• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2017

Objectives: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) constitute the first line of defense against invading microbial pathogens. Early events in inflammation involve the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of injury or damage where changes in intracellular calcium can cause the activation of pro-inflammatory mediators from neutrophils including superoxide generation, degranulation and release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), productions of interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), and adhesion to the vascular endothelium. To address the anti-inflammatory role of flavonoids, in the present study, we investigated the effects of the flavonoids quercetin and vitexin on the stimulus-induced nitric oxide (NO), $TNF-{\alpha}$, and MPO productions in human neutrophils. Methods: Human peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated, and their viabilities were determined by using the Trypan Blue exclusion test. The polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) preparations contained more than 98% neutrophils as determined by morphological examination with Giemsa staining. The viabilities of cultured neutrophils with various concentrations of quercetin and vitexin ($1-100{\mu}M$) were studied using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Neutrophils were cultured in complete Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium, pre-incubated with or without quercetin and vitexin ($25{\mu}M$) for 45 min, and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) ($10^{-7}M$). NO production was carried out through nitrite determination by using the Griess method. Also, the $TNF-{\alpha}$ and the MPO productions were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and MPO assay kits. Results: Neutrophil viability was not affected up to a concentration of $100{\mu}M$ of quercetin or vitexin. Both quercetin and vitexin significantly inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}$, NO, and MPO productions in human neutrophils (P < 0.001). Conclusion:The present study showed that both quercetin and vitexin had significant anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, treatment with either quercetin or vitexin may be considered as a therapeutic strategy for treating patients with neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.54-54
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• 2003

The activation of protooncogenes or the inactivation of their gene products may be a specific and effective functional study for human neoplasia. To examine this possibility, we have used the tetracycline regulatory system to generate transgenic mice that conditionally express the HccR-2 protooncogene in vivo. The new human cervical cancer protooncogene (HccR-2) was detected from cervical cancer cell line. To elucidate its biological functions, we generated transgenic mice that expressed the HccR-2 gene. The sustained expression of the HccR-2 transgene culminated chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL). CNL is a rare chronic myeloproliferative disorder that presents as a sustained, mature neutrophilic leukocytosis with few or no circulating immature granulocytes, the absence of peripheral blood monocytosis, basophilia, or eosinophilia, and infiltration of neutrophils at the liver, spleen and kidney. Mice expressing the HccR-2 and tetracycline-transactivating protein (tTa) transgene were found to have altered myeloid development that was characterized by increased percentages of mature neutrophil and band form neutrophil in the peripheral blood, liver and spleen. Activation of the transgene causes CNL. In our model, expression of HccR-2 transgene mice was similar in many respects to the human CNL. This model will be valuable not only for investigating the biological properties of the HccR-2 and other protooncogenes in vivo but also for analyzing the mechanism involved in the progression of CNL.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2012

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of red ginseng (RG) on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced side effects focusing on myelosuppression. Methods: Rats (n = 50) were divided into five groups, nave, control (ip, 5-FU injection of 150 mg/kg), and RG pre-treatment (po, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg for 5 days before 5-FU injection). On the $7^{th}$ day after 5-FU injection, we evaluated the effects using peripheral hematological parameters, colony-forming assay, cytokine levels and histopathological finding. Results: The peripheral white blood cell and the differential count were dramatically suppressed by 5-FU, while RG (50 and 100 mg/kg) treatment significantly improved total white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet counts. Also, RG (100 mg/kg) pre-treatment significantly increased the number of CFU-GM colony compared with the control group. RG pre-treatment also ameliorated the histopathological damage in bone marrow, spleen, stomach and small intestine tissue. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that Korean RG has preventive effects against 5-FU-induced myelotoxicity and gastrointestinal damage.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2010

