• Title/Summary/Keyword: phobia

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A New Finding-peripheral Vision Phobia: A Possible Subtype of Social Phobia

  • Jang, Su Hee
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.159-165
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    • 2014
  • Background and objectives : Social phobia is a nervous anxiety characterized by one or more constant fear in social activity or specific situation which causes serious damage to individual's social functions leading to chronic functional impairment when it is untreated. The objective of this study is to report a new finding of a possible subtype of social phobia according to a case survey and study of sufferers found via online support group. Methods : A single case review using survey and interview on patient was employed. Following a no-treatment baseline period for examination and interview, biweekly acupuncture treatment with interview for in-depth examination was delivered for 6months. Also, for in-depth investigation of peripheral vision phobia, survey questionnaire was done by the members of a Korean support group on on-line social group forum. Result : A new type of social phobia which has not yet been reported nor mentioned in any journals, namely called 'peripheral vision phobia' has been identified. Biweekly acupuncture treatment reached a comfort state of mental status on one case of patient with social phobia. Limitation : Due to the shift of environment on patient's part, the termination of the school session at where the phobia occur the most, the reoccurrence of the phobia is yet to be examined. Also, the generalization of the new type of phobia as a subtype only by reviewing one case alone with survey interview of on-line social group has limitation. Conclusion : The result of the case review suggests that 'peripheral vision phobia' is strictly concentrated on malfunctioning of peripheral vision without functional or organic hindrance of pupils or of any parts of eyes including eye muscles due to peripheral vision phobia. PVP is similar to social phobia and it may be a subtype of social phobia, however, since etiology, diagnosis, medical treatment methods are under researched, investigation is yet to be done.

Development of Korean Version of WHO-CIDI(Composite International Dignostic Interview)-Social Phobia : Its Validity and Reliability (한국어판 WHO-CIDI(Composite International Diagnostic Interview)-사회 공포증의 개발 : 타당도 및 신뢰도 검사)

  • Seo, Joo-Won;Oh, Kang-Seoh;Lee, Si-Hyung
    • Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.191-200
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    • 2000
  • It is our purpose to evaluate the validity & interrater reliability of CIDI-social phobia, Korean Version. Method : CIDI-Social phobia Korean Version was evaluated by 50 Korean social phobia patients who met diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV. The authors calculated diagnostic concordance rate between clinical diagnosis & diagnosis by using the CIDI-social phobia Korean Version for evaluating validity. We also calculated the interrater diagnostic concordance of 20 social phobia patients for evaluating interrater reliability. Results : Validity of the CIDI-social phobia Korean Version was 0.74, & Interrater reliability(kappa) was 0.75. Conclusions : CIDI-Social phobia, Korean version had a good reliability & validity. That was proved a good instrument for diagnosing social phobia for general population and clinical patients

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Gender Differences in the Symptomatic Characteristics of Social Phobia Patients in One University Hospital (일 대학병원 외래 내원 사회공포증 환자에서 증상적 특성의 남녀차이)

  • Choi, Hong-Min;Kim, Na-Hyun;Lim, Se-Won;Oh, Kang-Seob
    • Anxiety and mood
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.62-67
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    • 2008
  • Objectives : Gender differences in demographic characteristics, symptom presentation, and severity may influence the selection of target behaviors as well as the course and outcome of therapeutic interventions for patients with social phobia. The purpose of this study was to explore the gender differences in the symptomatic characteristics of Korean patients with social phobia. Methods : A total of 256 outpatients with social phobia at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital were included in this study. All subjects were evaluated using the Korean version of the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus. Potential differences in demographic characteristics, severity of anxiety, and situational fear and avoidance were examined. Self-report questionnaires and interviewer-administered instruments, including the Social Phobia Scale (SPS), Social Phobia subscale of the Fear Questionnaire (FQ-social), Appraisal of Social Concerns (ASC), and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), were used to evaluate the severity of the patients' symptoms. Results : There were no gender differences in demographic characteristics, age, age at onset of social phobia, total SPS score, FQ-Social score, ASC score, and LSAS score. In addition, there was no gender difference in the severity of fear in specific social situations. However, women reported significantly higher total scores on the social helplessness category of the ASC than men (p=0.009). Conclusion : Previous studies reported that the severity of social phobia symptoms is greater in women than in men, but our results suggest that there are no significant gender differences in the severity of social phobia symptoms. Thus, gender differences among patients with social phobia are discussed in the context of traditional sex-role expectations.

