• MALSORI
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• no.29_30
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• pp.19-42
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• 1995

This paper deals with the current phonological theory named the elementary theory Before manipulating this theory with highest depth, we need to discuss the distinctive feature theory which can be estimated as playing a central role in the standard generative trends. En the element-based phonological theory, the followings might act as tile main traits in differentiating it from other theories: the notion of phonological opposition is regarded as privative one, treating the univalent element as an analysing unit in a phonological process instead of distinctive features, and the nile convention in standard theory is replaced by the element. In chapter 2, a brief history of generative theory is to be described with respect to the merits and demerits of the distinctive feature theory. In chapter 3, After dealing with the current tendency and some prominent aspects of each element theory, a couple of problems thought to be confronted by the distinctive feature theory And the analysing method taken from the element-based theory which may be regarded currently as the alternative to the problems mentioned above will be discussed mainly, The government-based theory introduced by KLV(1985, 1988) may be the main target in discussing the current topic.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2007

This paper attempts to investigate phonetic substances of the stress patterns of English compounds and noun phrases, showing that the theoretically derived stress structures are not consistent with the accentual patterns in real utterances. Even though it has been long claimed that compounds have the stress pattern [1 3] and that noun phrases, [2 1] as in Chomsky & Halle (1968), their difference has not been yet explored empirically or phonetically. I present a phonetic experiment conducted to see if there is any difference along the tonal contours, mostly focusing on their pitch accent distribution. 36 different compounds and 36 different noun phrases included in carrier sentences were examined, and they were varied in position within a sentence. Results showed that various accentual patterns were produced, and among them, [H* X] predominantly occurs in all three positions in both compounds and noun phrases, whereas the patterns [X H*] and [X X] appear relatively more frequently in final position than in initial and medial position. Furthermore, the pattern [Ac + No], in which the preceding element is pitch-accented with no accent on the following one, is the major stress pattern in both compounds and noun phrases and in all three sentence positions. This suggests that there seems to be no difference in accentual patterns between compounds and noun phrases, which is not consistent with the hypothesis. The results are interpreted as saying that the preceding element alone tends to be prominent with no accent following it both in compounds and noun phrases, and that therefore, theoretically speculated phonological claims are not always phonetically supported.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

The discipline of terminology is based on its own theoretical principles and consists primarily of the following aspects: analysing the concepts and concept structures used in a field or domain of activity, identifying the terms assigned to the concepts, in the case of bilingual or multilingual terminology, establishing correspondences between terms in the various languages, creating new terms, as required. The word properties has syntax, morphology and orthography. The syntax is that how words are put together. The morphology is consist of inflection, derivation, and compounding. The orthography is spelling. Otherwise, the terms of TKM(Traditional Korean Medicine) is two important element of visual character and phonetic notation. A visual character consist of spell, sort words, stop words, etc. For example, that is a case of sort words in which this '다한', '한다', '多汗', '汗多' as same. A phonetic notation consist of palatalization, initial law, etc. For example, that is a case of palatalization in which this '수족랭', '수족냉', '手足冷', '手足冷' as same. Therefore, to enlarged reference terminology is a method by term's normalization. For such a reason, TKM's terms of normalization is necessary.

• MALSORI
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• no.42
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• pp.25-36
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• 2001

Stress assignment has been much discussed in the literature on English compound nouns. The general view of the stress pattern of English compound nouns is that a main stress falls on the first element and a secondary stress on the second element; however, a stress pattern is often employed that provides counterevidence to the traditional pedagogical approach. A new idea is suggested by Ladd(1984) that 'compound stress represents the deaccenting of the head of the compound.' Recent studies show that initial stressing does not indicate compounds and syntactic phrases are not always characterized by final stressing. In his pilot test Pennanen comments on the frequent variation of stress patterns on individual items, on the basis of which Bauer confirms Pennanen's results with different informants. This paper is an attempt to justify Bauer's analysis with the same data as Bauer's and different subjects. It turns out that the competences of native-speaker informants do not rovide clear-cut answers. Some factors should be taken into account in assigning appropirate stress to compound nouns.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.561-585
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• 2001

