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 MUF, PF, eMDI 수지 접착제로부터는 경질(硬質) 저밀도섬유판이, 라텍스계 수지 접착제로부터는 연질(軟質)의 저밀도섬유판이 각각 제조되었다. 모든 저밀도섬유판은 일반 중밀도섬유판에 비해 현저히 낮은 열전도율을 나타냈으며, 압출 발포 폴리스티렌과 유사한 단열 성능을 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다. 한편 본 연구에서 제조한 저밀도섬유판 중 eMDI를 사용한 것은 흡수 두께/길이 팽창률 및 휨 강도 등 물리적 성질이 가장 우수하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.424-431
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• 2017

Objective: Study on the application of high pressure processing (HPP) for dark-firm-dry (DFD) beef was conducted to observe whether HPP has any impact on physical properties and to evaluate oxidative deterioration during refrigerated storage under vacuum. Methods: The longissimus lumborum muscles obtained from Friesian Holstein steers ($33{\pm}0.5$ months old) with 24-h postmortem pH higher than 6.0 were vacuum-packed and subjected to pressurization at 200, 400, and 600 MPa for 180 s at $15^{\circ}C{\pm}2^{\circ}C$; the samples were then stored for 9 days at $4^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and compared with control (0.1 MPa). Results: HPP increased meat pH by 0.1 to 0.2 units and the tenderness of cooked DFD beef significantly with no significant effects on meat texture profile. The stability of meat pH was well maintained during refrigerated storage under vacuum. No clear effects were found on the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase, however, glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly reduced by high pressure. HPP and storage time resulted in aroma changes and the increasing amount of malondialdehyde and metmyoglobin relative composition. Conclusion: Although the increasing amount of malondialdehyde content, metmyoglobin formation and aroma changes in HPP-treated samples could not be avoided, HPP at 200 MPa increased $L^*$ and $a^*$ values with less discoloration and oxidative deterioration during storage.