• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.418-426
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• 1990

This study examines the effects of choline deficiency and 2-acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF) on the lipid peroxide values, glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in rats fed different dietary fats. Weanling Sprague Dawley male rats fed the diets containing 15% beef tallow or 15% corn oil with vitamin fortification mixture or choline free vitamin mixture for 10 weeks. At 3th and 5th week, 2-AAF was injected twice each week intraperitoneally. Total 2-AAF injection was four times. 2-AAF and choline deficiency increased lipid peroxidation in corn oil groups, so the role of 2-AAF and choline deficiency in lipid peroxidation was more important in corn oil groups than beef tallow groups. G6Pase activities tended to be decreased by 2-AAF in choline deficient groups, and in corn oil groups, the enzyme activities were decreased significantly in all subgroups compaired to beef tallow groups. GST activities were increased by 2-AAF in beef tallow groups and choline deficiency in corn oil groups, and might defence against carcinogen metabolism and lipid peroxidation.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 1994

Phosphatase의 저해제로 알려진 okadaic acid(OA)가 한국산 개구리(북방산개구리 참개구리) 난자의 성숙에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 북방산개구리 난자에 약 50 nl의 okadaic acid(0 5-500 mM)를 미세주입한 후 18시간 배양한 결과 0.5 mM의 농도에서 부터 난자의 핵붕괴를 일으키기 시작하였다 동면초기에 처리한 progesterone에 반응하지 않는 난자들도 OA에 의하여 성숙을 일으켰으며. 이 성숙은 배양액에 첨가한 cycloheximide(10 mg/ml)에 영향을 받지 않았다 또한 OA의 처리를 받고 일정시간 배양한 난자의 세포질에는 미성숙 난자의 성숙을 유도하는 maturation promoting factor (MPF)의 활성이 생기었다 참개구리의 난자도 역시 OA에 의해 성숙이 유도되었으며, 주입 후 6시간에서부터 핵붕괴가 일어나기 시작하였다 참개구리에서도 OA의 처리가 MPF의 활성을 촉진하는 것을 세포질내에 Hl histone kinase의 활성도가 증가하는 것으로 확인할 수 있었다 참개구리에서도 OA에 의한 성숙은 cycloheximide나 CAMP에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다 이러한 결과들은 개구리 난자의 MPF 활성화와 성숙과정에 phosphatase가 관여함을 보여주는 것이다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.2 s.79
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• pp.205-214
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• 2000

Recently, the magnetic force has been considered as a method for a more efficient tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different static magnetic fields of Nd-Fe-B magnet on MC3T3-E1 cells by measuring the alkaline phosphatase activity and observing the amount of stained alkaline phosphatase. For measuring of alkaline phosphatase activity, MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded in first and third row of 12 well culture plates. And Nd-Fe-B magnets were positioned under the first column of first and third row to apply different static magnetic fields(first column:100mT ; second column:4.6mT ; third column:0.5mT ; forth column:0.0mT) to the cells for 7, 13, 19, and 25 days. For staining of alkaline phosphatase, MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded in 100mm culture plates. And Nd-Fe-B magnets were positioned under the corner of plates to apply different static magnetic fields(magnet side:100mT : the opposite side:0.5mT) to the cells for 7, 13, 19, and 25 days. The results were as follows : 1. ALP activity was increased until day 19 in biochemical determination as well as in histochemical staining, 2. The application of higher magnetic field(100mT) suppressed ALP activity at day 13, 19, 25. On the contrary, the application of the lower magnetic field(4.6mT, 0.5mT) significantly enhanced the ALP activity. 3. Consistent with enzyme assay, histochemical staining of ALP also demonstrated that higher magnetic field(100mT) suppressed ALP activity, lower one(0.5mT) enhanced.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 1994

Water samples were taken at 6 stations from the mouth of Keum River to Kogunsan Archipelago of West Sea during December, 1991 to August, 1992, to determine the distribution of heterotrophic bacteria, their biovolumes and heterotrophic activities. Heterotrophic marine bacteria ranged from $1.0\;{\times}\;10^3to\;5\;{\times}\;10^5c.f.u.$ /ml. As for morphological distribution measured by epifluorescence microscopy, rod-shaped bacteria were between 45% and 72% of all cells during investigation period. Average biovolume of sampled bacteria ranged from $(7.69\;{\pm}\;0.18)\;{\times}10^{-2}to\;(8.18\;{\pm}\;0.38)\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;{\mu}m^3$ for coccoid bacteria, and from $(6.09\;{\pm}\;0.29)\;{\times}10^{-2}to\;(7.72\;{\pm}\;0.41)\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;{\mu}m^3$ for rod-shaped ones. The activities of extracellular enzymes ranged from 0.01 to 2.6 ${\mu}M$ /l /hr for glucosidase, from 0.01 to 2.6 ${\mu}M$ /l /hr for amylase, from 0.01 to 8.86 ${\mu}M$ /I /hr phosphatase and from 0.01 to 0.94 ${\mu}M$ /l /hr for chitinase. Extracellular enzyme activities were higher in summer season than in other sampling periods, and phosphatase showed the highest activity among measured extracellular enzymes. Bacterial distribution and their extracellular enzyme activities were associated with water temperature and organic nutrients, but bacterial cell volumes showed no direct relationship with extracellular enzyme activities.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.318-326
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• 1991

