• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.251-263
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• 1994

This article considers the trend of Korea physical therapy reaearch. Because physical therapy research is important for the continued growth of the physical therapy profesion. Such research results in improved patient care and heightens the professional standing of the physical therapy field. The purpose of this article is to discuss a current research trend and to suggest a direction for developing a physical therapy research. We discussed a research design, purposes, and methods. Measurement are fundamental to the practice of physical therapy. The physical therapy evaluation is the foundation for the measurement of the outcome of our therapertic intervention. And we must measure thess outcomes. Achieving a high quality of physical therapy practice requires us to evaluate the client, selecting and adminstering a variety of tests and measurent. For the future study, physical therapist has a good treatment model and research program for evaluating and assessment.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.585-600
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• 2012

This paper presents a Modified Tikhonov Regularization (MTR) method in model updating for damage identification with model errors and measurement noise influences consideration. The identification equation based on sensitivity approach from the dynamic responses is ill-conditioned and is usually solved with regularization method. When the structural system contains model errors and measurement noise, the identified results from Tikhonov Regularization (TR) method often diverge after several iterations. In the MTR method, new side conditions with limits on the identification of physical parameters allow for the presence of model errors and ensure the physical meanings of the identified parameters. Chebyshev polynomial is applied to approximate the acceleration response for moderation of measurement noise. The identified physical parameter can converge to a relative correct direction. A three-dimensional unsymmetrical frame structure with different scenarios is studied to illustrate the proposed method. Results revealed show that the proposed method has superior performance than TR Method when there are both model errors and measurement noise in the structure system.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 1992

The major goal of caring the elderly is not to cure the patient, but rather to improve or maintain the individual functional ability. With the aged population increases, there is increasing consensus among health care workers about the importance of developing a tool to measure and evaluate the health status of the elderly. As many writers is pointing out, care of the elderly embraces the spectrum of physical-social-psychological problems and an enormous number of variables could be introudeced into the health worker's routine measurement. But such an expansive approach to measurement could have disadvantages. The purpose of this study is to introduce the measurement tools of physical functioning, perhaps the most important measure required in long-term care, which are separated into three categories of measures; general physical health, ADL, IADL. It is important that all health workers who provide care to the elderly incorporate the concepts of functional health status into the routine assessments. And continuous study about reliability and validity is needed to apply those foreign tools to Korea.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body balance according to insole height and to provide basic information about body balance by insole height. Method : We examed 40 university students who had healthy body without balance impairment. Plantar pressure was measured by EMED system and the measurement of MTD balance used the MTD-balance master in static stance posture. Both of equipments are various measurement method. We measured plantar pressure and MTD balance each three different height insole(0cm, 3cm, 7cm) and each trial was 30 second in duration. Result : The results were as follows : 1) It showed significantly differences between bare foot and height insole. The anterior plantar pressure with 3cm or 7cm insole were more higher than bare foot(P<.05). 2) There were no significantly differences between barefoot and height insole with MTD-balance master(P<.05). Conclusion : In conclusion, the measurement of MTD balance showed right and left balance ability didn't change by insole height, but plantar pressure was moved on anterior side of foot so we could know insole's height cause the effect to anterior and posterior balance ability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.205-217
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• 2002

We performed the cross-cultural adaptation process directed at the translation into Korean of the Pain Visual Analogue Scale, the Self-Report of Improvement and the Beacke Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Adults. This project will help ensure that the Korean versions of these measures retain their meaning and measurement properties when applied to the Korean language and culture. This will help reduce measurement error in the RCT. This research should be of value to other researchers who wish to study older adults with rheumatological conditions.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2019

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a single most arthritic disease. Knee joint space width (JSW) is commonly used for grading severity of knee OA. However, previous studies did not established criterion validity and test-retest reliability of ultrasound (US) image for measuring JSW. Objects: The aim of this study was to establish criterion validity and test-retest reliability of US measurement of medial and lateral knee JSW. Methods: Twenty-nine subjects with knee OA were participated. The US and X-ray were used to measure knee JSW. One sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to confirm the data normal distribution. Pearson correlation coefficient and ICC were used to calculated and establish criterion validity and test-retest reliability, respectively. Results: US measurement of medial and lateral knee JSW was highly correlated with radiographic imaging measure (r=.714 and .704, respectively). Test-retest reliabilities of medial and lateral knee JSW were excellent correlated (ICC=.959 for medial side and .988 for lateral side, respectively). Conclusion: US may be valid tool to measure knee JSW.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2009

