• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1184-1187
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• 1996

우유 중에 존재할 수 있는 발암성 진균독소의 하나인 $aflatoxin{\;}M_1{\;}(AFM_1)$을 신속, 간편하게 분석할 수 있는 효소면역측정법(ELISA)을 개발하고자 하였다. 소혈청알부민에 공유결합한 $AFM_1\;(AFM_1-BSA)$을 토끼에 면역하여 항체를 생산하고 정제하였다. 이 항체의 유사독소와의 교차반응율은 29.9%이하의 비교적 낮은 교차율을 나타냈다. $AFM_1$의 검출을 위하여 확립한 직접경합ELISA (cdELISA)로 우유에 인위적으로 오염시킨 $AFM_1$을 정제과정없이 ELISA로 분석하는 경우, 우유를 PBS로 40%되게(2:3) 희석하였을 때 양호한 회수율을 보였다. 이 조건하에서 행한 ELISA의 $AFM_1$분석 회수율은 0.3-3.0 ng/ml의 오염농도 범위에서 농도별 회수율로 평균 113%, 그 분산은 8.2%였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 ELISA system은 우유 중의 0.5 ppb이상의 $AFM_1$을 정제과정없이 손쉽게 분석하는데 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1278-1282
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• 2001

Astaxanthin을 산란계에 경구 투여하여 얻은 AEY에는 총 2.88 mg%의 carotenoid가 함유되어 있었다. Carotenoid 성분을 HPLC로 분석한 결과, AEY에는 존재하지 않는 $\alpha$- cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, cynthiaxanthin, triol 등이 AEY 에서 확인되었다. CEY에서는 존재하지 않기 때문에 이들은 astaxanthin의 대사생성물로 예상할 수 있다 AEY는 LPS로 유발한 mouse의 catabolic response overcome의 효과 시험에서 control구에 비해 유의성 있는 체중 감소 억제 효과를 보였다. 또한 AEY는 LPS 처리에 의한 면역기관에 미치는 영 향에서는 췌장과 간의 체중에 대한 상대적 비율을 증가시켰다. 따라서 AEY 처리가 면역 작용을 하는 세포의 활성에 관여하는 것으로 생각되고 이것은 AEY 처리구에서 관찰되는 $\alpha$-cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, cynthiaxanthin, triol 등에 의한 것으로 추측된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2005

Background. 5-(and-6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester mixed (CFSE) is the fluorescent labelling agent of living cells and used to trace the cells in vivo after transplatnation of various cells. The CFSE labelled cells can maintain fluorescence for up to 7 days after labelling. The MC3T3-E1 cell line (MC3T3) has been used for many studies about osteoblast, which is well known as a mouse preosteoblast. So the CFSE would be used to trace the transplanted MC3T3. However there are few reports about CFSE labelling of MC3T3. This study is aimed to know about adequate concenturation and incubation time of CFSE to MC3T3. Materials and methods. The MC3T3 was incubated in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air with 5% $CO_2$ at $37^{\circ}C$ using ${\alpha}$-minimal essential medium (${alpha}$-MEM) containing10% FBS and gentamycin. Ten mM CFSE solution in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO: 1%) was diluted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and final concentration of culture medium was, respectively, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ${{\mu}M$. Then the MC3T3 was incubated with CFSE in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air with 5% $CO_2$ at $37^{\circ}C$ for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 minutes in each concentration. The fluorescence of CFSE labelled cells was analysed with a inverted fluorescence microscope. The duration of cell labelling was also studied. Trypan blue dye exclusion test was done for cell viability. Results. For concentration between 5 and 10 ${\mu}M$, CFSE did not significantly label the MC3T3 in vitro. The destruction of MC3T3 was observed at the concentration of 20 ${\mu}M$. In the concentration of 15 ${\mu}M$, the best labelling was obtained at an incubation period between 15 and 30 minutes. The MC3T3 labelled with an incubation period of 15 minutes at 15 ${\mu}M$ was still fluorescent 7 days after CFSE labelling. The mean cell viability was 95.93%. Conclusion. These results suggests an incubation period of 15 minutes at 15 ${\mu}M$ of CFSE provides best labelling of MC3T3 in vitro.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2007

