• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.266-273
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• 2002

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome(CTS) is a common entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve at the wrist. An Electrophysiologic study has been widely used for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. The subjects of this study were 48 cases (88 hands) with clinically suspected carpal tunnel syndrome who underwent electrodiagnostic examination from Jan 1, 2001 to Sep 30, 2001, The results were as follows: 1. Among 48 persons with a clinically suspected carpal tunnel syndrome, 40 patients were female 83.33$\%$ and the patients who are above 60 years old were 37.50$\%$. 2. Electrodiagnostic results were 22 cases (45.84$\%$) with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome and 10 cases (20.83$\%$) with normal. 3. Physical findings consisted of tingling sensation in 48.86$\%$ of the involved hands, positive Phalen's Sign in 20.46$\%$ of them, thenar atrophy in 15.91$\%$ of them, and weakness in 14.77$\%$ of them. 4. Electrophysiologic studies showed a decreased sensory conduction velocity in 20 cases (22.73$\%$) of total hands, a prolonged latency in 3 cases (3.41$\%$) of them, abnormal sensory and motor fiber in 33 cases (37.50$\%$) of them, and normal in 27 cases (30.68$\%$) of them. Considering above results, we had better make a diagnosis precisely the patients with clinically suspected carpal tunnel syndrome through subjective symtoms, physical examinations, and electrophysiologic studies.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1999

The aim of this study is to examine the sensitivity and characteristics of electromyography abnormalities detected by using various paramenters in patients with lumbosacral radiculopathies. EMG is widely used for disgnosing and localizing the level of radiculopathy. The results of the study were as follow : 1. In electromyography, L5 radiculopathy usa 95 cases(51.690). S1 radiculopathy was $45m(24.5\%)$ L4 radiculopathy was 18cases $(9.8\%)$, and L2, 3 radiculopathy was 8cases$(4.3\%)$. Remains 18cases$(9.8\%)$ had no definite radiculopathy. 2. Peroneal and tibial motor nerve conduction velocity studies were not significant as compared to the side to side. 3. Latency of H-reflex in L5 radiculopathy was $30.55\pm2.47$ in affected side, $29.47\pm2.29$ in unaffected side, in S1 radiculopathy was $33.00\pm2.03$ in affected side, R30.18\pm2.21$ in unaffected side. It was statistically significant(p<0.01). H-reflex mean difference of S1 radiculopathy group was significantly prolonged as compared to the L5 and S1 radiculopathies(p<0.001). 4. In L2, 3 radiculopathy, abnormal spontaneous activities and motor unit action potentials were showed high sensitivity in upper lumber paraspinal, hip adductors, quadriceps and iliopsoas muscles. 5. In L4 radiculopathy, lower lumbar paraspinal, tibialis anterior, quadriceps muscles were showed high sensitivity. 6. In L5 radiculopathy, lower lumbar paraspinal, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus longus, extensor digitorum brevis, gluteus maximus, tensor fasciae latae muscles were showed high sensitivity. 7. In S1 radiculopathy, lower lumbar paraspinal, gluteus maximus, peroneus longus, soleus, abductor hallucis, hamstrings, extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis lognus, gastrocnemius muscles were showed high sensitivity.

• 인지과학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.255-270
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 상황인식 시 구체 및 비구체적 단서가 테니스 선수의 의사결정에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 조사하였다. 피험자는 미국 국가 테니스 등급 프로그램 중 수준이 3-4.5에 해당하는 사람들을 대상으로 하였다. 과제는 피험자가 테니스 단식수비, 단식공격, 복식 수비 랠리 장면을 상황인식하다가 화면이 정지되면 가능한 빨리 예측방향을 예상하여 해당버튼(좌, 중, 우)을 누르는 것이다. 실험설계는 집단(3)${\times}$조건(3)${\times}$영역(7)에 대한 삼원분산분석을 실시하였다. 종속변수는 반응시간, 정확률, P300의 진폭과 잠재기였다. 연구결과 구체적정보 집단과 비구체적 정보 집단이 통제집단보다 P300 잠재기는 짧고, 진폭은 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 영역에는 Fz, Cz, Pz 영역의 진폭이 크게 나타났으며, 조건 간에는 단식수비조건이 단식공격 그리고 복식수비조건 보다 진폭이 크게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과 독립변수로 제공된 비구체적 상황인식과 구체적 상황인식 정보는 피험자의 정보처리에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 본 연구의 결과는 사건관련전위가 상황인식이나 의사결정 과정을 측정하는 도구로 사용될 수 있다는 것을 보여주었다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제30권5_6호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2003