It has been claimed recently that the two computational operations Move and Agree of Chomsky (2000, 2001a) should be separated into distinct and independent operations. According to this view, Move is an “operation that applies only to meet an EPP-feature of a functional category.” It is also claimed under that analysis that “a candidate for Move is simply a syntactic object with phonetic content.” The purpose of this short paper is to show that the operation Move should still be viewed as composite; hence it must have the operation Agree as one of its prerequisites. We argue that the EPP feature of T may not be analyzed as an independent feature that triggers overt displacement in syntax. Under Chomsky's (2000, 2001a) theory, displacement in syntax must require the probe-goal (P, G) association before the actual movement takes place. It is shown in this paper that in order for an element $\beta$ to raise to the [Spec, T] position, the $\varphi$-features of T must establish a (P, G) relation with those of $\beta$ prior to movement. In short, Move requires Agree, the EPP feature being dependent on the minimal $\varphi$-feature [person] of nominals.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.9-13
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• 2005

The aim of this paper is to analyze the vowel lengthening in Korean, whose function is distinctive in the word's level. In this paper, I examined two acoustic parameters : vowel length and formants(F1 and F2) to distinguish or to identify the long vowel and his short correspondant, for exemple, /a:/ and /a/. According to the results of experimental analysis and to the discussion on the vowel length's relation and its influence to Korean phonological system, I considered a vowel lengthening as a prosodeme, so as a prosodic element in Korean phonological system.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.89-104
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• 2004

This paper investigates previous theories on English focus realization and attempts to find out the overall acoustic characteristics of English focus. It has been argued in previous studies that English focus can be defined as a new information that is not recoverable from the context (Halliday 1967), a complementary element of presupposition (Jackendoff 1972), and what is predicated about the topic in a sentence (Sgall 1973, Gundel 1974). The phonetic realization of English focus in an utterance has been said to be either L+H*/H*, or falling accent. Yet it is a more or less simplified pattern not based on real data obtained from native speakers of English, and it does not consider the various pragmatic and contextual situations. In our experiments we found that native speakers uttered English focus sentences in different ways according to the different focus structure. Another notable result is that Korean speakers, when provided with the same experimental material, are neither able to distinguish different focus types nor deaccent the elements that are not focused in an utterance.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-66
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• 2001

This paper aims to investigate the acoustic characteristics of the vowels attested in Korean and French and to seek a way of understanding them from a phonological point of view. We first compare the two vowel systems by measuring the actual frequencies of the formants using CSL. It is shown that the first and second formants vary in wider range in French compared to Korean. In order to understand the two vowel systems from a phonological point of view, we apply the theory of Licensing Constraints, proposed and developed by Kaye (1994), and Charette and Kaye (1994). We propose the licensing constraints placed upon the vowels both in Korean and French. For Korean, we propose the licensing constraints such that both elements I and U must be heads. For French, we claim the following licensing constraints: U in a headed expression must be head, A cannot be head, and Nothing can only license an expression A in it.

• MALSORI
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• no.35_36
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• pp.157-173
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• 1998

This is a pilot study on applying the Rise/Fall/connection(RFC) model to Korean intonation tot speech synthesis. RFC model contains successive intonation events, which can be pitch accents and intonation boundary tones. The intonation contour of RFC model is composed of piecewise linear curves of rise, fall, and connection elements, and each element can have any amplitude and duration. In this paper, elements of RFC model is slightly modified to accommodate the characteristics of Korean intonation. Subjective preference test was conducted to compare the modified RFC model with the original one. The results show that the intonation contour produced by the modified RFC model is perceptually indistinguishable from that of the original RFC model, while the former requires less number of labels than the latter.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.136-148
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• 2021

In this study, the theoretical principle and structural practice of Estill Voice Training model that enables independent control of voice organs in the actor's acting art using voice as a medium of artistic expression. Its purpose is to explore the positive utility that can be applied to operation. The research on the speech science methodology that controls the differences in speech output due to the principle of the generation organ is a reality that has not been actively introduced in Korea compared to the existing actor's speech training that encompasses both the mind and the body. Voice can guarantee the accuracy and stability of operation when an understanding of our body is preceded based on anatomical physiology as well as contribute to the characterization of the character's phonetic character an element of character creation. Considering the training model through proprioception in actor voice training has practical value and alternative significance that the actor can be sought as a principle and practical methodology in the process of generating a series of target sounds.