• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2006

In order to obtain the maximum flame retardancy as well as the minimum deterioration of physical properties of PU flame-retardant coatings, chlorine and phosphorus functional groups were introduced into the pre-polymer of modified polyesters. In the first step, the tetramethylene bis(orthophosphate) (TBOP) and neohexanediol dichloroacetate (DCA-adduct) intermediates were synthesized. In the second step, 1,4-butanediol and adipic acid monomers were polymerized with the two kinds of intermediates to obtain copolymers. The modified polyesters containing chlorine and phosphorus (ATBA-10C, -20C, and -30C) were synthesized by adjusting that the content of phosphorus compound was fixed as 2wt% and the contents of chlorine compound (dichloroacetic acid) were varied as 10, 20, and 30wt%. Average molecular weight and polydispersity index of the preparation of ATBAs were decreased with increasing DCA content because of the increase in hydroxyl group that retards reaction.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2001

An on-line digestion system based on the flow injection analysis technique was presented for the determination of total phosphorus. The system converts condensed and organic phosphoruses into orthophosphate that can be analyzed spectrophotometically. The reaction between orthophosphate and ammonium molybdate in a strong acid medium forms the yellow complex of phosphomolybdate which is next reduced to a molybdic blue complex by stannous chloride. The quantitation of orthophosphate is based on the absorbance of the molybdic blue. To determine total phosphorus, the digestion system was installed between the sample injector and the reaction coil with the added lines of digestion solution(potassium persulfate+sulfuric acid) and the $H_2O$ carrier. The system has shown that the digestion efficiencies were greater than 95% for the typical condensed and organic phosphoruses. When tripolyphosphate standards were used, the calibration data showed that the linear dynamic range extended to a concentration of 1.5ppm with the detection limit of 25ppb total phosphorus. The typical relative standard deviation was less than 2%. The proposed system was successfully applied to lake water, wastewater, and streamwater. The analytical variables such as digestion efficiency, analysis time, and reproducibility were evaluated and compared with the manual digestion method.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the bacterial capability to accumulate phosphorus during liquid composting process of pig slurry. Storage liquid compost and pig slurry were analyzed by using MALDI-TOF technique, which showed the colonies of Acinetobacter towneri and Bacillus licheniformis. In addition, bacterial colonies were isolated under high phosphoric acid conditions using X-phosphate MOPS medium with the addition of 2 mM $K_2HPO_4$. Microbial growth was observed in high and low phosphoric conditions due to the growth of bacterial diversities in the liquid fertilizer and slurry. The colonies isolated in the high phosphoric acid medium were uncultured bacterium clone and Acinetobacter sp. were identified by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Uncultured bacterium showed higher growth rate and excellent phosphorus ability then Acinetobacter sp.. In addition to Paenibacillus sp. AEY-1 isolated from pig slurry performed excellent phosphorus utilizing capability.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2016

Accumulated Phosphate can be released by ligand exchange reaction of organic acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of the organic acids on the availability of phosphate and the growth of crop in phosphate and salts accumulated soil. Soil samples were collected from farmer's plastic film house. Available phosphate and electrical conductivity of soil were $3,005mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $16.63mg\;kg^{-1}$ which were 6 and 8 times higher than the optimum range of soil for crop growth, respectively. Corns were cultivated in pots for 2 months. Treatments were no treatment (control), phosphate fertilizer (P), citric acid (CA) 1, 5, 10 mM, and oxalic acid (OA) 1, 5, 10 mM. Water soluble phosphorus, available phosphate, corn growth and uptake were determined after cultivation. Results showed that organic acids increased water soluble phosphorus and available phosphate. For the level of 10 mM, the order of effectiveness of organic acids for water soluble P was citric acid (44%) > oxalic acid (32%). Height and dry weight of corns were increased significantly by the treatment of citric acid 1 and 5 mM. Also, corn absorbed more phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the treatment of citric acid 1 mM than these of other treatments. Even though phosphate availability of soil was enhanced by addition of citric acid 10 mM, the growth of corns decreased because high concentration of citric acid caused salt damage by increasement of electrical conductivity. Thus, the citric acid of 1 mM has the potential to improve the availability of phosphate and the healthy growth of corns.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.720-723
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• 1996

