• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2011

The low temperature characteristics of automotive diesel have been legally regulated due to the fact that solid particle in diesel at low temperature can cause severe problems in the vehicle. The biodiesel is well known for eco-friendly fuel, which is one of the most popular alternative petrodiesel, but it is easy to solidified at low temperature than petrodiesel at low temperature. For that reason, in this study, we investigated the low temperature fuel characteristics of diesel-biodiesel blends which were prepared to mix 6 different kinds of biodiesel to winter diesel fuel, respectively. Also, we confirmed to improve low temperature fuel characteristics by pour point depressant.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

The vast stores of biomass available in the worldwide have the potential to displace significant amounts of petroleum fuels. Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of several paths by which we can convert biomass to higher value products. The wood pyrolysis oil (WPO) has been regarded as an alternative fuel for petroleum fuels to be used in diesel engine. However, the use of WPO in a diesel engine requires modifications due to low energy density, high water contents, high acidity, high viscosity, and low cetane number of the WPO. One possible method by which the shortcomings may be circumvented is to co-fire WPO with other petroleum fuels. WPO has poor miscibility with light petroleum fuel oils; the most suitable candidates fuels for direct fuel mixing are methanol or ethanol. Early mixing with methanol or ethanol has the added benefit of significantly improving the storage and handling properties of the WPO. For separate injection co-firing, a WPO-ethanol blended fuel can be fired through diesel pilot injection in a dual-injection dieel engine. In this study, the performance and emission characteristics of a dual-injection diesel engine fuelled with diesel (pilot injection) and WPO-ethanol blend (main injection) were experimentally investigated. Results showed that although stable engine operation was possible with separate injection co-firing, the fuel conversion efficiency was slightly decreased due to high water contents of WPO compare to diesel combustion.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2012

The vast stores of biomass available in the worldwide have the potential to displace significant amounts of fuels that are currently derived from petroleum sources. Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of possible paths by which we can convert biomass to higher value products. The wood pyrolysis oil (WPO), also known as the bio crude oil (BCO), has been regarded as an alternative fuel for petroleum fuels to be used in diesel engine. However, the use of WPO in a diesel engine requires modifications due to low energy density, high water contents, low acidity, and high viscosity of the WPO. One of the easiest way to adopt WPO to diesel engine without modifications is emulsification of WPO with diesel or bio diesel. In this study, a DI diesel engine operated with diesel, bio diesel (BD), WPO/BD emulsion was experimentally investigated. Performance and gaseous & particle emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by WPO/BD emulsion were examined. Results showed that stable engine operation was possible with emulsion and engine output power was comparable to diesel and bio diesel operation.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2014

Pyrolysis oil (PO), also known as Bio crude oil (BCO), has the potential to displace significant amounts of fuels that are currently derived from petroleum sources. PO has been regarded as an alternative fuel for petroleum fuels to be used in diesel engine. However, the use of PO in a diesel engine requires modifications due to low energy density, high water contents, low acidity, and high viscosity of the PO. One of the easiest way to adopt PO to diesel engine without modifications is emulsification of PO with the fuels that has higher cetane number. However, PO that has high amount of polar chemicals is immiscible with non polar hydrocarbons of diesel. Thus, to stabilize a homogeneous phase of diesel-PO blends, a proper surfactant should be used. In this study, a DI diesel engine operated with diesel and diesel-PO emulsions was experimentally investigated. Performance and gaseous & particle emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by diesel-PO emulsions were examined. Results showed that stable engine operation was possible with the emulsions and engine output power was comparable to diesel operation.

• 분석과학
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.512-518
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• 2006

화재원인물질을 규명하기 위해 화재현장에서 수거된 물을 포함한 증거물로부터 석유류를 용매추출하여 기체크로마토그래피법으로 분석하였다. 다량의 수분을 포함한 증거물에서 석유류를 추출하기 위해, HPLC 용 n-hexane을 10.0 mL를 가하여 30분간 흔들어준 다음 일정시간 방치한 후 n-hexane 층을 분리하고 기체크로마토그래피에 주입하여 크로마토그램을 얻었다. 얻어진 시료의 크로마토그램과 시너, 휘발유, 난방용 등유, 보일러 등유 및 경유를 n-hexane에 첨가하여 만든 인공시료의 크로마토그램과 비교하였다. 시료의 크로마토그램은 비교적 끓는점이 낮은 시너와 휘발유의 크로마토그램과 확연히 차이가 났으며, 난방용 등유와 보일러용 등유는 머무름 시간에 따라 다른 피크 패턴을 보였다. 이에 비해 경유의 크로마토그램과는 유사한 피크패턴을 보였고, 시료에 일정량의 경유를 첨가한 후 측정한 시료의 크로마토그램에서는 특징적인 피크의 면적이 증가하는 현상을 관찰할 수 있어 시료에 포함된 석유류가 경유라고 예측할 수 있었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.508-516
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• 2011

