• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare permeation characteristics in three skin types using oil-soluble benzoic acid and water-soluble caffeine after method condition optimization based on OECD guideline 428. Methods: A Franz diffusion cell, a reliable alternative method for skin permeation, was used. One-milliliter samples were taken and immediately replaced with fresh solution in the receptor chamber at regular time intervals (1, 2, 4, 7, 10 and 24 hr). The amount of test substances was measured by LC-MS/MS. Results: The permeation rate increased dose-dependently, and the permeation orders were $KeraSkin^{TM}$ > hairless mouse full skin > human cadaver epidermis for skin types, and benzoic acid solution > caffeine solution > benzoic acid cream > caffeine cream for type of test materials. Conclusion: According to the definitions of Marzulli, benzoic acid and caffeine would be classified as 'fast' and 'moderate' compared with the permeation of other chemical species. The setting conditions and permeation characteristics performed in this study are expected to contribute to future permeation studies.

• 멤브레인
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.141-150
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• 1999

비다공성막을 통한 기체 투광성분의 투과 transient와 투과 조성을 on-line 방식으로 측정할 수 있는 기체 투과장치를 개발하였다. 측정은 연속흐름방식으로 이루어지며 측정한 투과 transien로부터 여러 가지의 투과특성, 즉, 투과계수, 확산계수, 용해계수 등을 동시에 평가할 수 있다. 잘 알려진 유리상 고분자인 두 가지 폴리이드막과 고무상의 고분자인 실리콘막을 선택하여 여러 가지의 기체투과 특성들을 측정하여 문헌치와 비교함으로써 투과장치 및 측정방법에 대한 신뢰성, 정확성을 확인하였다. 또한 측정한 투과 transient를 분석함으로써 막을 통한 기체 투과거동을 좀더 자세하게 다양하게 분석할 수가 있다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2000

투과증발공정에서 polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)막에 대한 용매의 수착특성과 투과 플럭스를 예측하는 방법을 제시하였다. 이 방법을 이용하여 chloroform, toluene, methoanol, n-butanol의 수착량과 투과 플럭스를 계산하였으며, 계산값과 실험값을 비교하였다. 팽윤을 촉진시키는 정용매(good solvent)인 toluene과 chloroform의 경우 계산된 수착량과 투과 플럭스는 실험값과 잘 일치하였다. 막의 밀도가 작을수록 수착량과 투과 플럭스는 증가하였다. 팽윤을 억제시키는 부용매(poor solvent)인 methanol, n-butanol의 경우는 실험값과 상당한 오차가 있었다. 따라서, 본 미케니즘에 의해 PDMS막에 대한 정용매의 수착량과 투과 플럭스는 실험에 의하지 않고도 이론적으로 예측할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2008

Transdermal therapeutic system(TTS) is often used as the method of drug dosage into the epidermic skin. Natural polymer were selected as ointment material of TTS. We investigated the permeation of natural polymer ointment containing drug in rat skin using horizontal membrane cell model. Permeation properties of materials were investigated for water-soluble drug such as Nicotinic acid N-oxide in vitro. These results showed that skin permeation rate of drug across the composite was mainly dependent on the property of ointment base and drug. Proper selection of the polymeric materials which resemble and enhance properties of the delivering drug was found to be important in controlling the skin permeation rate. This result suggests a possible use of natural polymer ointment base as TTS of antihyperlipoproteinemic agent.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.779-782
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• 1999

This study was carried out to estimate the effects of the loading conditions on the corrosion of reinforcing bars and permeation of chloride ion. The permeation of chlorides depends not only on the transfer properties in concrete but also on the load applied in the case of reinforced concrete structures. Recent studies reported that the loading conditions affected the corrosion rate of the reinforcing bars under existence of an external current supply. But it was not reported that loading conditions affected corrosion of reinforcing bar caused by the characteristics of permeation and the process of cracking. In this experiment, it was shown that the corrosion of reinforcing bars and the characteristics of permeating were greatly affected by the loading conditions.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.72-78
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• 1998

For investigation into gas permeation characteristics, the porous alumina membrane with asymmetrical structure, having upper layer with 10 nanometer under of pore diameter and lower layer with 36 nanometer of pore diameter, was prepared by anodic oxidation using DC power supply of constant current mode in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. The aluminium plate was pre-treated with thermal oxidation, chemical polishing and electrochemical polishing before anodic oxidation. Because the pore size depended upon the electrolyte, electrolyte concentration, temperature, current density, and so on, the the membranes were prepared by controling the current density, as a very low current density for upper layer of membrane and a high current density for lower layer of membrane. By control of current quantity, the thicknesses of upper layer of membranes were about $6{\;}{\mu}m$ and the total thicknesses of membranes were about $80-90{\;}{\mu}m$. We found that the mechanism of gas permeation depended on model of the Knudsen flow for the membrane prepared at each condition.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2001

Ultrafiltration membranes base on copoly(amide-imide) derivatives were prepared by the phase inversion method and the factors determining the permeation characteristics of membrane were investigated. The permeation behavior was observed by the relative ratio of permeate flux (J$\_$t/)/pure water flux (J$\_$o/). The characteristics through membrane were measured using aqueous solution of poly(ethyleneglycol) (MW 2.0$\times$10$\^$4/) over a temperature range of 10∼90$\^{C}$. With increasing the operating temperature, the relative ratio of flux became high. All the membranes had good chemical stability. Copoly(amide-imide) membranes having various Permeation properties could be obtained. Further, it was proved that the membrane performances could be determined from the preparation conditions as well as various operating conditions.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 및 제14회 신소재 심포지엄
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• pp.11.1-11.1
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• 2008

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2006

This study conducted the following experiment to examine and compare transdermal permeation effects according to parameters of ultrasound and physiochemical characteristics of meloxicam. Permeation by ultrasound among these experimental drugs was relatively higher and it was involved in COX-2 inhibition unlike other drugs. Recently use of oral agents has been rapidly increased, but it was not generalized to transdermal agent and this study selected meloxicam that transdermal permeation research using ultrasound was not performed and conducted transdermal permeation experiment with skin of hairless mouse and analyzed permeation with HPLC. It made gel first and analyzed permeation depending on frequency and intensity of ultrasound of meloxicam with the same experimental procedures as the above experiment. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. Transdermal permeation by ultrasound frequency was higher in 1.0 MHz and it was higher as intensity increased. In comparison by parameters of ultrasound, there was similar permeation in $1.0\;W/cm^2$ of continuous mode and $3.0\;W/cm^2$ of pulsed mode and it was effective to high intensity for using pulsed mode. It was found that duty cycle of ultrasound affected transdermal permeation in meloxicam gel used in this experiment and transdermal permeation was higher in used ultrasound as phonophoresis than non-ultrasound for anti-inflammatory effects.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1995

Transdermal patch formulations of estradiol to treat post-menopausal symptoms and prevent osteoporosis in women were developed and evaluated for the permeation characteristics through the excised hairless mouse abdorminal skin and the uterotropic effect on the ovariectomized rabbits. The design of patch formulations was optimized by varying several formulation parameters, such as type of enhancers, amount of enhancers, amount of drug loading and coating thickness. Compared to a commercially available transdermal product, several patch formulations showed the similar skin permeation profiles (following zero-order kinetics), but their skin permeation rates were lasted for the longer period (a week). In one-week uterotropic efficacy test in the ovariectimized rabbits, the selected patch formulations showed the positive effect in atrophy of the urogenital epithelium. The mean values of uterus weight in rabbits after application of patches containing estradiol were much higher than those in control group (containing no drug).