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A Single Case Study on the Psychological Analysis of a Middle-aged Woman Suffering from Animal Phobia (동물공포증을 겪는 중년여성의 심리분석 단일사례연구)

  • Dong-Tae Kim
    • Industry Promotion Research
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.127-135
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    • 2024
  • This study is an instrumental case study based on a theoretical proposition on animal phobia as a single case, Six categories were derived for the purpose of psychological analysis of the father of a female research participant suffering from the earthworm phobia. They are 'a fearful existence', 'problems with the woman who is always by her father's side', 'secret adultery and shock', 'fear of punishment', 'symbol for earthworm and fear displacement', and 'earthworm phobia'. Anxiety about punishment from a fearful father was the cause of the phobia. For the study participant, the earthworm phobia was the displacement of her father's fear of earthworm, and the earthworm phobia was interpreted as a substitute for her father. In other words, earthworm phobia should be understood as an escape and defense process as it replaces the re-emergence of long-repressed fearful feeling toward her father, and its symbolism can be seen as a metaphorical transformation of the pathological family atmosphere.

Association between social phobia level and dental fear level of college students (대학생의 사회공포수준과 치과공포수준의 관련성)

  • Bo Young Park;Han A Cho;So Yeong Bang;Min Jeung Oh;Eun Ji Lee;Whan Hui Lee;Jae Min Joung;Mi Sook Yoon
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.89-95
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    • 2023
  • Social phobia is a mental disorder that triggers physical reactions, such as cold sweats, headaches, and panic attacks, as a result of anxiety about a particular situation. Individuals with social phobia are thought to be more sensitive to dental anxiety and may have difficulty visiting the dentist as a result. This study aimed to determine the relationship between social phobia and dental fear among college students, who are reported to have a high prevalence of social phobia. A total of 120 survey responses were analyzed. To investigate the variation in dental fear levels based on the level of social phobia, the total social phobia score was divided into two groups: 41 points or more, and 40 points or less. The disparity in dental fear scores was then analyzed using a t-test. The study found that the average score for dental fear was statistically significantly higher in the group with a total social phobia score of 41 points or more compared to the group with a total score of 40 points or less (p<0.05). Furthermore, the group that scored 41 points or higher on the social phobia scale reported experiencing symptoms such as feeling nauseous at the dentist (3.29 points), sweating upon entering the dentist (3.13 points), and feeling afraid when looking at the dentist (3.13 points). The score was high (p<0.05). Therefore, dental patients exhibiting anxiety symptoms require a comfortable treatment environment to alleviate dental fear, and safe, pain-free dental treatment techniques must be employed.

A Study on Flight Phobia and the Countermeasure (비행공포증과 대책에 관한 연구)

  • Ahn, Y.T.;Choi, Y.C.
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.64-70
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    • 2009
  • Because of globalization, flight trips are generalizing, however in proportion to this, it is increasing that people who afraid of riding an airplane because of flight phobia. ‘Flight Phobia’ is individual problem; however it can be factors to suspend of flight schedules. This research is experimental analyzed the recognition degree of flight attendants and cabin attendants about flight phobia and suggested the direction of management about related problems. This research examines meanwhile overlooked importance of flight phobia and the actual condition and if problems are happened, this research will be used valuable to manage quickly and safely.

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Association between Social Phobia and Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphism : Preliminary Study (사회공포증과 세로토닌 수송체 유전자다형성과의 연관성 : 예비연구)

  • Lee, Jae-Hon;Lim, Se-Won;Oh, Kang-Seob;Lee, Min-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.170-177
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    • 2006
  • Objectives : Disturbances of serotonergic system might be related to the possible mechanism of social phobia. This study was to investigate the association of serotonin transporter gene and social phobia. Methods : Sixty nine patients with social phobia(51 male(73.9%), mean age $35.17{\pm}11.89$ years) and seventy four normal controls(54 male(73.0%), mean age $33.46{\pm}9.63$ years) were tested for serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region(5-HTTLPR) polymorphism. Additionally, patients were grouped into 46 generalized(GEN) and 23 nongeneralized(NGEN) subgroups and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was compared with that of normal controls. The genotypes and allele frequencies of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism between social phobia and the control group were compared. Genomic DNA was extracted from their blood and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms were determined by using polymerase chain reaction. Results : Significant association was observed between the S(ss) genotype and social phobia, by functional classification(p=.010). In allele frequency analysis, a significant association was also observed between the short allele and social phobia(p=.030). A significant associations between S genotype and each subgroup were observed(GEN p=.045 ; NGEN p=.033), but there were no differences in allele frequency. And, no differences in genotype and allele distribution between two subgroups were found. Conclusion : The results in our Korean sample suggest that S genotype of 5-HTTLPR may be associated with social phobia and s allele may be an important genetic factor that activates social phobic symptoms. But, further studies including large number of samples are necessary to elucidate these present findings.