Hydrotreated biodiesel(HBD) is paraffinic bio-based liquid, with the chemical structure $C_nH_{2n+2}$, originating from vegetable oil(the process can also be applied to animal fat). The oil or fat is treated in a number of process, the most important being hydrogenation, in order to create a bio-based liquid diesel fuel. During the hydrogenation, oxygen is removed from the triglyceride and converted into water. Propane is formed as a by product and can be combusted and used for energy production. HBD can be used in conventional diesel engines, pure or blended with conventional diesel, due to its similar physical properties to diesel. This study reports the quality characteristics with chemical and physical properties as an alternative diesel fuel. Especially, HBD showed higher cetane value and number than FAME, and it is consisted of $C_{15}$ - $C_{18}$ n-paraffinic compounds. We also describes quality characteristics of HBD blends(2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 vol%) in automotive diesel. HBD blends(max. 20 vol%) were the limit by the Korean specification due to poor low temperature characteristics.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1134-1144
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• 2018

세탄가는 경유의 품질기준 중 하나로써 디젤엔진에 사용되는 경유 연료의 착화성을 평가하는 항목이다. 세탄가 기준은 현재 자동차용 경유 기준으로 52 이상이며, 일반적으로 세탄가가 높으면 시동성이 좋고 운전이 원활해지나 지나치게 높으면 연소가 불균일해져 매연의 원인이 되고 연료소비량이 증가한다. 현재 국내의 품질시험방법에 규정되어있는 세탄가 측정방법은 CFR엔진을 이용한 세탄가분석, 경유의 밀도와 증류유출온도를 통하여 세탄가를 산출하는 세탄지수, CFR엔진의 단점을 보완하여 고온에서 연료의 연소되는 시간을 통해 세탄가를 측정하는 유도세탄가 등이 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 세탄가를 정유사별, 하 동절기별 시료를 확보하고 이를 분석하여 다양한 인자들에 의한 세탄가 측정방법의 상관관계에 대하여 분석하였다. 이를 통하여 세탄가, 유도세탄가, 세탄지수 순으로 세탄가가 높게 측정 되는 것을 확인하였고, 이를 통하여, 현재 편의성을 이유로 많이 사용되는 세탄지수로 인하여 세탄가 품질미달이 발생할 수 있기 때문에 이에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1076-1084
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• 2017

석유제품 내의 식별제를 정성 정량분석하기 위해 HPLC의 적용가능성을 연구하였다. 등유와 자동차용 경유에 함유된 식별제의 정성분석을 위해 HPLC에서 최적의 분석조건(이동상 용매의 비율, 유속 등)을 선정하고, 이를 바탕으로 식별제의 정량분석을 위한 검량곡선을 작성하였다. 특히, 일정 농도 범위에서의 등유는 4.75분에서, 그리고 자동차용 경유는 4.17분의 머무름시간(retention time)을 나타내었고, 등유와 자동차용 경유의 검량곡선 상관계수($R^2$)가 0.999 이상을 나타내어 정량분석에 적용 가능할 것으로 나타났다. 현행 식별제의 분석방법인 UV/Vis 분광광도계를 이용한 분석결과와 비교분석을 실시하였고, 등유의경우 약 7 %의 낮은 편차를 보였으며, 자동차용 경유의 경우 약 20 %의 다소 큰 편차를 확인하였다.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Bio diesel has advantages to reduce GHG(Greenhouse Gas) compare with the fossil fuel by using oil comes from plant/animal sources and even waste such as used cook oil. The diversity of energy feeds brings the positive effects to secure the national energy mix. In this circumstance, micro-algae is one of the prospective source, though some technical barriers. We analyzed the bio diesel which was derived from Dunaliella tertiolecta LB999 through the BD100 quality specifications designated by the law. From that result, it is revealed that the oxidation stability is one of the properties to be improved. In order to find the reason for low oxidation stability, we analyzed the oxidation tendency of each FAME components through some methods(EN 14111, EN14112, EN16091). In this study, we could find the higher double bond FAME portion, the more oxidative property(C18:1${\ll}C18:3$) in bio diesel and main unsaturated FAME group is acted as the key component deciding the bio diesel's oxidation stability. It is proved experimentally that C18:3 FAME are oxidized easily under the modified accelerated oxidation test. We also figure out low molecular weight hydrocarbon and FAME were founded as a result of thermal degradation. Some alcohol and aldehydes were also made by FAME oxidation. In conclusion, it is necessary to find the way to improve the micro-algal bio diesel's oxidation stability.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.102-112
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• 2012

The vast stores of biomass available in the worldwide have the potential to displace significant amounts of fuels that are currently derived from petroleum sources. Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of possible paths by which we can convert biomass to higher value products. The wood pyrolysis oil (WPO), also known as the bio crude oil (BCO), have been regarded as an alternative fuel for petroleum fuels to be used in diesel engine. However, the use of BCO in a diesel engine requires modifications due to low energy density, high water contents, low acidity, and high viscosity of the BCO. One of the easiest way to adopt BCO to diesel engine without modifications is emulsification of BCO with diesel and bio diesel. In this study, a diesel engine operated with diesel, bio diesel (BD), BCO/diesel, BCO/bio diesel emulsions was experimentally investigated. Performance and gaseous & particle emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by BCO emulsions were examined. Results showed that stable engine operation was possible with emulsions and engine output power was comparable to diesel and bio diesel operation. However, in case of BCO/diesel emulsion operation, THC & CO emissions were increased due to the increased ignition delay and poor spray atomization and NOx & Soot were decreased due to the water and oxygen in the fuel. Long term validation of adopting BCO in diesel engine is still needed because the oil is acid, with consequent problems of corrosion and clogging especially in the injection system.