The behavior of electrodeposition of amorphous nickel-phosphorus has been studied from the point of deposition mechanism, kinetic parameters, morphology and formation of alloy films. The electorode reaction and electrode kinetics of deposition of nickel were significantly influenced by the content of phosphorus. The cathodic deposition of nickel-phosphorus alloy might be governed by the diffusion process of phosphorous acid. The direction of growth layer of the nickel-phosphorus alloy was different with substrate material. The formation of nickel-phosphorus alloy films was affected considerably by the solution compositions, electrolytic conditions and properties of the material as an underlayer.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2020

하수슬러지 소각재에서 인(P)을 회수하기 위해 소각재를 황산 용액으로 추출한 후, 알칼리 물질로 pH를 높이면서 회수되는 인(P)과 불순물인 중금속 함량을 비교하여 최적의 인(P) 회수 조건을 실험하였으며, 이때 산추출액을 재사용하거나, 소각재를 입자크기 별로 구분하였을 때 인(P) 회수효율을 비교하였다. 하수슬러지 소각재로부터 인(P)을 회수하기 위한 조건은 1N 황산 용액으로 L/S비 10, 추출시간 30분으로 하는 것이 최적이었다. 인(P)을 회수하기 위한 적정 pH는 알칼리 물질 첨가량, 회수되는 침전물 내의 중금속 함량 등을 고려하였을 때 pH 5 이전에 생성되는 침전물에서 인(P)을 회수하는 것이 유리한 것으로 판단된다. 소각재 추출액의 재사용율(100, 50%)에 따라 인(P)의 회수율을 각각 14, 21% 증가시켰으나, Zn 함량이 각각 33, 21%, Cu의 함량이 각각 35, 20% 증가되었다. 하수슬러지 소각재를 입자크기별로 4개 구간으로 나누어 실험한 결과 특정 크기 구간의 소각재 만을 인(P) 추출하는데 따른 장점은 없었다. EDTA와 양이온 교환수지 등을 통한 추출액 중의 중금속 제거 효과는 크지 않았다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.554-562
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• 2008

To evaluate the limitation for epiphytic and planktonic algal growth, acid extractable inorganic phosphorus (AP), implying the luxury uptake phosphorus, was measured in five reed zones of Lake Biwa. The AP in epiphytic substances was 0.7 to 1.4 mg P surface stem $m^{-2}$ in summer and 1.2 to 2.8 mg P $m^{-2}$ in winter. On the other hand, the amount in planktonic substances was 1.4 to 5.7 mg P m -3 and 0.8 to 5.4 mg P $m^{-3}$ in both seasons. Contribution of AP in the epiphytic and planktonic phosphorus was 23 to 31% and 8 to 27% in summer, and 17 to 22% and 9 to 17% in winter. It suggests that in summer both epiphytic and planktonic algae had been luxuriously taken up phosphate into cells. The weight ratios of C : N : P were averaged 79 : 20 : 1 for the epiphytic substances and 81 : 12 : 1 for the particulate substances. On the other hand, the ratios without the luxurious phosphorus were 93 : 24 : 1 and 103 : 15 : 1, showing much higher values than the Redfield ratio. High ratio in the epiphytic substances indicates that the phosphorus is the limiting parameter, rather than nitrogen, regulating the growth of epiphytic algal populations.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.641-646
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• 2008

In this research, recovery of high quality organics from excess activated sludge and its potential as a external carbon sources for BNR process was studied. By simultaneous treatment of alkali and ozone, TSS concentration was reduced by 32%, and RBDCOD fraction was increased by 76.2%, and major constitute of produced organic were acetic acid and propionic acid. Also, nitrogen and phosphorus were greatly solubilized. However, because acid-hydrolyzable phosphorus(AHP) was major part of solubilized phosphorus, $NH_4{^+}-N$ and $PO_4{^3}-P$ concentration were insufficient for effective formation of crystal like as MAP(Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate) and hydroxyapatite. By placing BPR reactor before alkali-ozone treatment reactor, $PO_4{^3}-P$ concentration in pretreated sludge was increased by 1.8 times, and improved potential of phosphorus recovery by crystallization. In experiment of crystallization, hydroxyapatite formation was more easily applied than MAP. By hydroxyapatite formation, $SCOD/PO_4-P$ ratio was greatly increased from 32.7 at control to 141.9 at $Ca^{2+}/PO{_4}^{3-}-P$ mole ratio of 2.4. The results based on this study indicated that the proposed system configuration has potential to reduce the excess sludge production, to recover phosphorus in usable forms as well as utilize organics as a external carbon source in BNR process.