This study was devised to investigate the effects of flavonoids on carbon tetrachloride toxicity of rats. Through the experiments, the contents of total cholesterol, transaminase(GOT, GPT) and alkaline phosphatase(Alk. P) activities in the liver and serum were determined. The results obtained are summarized as follows; (1) The liver cholesterol concentration of flavonoid injected groups were remarkably increased up to 45% at 2 days after $CCl_4$ injection and then the values were almost recovered to the level of control group at 4 days after $CCl_4$ injection. The increase of serum cholesterol content was inhibited by the flavonoids after $CCl_4$ injection, but the result was not significant. (2) Flavonoids injection was found to have the ability to decrease the elevated serum GOT, Alk. P activities resulting from injection of $CCl_4$ and induce rapid recovery from such an elevated level and the extent of such a decreasing action was greatest in hesperidin injection group. The liver microsomal Alk. P and GOT activities were not affected by the treatment of flavonoids. (3) The elevated serum and liver microsomal GPT activities induced by $CCl_4$ injection were inhibited by the injection of flavonoids.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.374-380
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• 1993

Effect of green tea extract, on duodenal ulceration was studied in male Sprague Dawley rats treated with cysteamine, a drug, which causes duodenal ulcers in experimental animal. As a result, in the proximal duodenum, a significant decrease of ulceration was detected twenty four hours after cysteamine injection in rats raised in green tea extract for 63days. Special reference to duodenal alkaline phosphatase activity was measured in mucosal homogenates. In control rats raised in tap water Riven saline, significant decrease was observed in proximal duodenal alkaline phosphataes activity. The decrease effect seems site specific, since the enzyme in the distal duodenum remains. Moreover the effect cysteamine in control rats alkaline phosphatase is specific, because, in rats raised in green tea extracts did not show significant change in activity. It is suggested that green tea extract acts in ideal properties as an anti-duodenal ulcer agent.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 1991

In order to study the growth and maturation of ovarian follicle, the localization and activity of alkaline phosphatase(ALPase) and adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase) of the granulosa cells and theca layer were examined according to the follicle size, the follicle state and the ovarian cyclic phase in pig. Theca interna of the small follicles was more heavyly localized with reaction product by the activites of ALPase and ATPase than that of the large follicles. It is assumed that, as the follicles proceed to growth and maturation, antrum formation is the result of the follicular fluid accumulation by means of active transport by the activities of ALPase and ATPase in theca interna. The activities of ALPase and ATPase in atretic follicles were higher than those of normal follicles. These results imply that the mechanisms of follicle maturation and atresia are different according to the phase of ovarian cycle.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.441-445
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• 1987

The subcellular distribution of lipoxygenase in germinating soybean seeds (Glycine max[L.] AmSoy) was investigated by using differential centrifugation and sucrose density gradient fractionation. Most of lipoxygenase -1 and -2/3 activities was present in the supernatant fraction after differential centrifugation of homogenates prepared from three-day-old seedlings; only 1.5% of lipoxygenase activity remained in particulate fractions. The results of a sucrose density gradient fractionation (three-day-old) showed that the lipoxygenase activity coincided with acid phosphatase at the densities of 1.19, 1.23, $1.25g/cm^3$, even though most of lipoxygenase and acid phosphatase activities appeared in supernatant fractions. There was no indication that mitochondria contained any lipoxygenase activity, and it does not appear that glyoxysomes and ER contained any lipoxygenase activity either.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2008

The comparative molecular field analyses(CoMFA) models between the substituents with changing groups($R_1{\sim}R_4$) of $3{\beta}$-hydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid derivatives as substrate molecule and their inhibitory activities($pI_{50}$) against protein tyrosine phosphatase(PTP)-1B were derived and discussed quantitatively. The optimized CoMFA F1 model have best predictability and fitness($r^2_{cv.}=0.654$ and $r^2_{ncv.}=0.995$). The order of contribution ratio (%) with CoMFA fields on the inhibitory activities was a steric field(53.0%), electrostatic field(36.2%) and hydrophobic field(10.8%). From the analytical results of CoMFA contour maps, the inhibitory activities were dependent on the R4 group in substrate molecules. Particularly, the new active compounds(P1 & P2) with the inhibitory activity against melanin synthesis were expected.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.376-381
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• 1995

Thermus caldophilus GK24 was selected as sources of thermostable alkaline phosphatase from a survey of extreme thermophile. T. caldophilus GK24 was tested for production of alkaline phosphatase by addition of various concentration of sodium glutamate, bactotryptone, glucose and yeast extract to basal salts. Sodium glutamate was found to be effective for the alkaline phosphatase induction. The optimal induction medium for production of alkaline phosphatase involves the addition of 0.3% sodium glutamate, 0.2% bactotryptone and 0.5% glucose to basal salts. The activity of the enzyme in optimal induction medium increased nearly 6-fold/ml than basal medium and 27.5-fold/ml than standard medium. T. caldophilus GK24 alkaline phosphatase was found to be inducible. When starved of inorganic phosphate, T. caldophilus GK24 produces the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. The addition of inorganic phosphate to growth medium had a repressive effect on enzyme synthesis.