기존 운영체제들은 물리적 메모리보다 더 많은 양의 메모리를 사용자에게 제공하기 위하여 가상 메모리 페이징 시스템을 사용한다. 가상 메모리 페이징 시스템에서는 물리적 메모리가 부족해지면 교체되는 메모리 내용을 저장시킬 수 있는 스왑 장치를 필요로 하는데, 기존 운영 체제들에서는 디스크를 스왑 장치로 사용한다. 디스크는 물리적 메모리에 비해 접근 속도가 매우 느리기 때문에 스왑핑이 일어나면 물리적 메모리의 접근 시간에 비해 많은 시간을 기다려야 한다. 여러 대의 PC를 빠른 네트웍으로 묶는 클러스터 환경에서는 디스크의 접근 시간보다 네트웍을 통하여 다른 워크스테이션의 메모리에 접근하는 시간이 더 빠르기 때문에 사용 가능한 다른 워크스테이션의 메모리를 디스크 대신 빠른 장치로 사용하고자 하는 네트웍 램이 제시되었다. 본 논문에서는 Linux 운영 체제에서 스왑 장치 관리자로 네트웍 램을 설계, 구현하여 디스크를 스왑 장치로 사용하는 시스템보다 네트웍 램을 스왑 장치로 사용하는 시스템이 프로그램 수행 속도에 있어 평균 40.3%의 성능 향상이 있었다. 그리고 기존 RAID 시스템에서 사용하던 안정성 제공 방법과 다른 프로세서의 성능을 효율적으로 이용하는 새로운 안정성 제공방법을 제시하였고 평가 결과 본 논문에서 제시한 새로운 안정성 제공 방법인 압축을 이용한 복사본을 두는 방법은 적은 서버 메모리와 메시지를 사용하여 유사한 성능을 나타낸다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 10GBASE-R 형식의 PCS (Physical Coding Sublayer) 구현을 위한 회로로써 표준 속도인 156.25MHz에서 동작하면서 2단 파이프라인 구조로 64b/66b 인코더/디코더를 설계하여 가능한 클록 지연을 최소화한 회로를 제시한다. 제안하는 PCS 회로는 Verilog 하드웨어 설계 언어를 기반으로 설계하여 FPGA를 통한 기능 검증을 위해 Xilinx사의 VertexII-1000fg456 칩에서 측정하였다. 측정한 게이트 수는 47,303이고, Vcc 3.3V에서 351mW의 전력 소모를 보였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.422-432
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• 2009