• 월간산업보건
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• 통권383호
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• pp.9-12
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• 2020

눈과 호흡기의 자극 가능성을 최소화하기 위해 오염화인(Phosphorus pentachloride)에 대한 직업적 노출기준인 TLV-TWA를 0.1ppm(0.85 mg/㎥)으로 권고하였다. 동물 또는 사람의 오염화인 노출에 대한 독성자료는 매우 제한적이며, 삼염화인(Phosphorus trichloride)과 유사하게 물이나 상대습도가 높은 공기 중에서 염산(Hydrogen chloride)과 인산(Phosphoric acid)으로 가수분해된다. 따라서 삼염화인, 염산 그리고 인산에 대한 TLV Documentation을 참조해야 한다. 피부 흡수(Skin), 감작제(SEN), 발암성 표기에 대한 경고주석과 TLV-STEL을 권고하기에는 유용한 자료가 부족하다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.172-183
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• 1976

인산감수성(燐酸感受性)이 다른 대두(大豆)를 암모니움태, 질산태, 뇨소태질소의 배양액에 길러 엽(葉)과 근(根)에서 RNA, DNA 및 기타 인산형태(燐酸形態)를 정량하였다. 인산감수성(燐酸感受性)인 품종(品種)은 내성(耐性)인 품종(品種)보다 모든 질소원(窒素源)에서 산가용무기린산함량(酸可溶無機燐酸含量)이 높았다. 산가용무기린산(酸可溶無機燐酸)은 요소배양(尿素培養)에 가장 높았고 질산태배양(窒酸態培養)에서 가장 낮았다. 전인산(全燐酸) 함량(含量)은 산가용무기린(酸可溶無機燐)의 증가(增加)에 의(依)하여 가장 영향(影響)을 받았다. 산가용무기린산(酸可溶無機燐酸)이 증가(增加)하면 산가용유기린산(酸可溶有機燐酸), 지질인산(脂質燐酸) 리보핵산인(核酸燐)과 잔여인산(殘餘燐酸)이 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)이나 데옥시 리보핵산(核酸)은 변화가 거의 없었다. 질산태배양식물(窒酸態培養植物)에서 전린산(全燐酸)에 대(對)한 리보 핵산인(核酸燐)이나 데옥시리보핵산인(核酸燐)의 백분률(百分率)은 암모니움 배양(培養)의 그것보다 두배가 되었으며 질소원(窒素源)에 관계(關係)없이 내성품종(耐性品種)에서 역시 높았다 전산가용인(全酸可溶燐)에 대(對)한 산가용유기린(酸可溶有機燐)의 백분률(百分率)은 인산감수성(燐酸感受性)이 적을수록 적었다. 인산감수성(燐酸感受性)은 인산대사(燐酸代謝)풀의 상대적(相對的) 크기에 의존(依存)됨을 나타낸다. 전건물생산량(全乾物生産量)은 전인산함량(全燐酸含量)과 부상관(負相關)이고 (-0.84로 1% 수준유의(水準有意)) 산가용무기린(酸可溶無機燐) (-0.84로 1% 수준유의(水準有意))이나 잔여인(殘餘燐) (-0.69로 5% 수준유의(水準有意))과도 부상관(負相關)이었다. 산가용유기린(酸可溶有機燐)을 지질인(脂質燐), 리보핵산인(核酸燐) 및 데옥시 리보핵산인(核酸燐)과 정(正)의 상관성(相關性)을 보이나 잔여인(殘餘燐)과는 부(負)의 관계(關係)였다. 리보핵산인(核酸燐)은 지질인(脂質燐)과만 유의정상관(有意正相關)(0.63, 1% 수준(水準))을 갖는다. 질소원(窒素源), 품종(品種) 그리고 인산대사(燐酸代謝)풀 간(間)에는 유의성(有意性)있는 (1%수준(水準)) 교호작용(交互作用)이 있었다. 인산감수성(燐酸感受性)과 암모니움해독(害毒)은 에너지 대사면(代謝面)에서 동일(同一)한 것으로 보였다. 즉(卽) 전자(前者)는 아데노신 3 인산(燐酸)을 아데노신 2 인산(燐酸)으로의 轉換(에너지방출)을인산(燐酸) 포텐샬을 통해 저해하며 후자(後者)는 아데노신3 인산(燐酸)의 생성(生成)(에너지 저장(貯藏))을 저해하는것 같다.