목 적: 본 연구는 생쥐 전핵시기 배아를 완만동결법과 유리화동결법으로 동결-융해 후 배아의 생존율과 성장률을 비교하고자 시행하였다. 연구방법: 과배란을 유도한 생쥐로부터 전핵시기 배아를 획득하여 10% SSS가 첨가된 HTF 배양액으로 약 1시간 동안 배양한 후 두 개의 전핵이 관찰되는 정상적인 형태의 배아만 선별하여 동결하였다. 동결방법으로는 1.5 M PROH에 0.1 M sucrose가 함유된 완만동결법과 40% ethylene glycol, 18% Ficoll, 0.5 M sucrose가 혼합된 EFS40 용액과 EM grid를 이용하여 이용한 유리화동결법을 실시하였다. 동결-융해 후 전핵시기 배아의 회수율, 생존을 및 부화 포배기로의 성장률과 부화율을 비교하였다. 결 과: 각각의 방법으로 동결-융해 후 24시간 동안 배양하였을 때 2-세포기까지의 성장률은 완만동결군이 59.1%이었고 유리화동결군이 77.0%로 두 군간에 유의한 차이를 보였고 (p<0.003), 48시간 동안의 배양에서도 완만동결군이 53.3%이고 유리동결군이 72.6%로 유의하게 유리화동결군에서 높은 수세포기까지의 성장률을 보였으며 (p<0.003), 72시간 배양하였을 때의 상실배로의 성장률 역시 완만동결군이 46.7%이고 유리화동결군이 67.3%로 유리화동결군에서 유의하게 높은 성장률을 보였다 (p<0.001). 융해 후 144시간 동안 배양하였을 때의 부화포배기로의 성장률은 완만동결군이 26.3%이고 유리화동결군이 43.4%로 유리화동결군에서 유의하게 높은 성장률을 보였다 (p<0.005). 결 론: 생쥐 전핵시기 배아의 동결보존에서 유리화동결법은 완만동결법 보다 시간이 단축되고 비싼 장비가 필요없어 경제적이고 간단했을 뿐 아니라 동결-응해 후 전반적으로 높은 생존율과 성장률을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.460-466
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• 2012

T-2와 HT-2 독소는 type A trichothecene계 곰팡이독소에 속하는 식품 오염물질이나, 국내의 경우 기준치 설정과 분석법의 확립이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 T-2와 HT-2 독소의 분석법 확립에 도움이 되고자 옥수수와 현미 시료에 존재하는 carboxylesterase에 의한 T-2 독소의 탈아세틸화가 GC 및 HPLC에 의한 T-2와 HT-2 독소 분석치에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 옥수수와 현미 시료로부터 제조된 carboxylesterase 조효소원에 의한 T-2 독소의 HT-2 독소로의 전환 정도를 살펴본 결과, 15분 이내에 84-86%의 HT-2 독소가 급격히 형성되었고, 30분 이후에는 93-95%로 증가한 후 일정하게 유지되었다. 시료에 존재하는 효소의 불활성화 여부가 분석치에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면, 효소를 불활성화 시킨 시료에서는 T-2 독소가 60-107% 검출되었고 HT-2 독소가 검출되지 않은 반면, 효소를 불활성화 시키지 않은 시료에서는 T-2 독소가 0-9% 검출되었고 HT-2 독소가 77-121% 생성되었다. 추출용매 및 추출방법에 따른 T-2 독소의 탈아세틸화를 살펴본 결과, methanol/water 80:20으로 추출한 경우에는 T-2 독소가 84-108% 검출되었다. 곰팡이독소의 동시분석을 위해 PBS로 1차 추출한 다음 methanol로 추출할 때, 효소를 불활성화 시킨 시료에서는 T-2 독소가 60-87% 검출되었고 HT-2 독소가 검출되지 않았다. 반면, 효소를 불활성화 시키지 않은 시료에서는 T-2 독소가 검출되지 않았고 HT-2 독소가 37-66% 생성되었다. 이러한 결과는 옥수수와 현미 시료에 존재하는 carboxylesterase에 의해 T-2 독소가 탈아세틸화되어 T-2와 HT-2 독소를 각각 정량분석할 때 분석치에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.245-249
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• 2007