The present study was undertaken to establish reference values for the composition blood lymphocyte populations and compare forty three Hanwoo neonatal calves (KC) with twenty one Holstein calves (HC) by blood cell count and immunophynotying. The percentages of CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, CD26+, ACT2+, MHC class, MHC class II and WC1+ T cells, B cells were determined by flow cytometry. The number of lymphocyte and monocyte in HC were higher than those of KC. However, the number of neutrophils was higher in HC than KC. The proportions of CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, MHC class, and WC1+ lymphocytes remained relatively stable during the study period, while there was a moderate increase in the relative percentage of CD26+, ACT2+, MHC class II and B cell from birth to approximately 3 weeks of age. Marked differences in the relative proportions of the lymphocyte subpopulations were noted between the individual calves. The present study shows that the T-cell subpopulations are present in peripheral blood of KC at levels comparable with HC, while the MHC class II and B cell population of KC increases significantly with age. The absolute number of WBC in KC was due to the decrease of absolute number of neutrophil rather than the increase of lymphocyte. The results indicated that KC have significantly higher number of neutrophils, and proportion of MHC class II and B cell than HC.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2002

This study was performed to know the effects of stress induced by the daily fluctuation of water temperture from 18$^{\circ}C$ to 25$^{\circ}C$ up and down for 30 days on the defence mechanism of olive flounder. Puralichthys olivaceus. To make clear the temperature stress on the defense mechanism of the tested fish. several factors of immune response such as counting of leucocyte appearance in peripheral blood, phagocytic activity in whole blood cells, nitroblue tetrazolium(NBT) reduction, chemiluminescence(CL) response, and lysozyme activity were investigated at 28 days after giving the change of water temperature. The fish was controlled under the none feeding condition during experimental period. Mortality of the tested fish was rapidly increased up to 22% within the first one week of the experimental period without any additional stress factors. The number of neutrophil of peripheral blood in the tested group was significantly higher than the control group at the 2nd week. but the number of lymphocyte was significantly lower than the control group at the 1st and 3rd day of the experimental period. respectively. In the NBT reduction test, the activity of macrophage in the control group fish was the highest on the 7th day while that in the tested group was on the 3rd day. Also. the phagocytosis of tested group against formalin killed cells was retarded compared with the control. CL response of the tested group was significantly lower from 2nd to 5lh day of the experimental period than the control. 'The lysozyme activity of tested group was remained higher during the experimental period than the control. Even though the tested fish showed different results in some non-specific factors of immune respceses between tested and control group fish, olive flounder seems highly adaptable in repealed water temperature change in condition after one week under the given temperature fluctuation range.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2024

Objective : Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major cause of disability in patients who survive aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Systemic inflammatory markers, such as peripheral leukocyte count and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) score, have been considered predictors of DCI in previous studies. This study aims to investigate which systemic biomarkers are significant predictors of DCI. Methods : We conducted a retrospective, observational, single-center study of 170 patients with SAH admitted between May 2018 and March 2022. We analyzed the patients' clinical and laboratory parameters within 1 hour and 3-4 and 5-7 days after admission. The DCI and non-DCI groups were compared. Variables showing statistical significance in the univariate logistic analysis (p<0.05) were entered into a multivariate regression model. Results : Hunt-Hess grade "4-5" at admission, modified Fisher scale grade "3-4" at admission, hydrocephalus, intraventricular hemorrhage, and infection showed statistical significance (p<0.05) on a univariate logistic regression. Lymphocyte and monocyte count at admission, SII scores and C-reactive protein levels on days 3-4, and leukocyte and neutrophil counts on days 5-7 exhibited statistical significance on the univariate logistic regression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that monocyte count at admission (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-2.65; p=0.036) and SII score at days 3-4 (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.02-2.47; p=0.049) were independent predictors of DCI. Conclusion : Monocyte count at admission and SII score 3-4 days after rupture are independent predictors of clinical deterioration caused by DCI after aSAH. Peripheral monocytosis may be the primer for the innate immune reaction, and the SII score at days 3-4 can promptly represent the propagated systemic immune reaction toward DCI.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.691-702
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• 2000