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Polymorphism of Dopamine Transporter Gene(DAT1) in Korean Social Phobia Patients:Preliminary Study (한국인에서의 도파민 수송체 유전자 다형성(Dopamine Transporter Gene(DAT1) Polymorphism)과 사회공포증과의 연관성에 관한 예비 연구)

  • Oh, Kang Seob;Yoon, Hyung Kun;Lee, Min Soo
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.165-172
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    • 2004
  • Objective:Although polymorphism of dopamine transporter gene(DAT1) has been considered to be implicated in the pathogenesis of social phobia, previous investigations have been inconsistent and controversial. The authors investigated the relationship between DAT1 polymorphism and social phobia in Koreans. Methods:DAT1 and alleles of fifty subjects who met DSM-IV criterion of social phobia, and those of age- & sex- matched fifty normal controls in Korea were compared. Additionally, patients were grouped into generalized(33) and nongeneralized(17) types and DAT1 polymorphism was compared with that of age- & sex- matched controls. DAT1 with variable number of tandem repeats(VNTR) were determined by using polymerase chain reaction. To compare the distribution of the DAT1 polymorphism between different groups, Fisher's exact test was used. Results:There were no significant differences in either genotypic(p=0.451) or allelic(p=0.452) distributions between the social phobia patients and the controls. There also were no differences in genotypic distribution between subtypes of social phobia patients and the controls. Conclusion:We couldn't find any association between DAT1 polymorphism and social phobia. Further studies including larger number of samples and diverse clinical variables should be conducted to elucidate the present findings.

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Behavioral Characteristics of Face Recognition for Self and Others in Patients with Social Phobia (사회공포증 환자에서 자기 및 타인 얼굴 인식의 행동 특성)

  • Sohn, In-Jung;Yoon, Hyung-Jun;Shin, Yu-Bin;Kim, Jae-Jin
    • Anxiety and mood
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2014
  • Objective : Social Phobia is associated with extensive disability and reduced quality of life. The concept of 'social self' is a representation of the self-reflected in the eyes of others, and is recruited during self-face recognition, which is closely related to self-esteem. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship of face recognition for self and others using measures of social anxiety and self-esteem in patients with social phobia. Methods : Twenty-seven patients with social phobia and twenty-three normal controls were evaluated with scales of self-esteem, depression, anxiety and other psychiatric symptoms. All participants completed the self-face recognition task. Nine self-faces, nine other faces and eighty-one morphed faces were presented randomly for each trial. The participants were instructed to make a decision as to whether the stimuli were self-face or not. The responses and reaction times were recorded during the task. Results : There were no group differences of the morphing composition at the recognition start point as self-face. In patients with social phobia, the mean reaction time at the start point of recognizing as a self-face was 1,037.6 ms, which was significantly longer than that of normal controls (911.3 ms, p<0.05). Patients with social phobia showed a significant negative correlation between the mean reaction time and the severity of depression when the stimuli were recognized as a self-face (r=-0.421, p<0.05). Conclusion : A difficulty in attention rather than avoidance may be an important factor of face recognition in patients with social phobia. When considering self-face recognition in such patients, many factors, such as anxiety, depression, working memory and theory of mind, need to be considered.

The impact of social interaction anxiety on endemic blue among university students who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating effect of social phobia (코로나19 팬데믹을 경험한 대학생의 사회적 상호작용 불안이 엔데믹 블루에 미치는 영향: 사회공포증의 매개효과)

  • Kim, Ahrin;Jeon, Hae Ok;Chae, Myung-Ock
    • The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.212-221
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    • 2024
  • Purpose: This study aimed to identify the mediating effect of social phobia between social interaction anxiety and endemic blue among university students who experienced the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: This study employed a descriptive correlational design. The participants were 196 university students from 10 universities located in four major regions across the Republic of Korea. Data were collected from July 12 to 31, 2022, through an online self-reported questionnaire and were then analyzed using an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA with Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. The mediating effect was analyzed using PROCESS macro model 4 with a bootstrapping method using IBM SPSS 27.0. Results: There were significant positive correlations among social interaction anxiety, social phobia, and endemic blue. Social interaction anxiety had significant effects on social phobia (β=0.77, p<.001) and social interaction anxiety (β=0.33, p<.001) and social phobia had a significant effect on endemic blue (β=0.29, p=.001). Concerning the influence of social interaction anxiety on endemic blue, a significant indirect mediating effect of social phobia was confirmed, and the size of the indirect effect was 0.14 (0.04~0.24). Conclusion: In order to manage the social and psychological health of university students who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic period, it is necessary to develop strategies to overcome endemic blue that reduce social interaction anxiety and take into account the mediating effect of social phobia.