The aim of present experiment was to examine hatching rate as in vitro indicator of viability of porcine embryos before early stage embryo transfer such as zygotes or 2-cell stage embryos. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) collected from ovaries were matured in North Carolina State University 23 (NCSU-23) containing 10% porcine follicular fluid (pFF), 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF), $10{\mu}g/ml$ follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), $35{\mu}g/ml$ luteinizing hormone (LH), and 1mg/ml cysteine. After 24 hours, the COCs were transferred to the same medium without hormones. After 65h of maturation, oocytes were exposed to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with 7% ethanol (v/v) for 7 minutes, and then the oocytes were washed and cultured in tissue culture medium (TCM) 199 containing 5 ug/ml cytochalasin B for 5h at $38.5^{\circ}C$ in an atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$ and 95% air with high humidity. After cytochalasin B treatment, the presumptive parthenotes were cultured in porcine zygote medium (PZM)-5 and cleavage of the parthenotes was assessed at 72h of activation, Normally cleaved parthenotes were cultured for an additional 8 days to evaluate their ability to develop to blastocyst and hatching stages. The fetal bovine serum (FBS) were added at Day 4 or 5 with concentrations of 2.5, 5 or 10%. The blastocyst rates were ranged within $39.1{\sim}70%$ in each treatment. However hatching rate was dramatically decreased in non-addition group. In this experiment, embryo viability in female reproductive tract may be estimated before embryo transfer with in vitro culture adding FBS by hatching ability.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.877-886
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• 1995

The recycling nuclear transplantation(NT) technique has the powerful potential of producing a large number of genetically identical embryos and offsprings from one embryo. Multiple generational cloning by this technique utilizes the NT embryo itself as the donor for the next generation of cloning. In this experiment, we have produced the third generational cloned embryos by recycling NT. Further we examined comparatively the electrofusion rate and in vitro developmental potential in the cloned embryos of the first second and third generations. The embryos of 16-cell stage were collected from the mated does by flushing oviducts with Dulberco's phosphate buffered saline containing 10 % fetal calf serum(FCS) at 47 hours after hCG injection. In the first generation NT, the nuclear donor embryos were synchronized in the phase of Gl/S transition of 32-cell stage. The first and second generation NT embryos developed to 16-cell were used as donor nuclei for second and third generation. The recipient cytoplasms were utilized the oocytes collected at 14 hours after hCG injection, following revoming the nucleus and the first polar body by micromanipulation. The separated blastomeres were injected into the enucleated recipient oocytes by micromanipulation and were fused by electrical stimulation. The electrofusion rate was seen to be 78.0, 88.0 and 90.3 % in the first second and third generation NT rabbit embryos, respectively. The fused oocytes were co-cultured with a monolayer of rabbit oviductal epithelial cells in M-199 solution containing 10 % FCS for 120 hours at 39$^{\circ}C$ in a 5% $CO_2$ incubator. The in vitro developmental potential to blastocyst stage was significantly(P<0.05) decreased in the third(7.2 %) generation NT embryos compared to the first(53.1 %) and second(16.1 %) generation NT embryos. Following in vitro development to blastocyst stage, they were stained with Hoechst 33342 dye for counting the number of blastomeres by fluorescence microscopy. The mean blastomere numbers and cell cycle numbers of NT embryos during the culture period were significantly(p<0.05) decreased in the second(93.9 cells and 6.55 cylces) and third(81.5 cells and 1.35 cylces) generation, compared to the first(189.9 cells and 7.55 cylces) generation.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the freezomg condition especially focused on extender composition to achieve good post-thaw viability and motility of canine sperm. Semen were collected from 6 male dogs which had been proved to be fertile in the past and were treated for freezing. Equex-STM paste was contained in both the 1st(3%) and the 2nd(7%) diluent and the 2nd diluent was added to the 1st diluent following glycerol equilibration for an hour and a half. To investigate the effect of Equex-STM paste in the extender on post-thaw canine sperm characteristics, the post-thaw viability, motility, and HOS(Hypoosmotic swelling) values were evaluated according to the different composition of extender with or without Equex-STM paste, thawing conditions, and different thawing media added to thawed semen. 1. Canine sperm removed from seminal plasma and frozen )n Sweden extender containing Equex showed higher post-thaw viability, motility, and HOS values than those frozen in the extender containing Equex-STM paste with seminal plasma and those frozen in the extender without Equex and seminal plasma. 2. Canine sperm frozen in Sweden extender containing Equex-STM paste with 5% glycerol showed higher post-thaw viability, motility, and HOS values than those frozen with 3%, 8% glycerol or 5% DMSO. 3. The canine semen frozen in Sweden extender with 5% glycerol and Equex-STM paste showed higher viability, motility, and HOS values when thawed at $70^{\circ}C$ for 8 seconds than when thawed at $37.5^{\circ}C$ for 1 min and at $18-20^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. 4. TFC (tris -fructose-citrate) and PB S (phosphate buffered saline) medium added immediately to thawed canine semen brought better viability, motility, and HOS values for the sperm than those semen added with TGC(tris-glucose-citrate) and no medium. These results indicated that Equex-STM paste in Sweden extender for freezing the canine sperm which were removed from seminal plasma brought good post-thaw viability and motility of canine sperm. Also of the freezing conditions of canine sperm with the same extender containing Equex, the concentration of 5% glycerol, the thawing condition at $70^{\circ}C$ for 8 sec, and TFC and PBS medium added to the thawed semen brought better post-thaw viability and motility of canine sperm than the other conditions used in this study.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2020