Purpose: In this study rest-activity rhythm, sleep pattern and quality of life of patients with restless legs syndrome were compared with those of a normal group. Methods: The participants in this study were 36 patients with restless legs syndrome diagnosed by a neurologist and 36 participants in the normal group. An actigraph, sleep diary, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index scale were used as measurement tools for the study. Chi-square test, Lamda test, t-test and Kendall's correlation with SPSS 12.0 program were used to analyze the data. Results: Patients with restless legs syndrome had a higher rest-activity rhythm curve of Least 5 hr's activity(L5) and Most 10 hr's activity(M10) than those of normal group and sleep problems included decreased sleep efficiency and increased sleep latency, wake time and number of awakenings. The scores for the subscales of quality of life in patients with restless legs syndrome were lower than the normal group for general health, physical functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems, role limitation due to physical problems, social functioning, bodily pain, vitality and mental health. Conclusion: The results suggest that further studies are needed to identify rest-activity rhythm according to symptom severity and to develop nursing interventions which consider rest-activity rhythm.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences of the static and the dynamic balance reactions in the flexion syndrome (FS) and the extension syndrome (ES) group of the patients with chronic lowback pain (LBP) and healthy subjects. Twenty subjects were included in each group. By using EquiTest 5.02, the static balance was measured by the equilibrium score and the strategy score of sensory organization test (SOT), while the dynamic balance was measured by the latency of motor control test (MCT) and the sway energy of adaptation test (ADT). Oswestry Disability Index (OSI) was used to measure level of the disability in patients with chronic LBP. The equilibrium scores, the strategies of SOT, and thelatencies of MCT of three groups were compared with one way ANOVA, while the sway energy of ADT was compared with repeated measures one way ANOVA. The results of this study showed that the equilibrium scores and the strategy scores of SOT were significantly lower in patients with chronic LBP than in healthy subjects. The equilibrium scores and the strategy scores of SOT were significantly differences between the FS and ES groups in condition 5 (support surface was sway-referenced and visual information waseliminated by eye closure), and 6 (support surface was sway-referenced and visual information was altered by sway-referencing). The FS group showed delayed average reaction time at large posterior translation, however, the ES group showed delayed average reaction time at large anterior translation, Even though the sway energy of the patients with chronic LBP were greater than that of healthy subjects during the toe down (plantar flexion rotation), the values between the FS and ES groups didn't show any significant difference. The disability level showed highly correlation with the equilibrium score of the condition 5. As the results, the FS and ES groups divided by the their symptoms and signs in patients with chronic LBP showed different balance reaction. Therefore, more accurate evaluation and balance treatments are needed to focus on their symptoms and signs in patients with chronic LBP.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between conceptual metaphors of affect and physical dimensions. Background: The evidence that affect is unconsciously linked to physical dimensions(e.g., position and color) has been obtained in western cultures. However, in eastern cultures, especially, in Korea, it has been seldom tested. It is indispensable to examine whether or not cultural differences exist for better understanding of the conceptual metaphors. Method: 50 positive and 50 negative words were adopted from previous studies in order to determine the relationship between physical domains and abstract affect. Three hypotheses were tested in this study: (1) Good is up. (2) Good is bright. (3) Good is right(for right-handers). The automatic association between valence(positive vs. negative) and vertical position (up vs. down) was investigated in experiment 1, in which 100 words were randomly presented on either the top or the bottom of a LCD screen and the evaluation time of the presented word was recorded. The unconscious association between valence and color(white and black) was examined in experiment 2, where each word was randomly presented in either white or black. Lastly, we tested whether right-handers tend to associate rightward space with positive ideas and leftward space with negative ideas. Results: Reaction time was faster when words were presented in metaphor congruent domains(e.g., 'positive words on the top, in bright color, and on right space vs. negative words on the bottom, in dark color, and on left region) than when they were shown in metaphor incongruent domains. Conclusion: The results might give the groundwork for various directions in further understanding perception, emotion, and behavior. Application: This study may provide useful points to GUI designers and service developers if further studies enhanced in validity and reliability are followed.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of infrared thermography in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome by comparing with electrodiagnostic and ultrasonographic findings. Method: From January 2014 to October 2017, electrodiagnosis, ultrasound, and digital infrared thermal image (DITI) of unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosed in a single hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The subjects with bilateral symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, thyroid disease, fibromyalgia, rheumatic disease, systemic infection, inflammation, malignant tumor, and other musculoskeletal disorders such as finger osteoarthritis, peripheral neuropathy, cervical radiculopathy, and the previous history of surgery were excluded. Results: Of 53 patients diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome, 11 were male and 42 were female. The visual analogue scale was 4.9 ± 1.9, and the duration of symptom was 11.8 ± 12.5 months. There was no statistically significant difference in the body surface temperature between the unaffected and affected sides. The severity of symptoms, electrodiagnostic findings, and cross-sectional area of the median nerve significantly correlates to each other. The temperature difference between the second fingers of the affected and unaffected sides showed a weak correlation with the amplitude of sensory nerve action potential and onset latency of compound muscle action potential, when there was no significant correlation with the other parameters. Conclusion: The difference in temperature on the surface of the body, which can be confirmed by DITI, is little diagnostic value when DITI is performed in unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome patients, especially when compared with ultrasonography.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제44권8호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

IEEE 802.11 DCF 채널 접근 기능은 충돌을 피하고 hidden-terminal과 exposed-terminal 문제를 회피하기 위하여 두 홈 네트워크 내에서는 단일 전송을 허락한다. 이러한 단일 전송은 전송자의 이웃 노드가 전체 왕복시간 동안 데이터 프레임을 기다리게 하며, 프레임 지연의 증가와 네트워크 처리량을 낮게 하는 결과를 초래한다. 실시간 응용들은 낮은 매체 이용, 특히 높은 네트워크 트래픽에 대해 심하게 영향을 받는다. 본 논문은 IEEE 802.11의 프레임 집합화 기술을 이용하여 기본적인 DCF 기능을 유지한 단일 전송 장애를 극복하는 새로운 방안을 제시한다. 제안한 방안은 비 간섭 동기화 슬롯에서 병렬 전송을 허용한다. 병렬 전송은 몇몇 상황에서 물리적인 전송자 감지와 랜덤 백오프 타임을 회피하며, 프레임 지연을 줄이고 매체 이용과 네트워크 용량을 증가시킨다.