This work introduces the uncertainty evaluation formulation on color measurement of light sources and display devices, such as CIE 1931 (x, y) chromaticity, CIE 1960 (u, v) chromaticity, correlated color temperature, and distribution temperature. All the mentioned quantities are reduced from spectral data in the visible range, for which uncertainties are strongly correlated between different wavelengths. Using matrix algebra we have formulated the uncertainty propagation from the SI- traceable spectral irradiance standard to the individual color related measurement quantities taking the correlation between wavelengths into account. As a result, we have demonstrated uncertainty evaluation examples of 3 types of light sources: CIE illuminant A, LED white light, and LCD white light. This method can be applied to any other quantities based on spectral measurement such as solar irradiance, material color measurement, etc.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the intertester reliability and validity of four nonradiologic measurements of thoracic spine rotation in healthy adults. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: This study was conducted on 20 male and 20 female university students aged between 19 and 26. To measure thoracic rotation, a goniometer, a bubble inclinometer, a dual inclinometer, and a smartphone application-clinometer were used. The measurement was performed twice for each device and the same measurement was performed by two examiners. The measurements were performed in the lumbar locked position. The arm in the direction of rotation was taken back and placed onto the back of the lumbar region. With right and left trunk rotation, the head was rotated together but remained in the center line so that the axial rotation was maintained. Both examiners performed the measuring procedures and directly handled the measuring instrument. All measurement results were recorded by the recorder. Results: The range of motion (ROM) of thoracic rotation in lumbar locked position for all four devices was 47 degrees. The intra-rater reliability estimates ranged from 0.738 to 0.906 (p<0.05). The inter-rater reliability estimates ranged from 0.736 to 0.853 (p<0.05). The goniometer, bubble inclinometer, dual inclinometer, and smartphone clinometer showed high validity (p<0.05). This result indicates that all four devices may be used by the same examiner and by other examiners obtaining follow-up measurement. Conclusions: The use of the goniometer, bubble inclinometer, dual inclinometer, and smartphone clinometer for measurements in the lumbar locked posture are reliable and valid nonradiologic measures of thoracic rotational ROM in healthy adults.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.46-55
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to assess the concurrent validity and reliability of goniometric measurement of joint motion. Subjects were 40 healthy university students. Measurements were performed by 4 inexperienced physical therapy students. Four different instruments were used and three readings were taken with each instrument in random order making a total of 12 readings for flexion of the right elbow of each subject. Goniometers used were 1. universal 2. fluid-based goniometer/inclinometer 3. digital LCD goniometer 4. electronic goniometer/torsiometer. The results were as follows: Concurrent validity was highest (r= .94) with the universal and digital LCD tools. Interrater reliability (Pearson Product Moment Correlation) was good for each tool. Interrater reliability calculated by ICC(2,1) was highest (.96) with the tensiometer and lowest (.78) with the digital LCD goniometer. Intrarater reliability calculated by ICC was excellent (${\geq}.90$) for all instruments. These results show that concurrent validity, intrarater and interrater reliability are very good in the used of all four types of goniometers/inclinometer/tensiometer, even with inexperienced raters. These results confirm the almost universal reliance on hand held goniometers for joint measurement by physical therapists as being a reliable practice. Further research should be done clinically with actual patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.119-154
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• 2003

In this paper, the proprioceptive sensitivity was compared by Foot-Hand task method and the effect of the proprioceptive sensitivity and auditory to the standing position between blind and normal children was measured using BPM for 56 children in 7, 8, 9 and 10 years old. There are three measurement methods are used for BPM : Rest, Forward Looking, 'Sound' position. The following conclusions were obtained from the above measurements. 1. In comparison of proprioceptive sensitivity between blind and normal children, there is no significant difference(p > .05). There is no significant difference in comparison of each age group and also there is no difference in each gender group(p > .05). 2. In comparison of standing position measurement between blind and normal children, there is any difference (p > .05) in three measurement(Rest, Forward Looking, 'Sound' position) but there is no significant difference in each gender difference(p > .05). There is any difference between Rest and 'Sound' position of blind children, also there is any difference between Forward Looking and ' Sound ' position, rest and 'Sound' position of normal children(p > .05). 3. There is no significant difference of correlation between proprioceptive sensitivity test and standing position measurement in Pearson correlation coefficient(p > .05).