This study was carried out to examine a novel inactivated Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) vaccine candidate for protection of mice against salmonellosis by immunization of BALB/c mice using various type adjuvant. The novel type-inactivated vaccine candidate was constructed by adding Chlorhexidine digluconate solution. BALB/c mice were divided into 6 groups of 15 mice apiece. The mice were intramuscularly (IM) primed at 6 weeks of age and were IM boosted 8 weeks of age. Groups A and B mice were injected with sterile phosphate-buffered saline as controls; group C mice were inoculated with 5×10⁸ cells/100 µL of formalin-inactivated S. Typhimurium cells and adjuvant ISA70; groups D~F mice were immunized with 5×10⁸ cells/100 µL of the inactivated vaccine candidate and adjuvant ISA70, adjuvant IMS1313 and adjuvant IMS1313 containing 30 ㎍/mL of GI24, respectively. All mice (except group A mice) were orally challenged with a virulent S. Typhimurium strain at 10 weeks of age. Mice from groups C-F had significantly increased IgG levels compared to control groups (A-B) mice. The levels of splenocyte IFN-γ and IL-4 in mice of all groups were measured by ELISA, resulting in increased immunity in group F mice compared to those of groups A-E mice. These data suggested that systemic and cell-mediated immune responses were highly induced by IM immunization with the vaccine candidate and adjuvant IMS1313 containing GI24. Furthermore, clinical signs such as death were observed in only 20% of group F mice after virulent Salmonella strain challenge, however, groups B and C (100%), and groups D and E (60%) mice died. This data suggested that mice immunized by intramuscular prime and booster with this vaccine candidate and adjuvant IMS1313 containing GI24 effectively protected mice from salmonellosis.

• 식물병연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.129-133
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• 2006

2003년 수원의 팥 재배 포장에서 새로운 병해가 발견되었다. 처음에는 잎에서 수침상 점무늬가 형성되고 점점 커져 주위로 노란색의 테두리를 형성하는 진갈색의 반점을 형성한다. 심해지면 잎이 떨어지고 잎자루 및 꼬투리에도 진갈색의 병반이 형성된다. YDC 배지에서 병원세 균을 순수 분리하였을 때 Xanthomonas속 세균의 전형적인 특징인 노란색 색소를 띤 세균이 형성되었다. 분리된 세균을 $10^8 cfu/ml$로 현탁한 후 3 주 동안 자란 팥과 콩에 분무 접종하여 병원성을 확인하였다. 지방산 조성 및 함량과 다양한 탄소원 이용정도를 이용하여 분리세균 SL4311은 X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli로 SL4309와 SL4310 은 X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans로 동정하였으며 이 병을 팥의 세균성잎마름병으로 명명하였다.