• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.796-801
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• 2010

This study was carried out to establish a system for mutation breeding by irradiation of gamma-ray in $Rosa$ $hybrida$ Hort. The rooted cuttings of two roses, 'Spidella' and 'Cabernet' were irradiated with different gamma-ray doses (0, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150 and 170 Gy) from a $^{60}Co$ source to reveal an optimal dose for induction of mutants. The irradiated plants were planted in a greenhouse, and investigated on the appearance of petal color mutants and shoot growth by gamma ray dose. The 50% lethal doses ($LD_{50}$) of plant were 110 Gy for 'Spidella' and 150 Gy for 'Cabernet', respectively. The 50% decrease dose of shoot length was observed at 70-90 Gy dose for 'Spidella', and 110 Gy dose for 'Cabernet'. Solid, chimeric and mosaic petal mutants with various colors were induced from pink petal of 'Spidella' and red petal of 'Cabernet' when 30-170 Gy dose was irradiated. The mutants obtained from 'Spidella' had white, ivory, pinky ivory, light pink and deep pink petal colors. The mutants obtained from 'Cabernet' had pink, deep pink, purple red (magenta), orange red and purple petal colors. It was suitable to irradiate 70-90 Gy dose for 'Spidella' and 90-110 Gy dose for 'Cabernet' for the induction of various mutants considering plant survival rate, shoot growth and mutant occurrence rate.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.2145-2150
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• 2003

Ejector system is one of fluid machinery which can entrain the fluid in low pressure part and transport it to the higher pressure part. The ejector system has been widely used for the purpose of obtaining high-vacuum state, fluid transport, thrust augmentation, etc. It can transport a large capacity of fluid with relatively small device of no any moving parts, and thus seldom causes mechanical troubles. However, the conventional ejector system has been pointed out that its overall efficiency is quite low compared with other fluid machinery since it is derived by only the pure shear stresses. In the present study, 4, 6, and 8 lobed petal nozzles with a design Mach number of 1.7 are adopted as a primary nozzle to improve the ejector performance, and are compared with a conventional circular nozzle. The static pressures along the diffuser wall are measured to qualify the flow field inside the supersonic petal ejector system.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.456-460
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• 2011

This study was carried out to compare the pattern of mutant variation and to evaluate the characteristics of mutants obtained by gamma irradiation in rose 'Kardinal'. Forty four rooted cuttings of 'Kardinal' were irradiated at 70 Gy gamma-ray dose from a $^{60}Co$ source to induce mutants in 2002. The irradiated plants were planted in field, and observed spotting of petal color mutants from 2002 to 2004. Four different kinds of mutant twigs with each different color flower were obtained from the irradiated 'Kardinal' with red petal. After being identified to be a stable mutant from 2004 to 2008, each mutant line propagated by cutting was hydroponic-cultured to evaluate the characteristics in the greenhouse from 2008 to 2009. Four mutant lines obtained from 'Kardinal' with red petal (Red group, 44A, 45B) include KA1 with light pink petal (Red group, 55B-55D), KA2 with pink petal (Red group, 63A-63B), KA3 with deep pink (Red purple, N57A-N57C), and KA4 with orange red (Red group, 43A-43B). Diameters of each flower in four mutant lines were different from 'Kardinal'. The line KA1 was 9.5 cm wide, and it showed the smallest diameter when compared to other mutants. While the line KA2 was the largest one with 12.5 cm 'Kardinal'. Petal number per flower was also variable among the mutants. The line KA2 had 39.8 petals being the largest number among the mutants, while the line KA1 was the lowest one compared to 35.5 petals of 'Kardinal'. Petal color was measured by using colorimeter. Brightness (L) measured at each petal of four mutants increased more than 'Kardinal'. CIE Lab values, a and b decreased more than 'Kardinal' at the petal color of three mutants except the line KA4. Characteristics of shoot, leaf, etc. from four mutants were also different from the ones of 'Kardinal'. The line KA1 was shortest in shoot, node and peduncle length, and lowest in prickle number. The reverse side of leaves was reddish green color in 'Kardinal' as well as the line KA4, but green color in the line KA1, KA2, and KA3.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2000

The anthocyanin gene encoding flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase(F3,5H) was normally expressed in Nicotiana tobacco (Xanthi) plants cocultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 carrying egg plant flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase cDNA. Northern blot analysis showed the normal expression of F3', 5'H gene from transgenic plants. Here we found the phenotypic differences between transgenic plants and wild-type plants. The petal shape of transgenic plants showed more round shape and around petal tube area was compared to that of wild-type tobacco plants. And the petal color of transgenic plants was much lighter than that of wild-type tobacco plants.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.195-200
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• 2003

A two-dimensional "twin-jet counterflow" burner has been designed for the better understanding of the stability of turbulent flames. This flow system enables one to systematically investigate various effects on non-premixed flames, including the effects of curvature, negative strain, and non-premixed flame interactions. The objective of this study is comparing characteristics of extinction of non-premixed methane flames with that of non-premixed propane flames investigated previously. The extinction limit of non-premixed methane and propane flames can be extended compare to that for the conventional counterflow non-premixed flame because of the existence of petal shaped flame and have same structure. The hysteresis in transition between the petal shaped flame and the curved two-wing flames could be observed. We could find differences between non-premixed methane flame and non-premixe propane flame such as the position of one wing extinction and the regime of one wing extinction.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2003

Brassinosteroids are known to promote cell elongation in a wide range of plant species but their effect on cell division has not been extensively studied. The effect of brassinolide on the kinetics and final division frequencies of regenerating petal protoplasts of Petunia hybrida Vilm v. Comanche was examined. Under optimal auxin and cytokinin conditions, 10-100 nM brassinolide not only reduced the time of first cell division by 4.5 days but also altered the final division frequencies after 10 days of culture. One micromolar brassinolide showed the same acceleration of first cell division but inhibited the final division frequency by approximately 9%. Under sub-optimal auxin conditions, 10-100 nM brassinolide accelerated the first cell division, but no significant increase in the 8-10 days final division frequencies. Isolated protoplasts may provide a useful model system for the investigation of the molecular mechanisms of brassinosteroid action on cell division and proliferation in higher plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2003

Brassinosteroids are known to promote cell elongation in a wide range of plant species but their effect on cell division has not been extensively studied. The effect of brassinolide on the kinetics and final division frequencies of regenerating petal protoplasts of Petunia hybrida Vilm v. Comanche was examined. Under optimal auxin and cytokinin conditions, 10-100 nM brassinolide not only reduced the time of first cell division by 4.5 days but also altered the final division frequencies after 10 days of culture. One micromolar brassinolide showed the same acceleration of first cell division but inhibited the final division frequency by approximately 9%. Under sub-optimal auxin conditions, 10-100 nM brassinolide accelerated the first cell division, but no significant increase in the 8-10 days final division frequencies. Isolated protoplasts may provide a useful model system for the investigation of the molecular mechanisms of brassinosteroid action on cell division and proliferation in higher plants.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.543-551
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• 2020

Red rose petals are usually disposed but they are an abundant source of phenolics and traditionally used as food supplement and as herbal medicine. Of the Various phenolics, they are known to have anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of red rose ethanolic extracts(GRP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The results demonstrated that pretreatment of GRP(500㎍/mL) significantly reduced NO production by suppressing iNOS protein expression in LPS-stimulated cells. Anti-inflammatory effects byred rose petal were observed in the following. Red rose petal inhibited the translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus via the suppression of IκB-α phosphorylation and also inhibited LPS-stimulated NF-κB transcriptional activity. These findings suggest that red rose petal exert anti-inflammatory actions and help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the potential therapeutic values of red rose petal. Therefore, red rose petal could be regarded as a potential source of natural anti-inflammatory agents.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.360-367
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: The productivity and quality of blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) greatly depend on the number of fruits in a plant. Especially, fruit set more than appropriate number negatively affects productivity and marketability due to the increased number of small fruits and delayed harvest time. This study was conducted to investigate proper timing and concentration for applying chemical blossom thinners such as ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) and UREA. METHODS AND RESULTS: ATS at 1.25% and 1.50%, and UREA at 6% and 8% were applied in four developmental stages, bud swell, pink bud, full bloom and petal fall. Fruit thinning rate was calculated based on the number of fruits harvested divided by that of flowers before applying blossom thinners. Ratios of leaf to flower and leaf to fruit were calculated based on the number of fully developed leaves in 25 days after full blossom divided by that of flowers or fruits, respectively. Chemical injury of leaves was investigated by calculating the number of leaves with chemical injury divided by the total number of leaves. Fruit thinning rates were 48% and 66% for UREA treatments at 6% and 8%, respectively, and 49% and 62% for ATS treatments at 1.25% and 1.50%, respectively, in the full bloom stage. In the petal fall stage, fruit thinning rates were 18% and 24% for UREA treatments at 6% and 8%, respectively, and 49% and 35% for ATS treatments at 1.25% and 1.50%, respectively. Leaf to fruit ratio (L/FR) increased by 109% and 188% compared to leaf to flower ratio in ATS treatments at 1.25% and 1.50%, respectively, and L/FR increased 93 and 196% in UREA treatments at 6% and 8%, respectively, in the full bloom stage. In the petal fall stage, leaf to fruit ratio increased by 60% to 100% in ATS treatments, but did not significantly differ from the control in UREA treatments. Fruit harvest was delayed in all treatments of all developmental stages except for 1.5% ATS and 6% UREA treatments at the petal fall stage, whose fruit harvest was two or three days faster than the control. CONCLUSION: The application of ATS and UREA for blossom thinning should be in the petal fall and full bloom stages for early and late harvest, respectively. Considering chemical injury, integrated harvesting and fruit size, however, it is appropriate to apply ATS at 1.5% in the petal fall stage to increase fruit productivity and quality in blueberry.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.123-125
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• 2005

A new variety, Geranium koraiense var. hallasanense B.-J. Woo & S.-J. Park, is described here from Jeju Island, Korea. The new variety is distributed only in Jeju Island, and readily distinguished from the other varieties of G. koraiense by its shape of radical leaf division, rounded or undulate petal apex, glabrous petal veins, densely pubescent stems, and stylar portion pubescent with trichomes in basal 1/4 portion. A key to the varieties of G. koraiense is provided.