연구배경 : 내독소 유도성 급성 폐손상(acute lung injury : ALI)은 비교적 임상에서 흔히 접하는 호흡기질환으로서, 조기에 적절한 치료가 이루어지지 않을 경우 예후가 좋지 않은 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 최근 몇 가지 보조치료약제가 임상에서 사용되고 있기는 하지만, 아직 ALI를 효과적으로 치료할 수 있는 약제는 개발되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구지들은 최근 ALI의 새로운 보조치료약제로서의 가능성이 대두 pentoxifylline (PF) 및 ONO-5046(specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor)이 백서의 내독소 유도성 ALI와 관련된 염증반응에 대해 어떤 효과를 나타내는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 내독소 유도성 ALI의 생체외(in vitro) 모델을 확립하기 위해 백서의 폐포대식세포 및 말초혈액 호중구를 다양한 비율(1:0, 5:1, 1:1, 1:5, 0:1)로 혼합하여 내독소 자극 하에서 백서의 폐포상피세포주(L2 cells) 혹은 혈관내피세포주(IP2-E4 cells)와 함께 혼합 배양하였다. 모든 실험은 5군(대조군, LPS군, LPS+PF군, LPS+ONO군, LPS+PF+ONO군)으로 나누어 비교하였는데, 우선 다양한 비율로 혼합된 백서 폐포대식세포 및 말초혈액 호중구의 배양상층액으로부터 내독소 유도성 과산화음이온 생성능을 측정하고, 이들 염증세포들이 각 폐조직세포에 미치는 세포독성능을 측정하였다. 아울러 백서의 폐포대식세포로부터 내독소 유도성 TNF-$\alpha$, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-10 분비 및 TNF-$\alpha$ iNOS, MCP-1 mRNA 발현을 관찰하였다. 결과 : (1) 세포혼합비가 1:5일 때 LPS+PF+ONO군을 제외하고는 세포혼합비에 상관없이 LPS+PF군, LPS+ONO군 및 LPS+PF+ONO군 모두에서 각 세포혼합비의 LPS군에 비해 백서 폐포대식세포와 말초혈액 호중구로부터 내독소 유도성 과산화 음이온 생성능이 억제되는 경향을 보였다. (2) 백서 혈관내피세포(IP2-E4 cells)에 대한 염증세포들의 내독소 유도성 세포독성능은 세포혼합비에 상관없이 LPS+PF군, LPS+ONO군 및 LPS+PF+ONO군 모두에서 각 세포혼합비의 LPS군에 비해 감소하는 경향올 보였다. 하지만 백서 폐포상피세포(L2 cells)에 대한 염증세포들의 내독소 유도성 세포독성능은 세포혼합비 및 각 실험군에 따라 다양한 양상을 보였다. (3) LPS+PF군 및 LPS+PF+ONO군 포두에서 백서 LPS군에 비해 TNF-$\alpha$ 분비가 LPSrns에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 감소되었으며, MCP-1 및 IL-10 분비도 LPS군에 비해 다소 감소 하는 경향을 보였다. 반면에 LPS+ONO군은 LPS군과 비교하여 백서 폐포대식세포로부터 내독소 유도성 cytokines 분비에 별 차이가 없었다. LPS+PF군, LPS+ONO군 및 LPS+PF+ONO군 모두에서 백서 폐포대식세포로부터 내독소 유도성 IL-$1{\beta}$ 및 IL-6 분비는 LPS군에 비해 오히려 증가하는 경향을 보였다. (4) LPS+PF군, LPS+ONO군 및 LPS+PF+ONO군 모두에서 백서 폐포대식셰포로부터 내독소 유도성 TNF-$\alpha$ 및 MCP-l mRNA 발현이 억제되는 경향을 보였으나, iNOS mRNA 발현은 오히려 증가하는 경향을 보였다. pentoxifylline은 백서의 염증세포들로부터 내독소 유도성 과산화 음이온 생성을 억제하였고 폐포대식세포로부터 TNF-$\alpha$ 및 MCP-1 mRNA 발현과 억제하여 폐조직세포 손상을 감소시켰으며 ONO-5046은 과산화 음이온 생성억제 및 TNF-$\alpha$ MCP-1 mRNA 발현억제, MCP-1의 분비를 억제하였을 뿐 아니라 항염증 매개물질인 IL-10 분비를 증가시킴으로써 폐조직세포의 손상을 방지할 수 있음을 확인하였다. pentoxifylline과 ONO-5046의 병용투여시에도 과산화 음이온 생성 및 일부 염증성 물즐의 mRNA의 발현 및 분비를 억제함으로써 폐조직세포의 손상을 방지함을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과들로 보아 PF 및 ONO-5046은 내독소 유도성 ALI의 염증반응을 완화시키는 역할을 하는 것으로 추측되며, 향후 이 약제들은 ALI의 새로운 보조 치료제로 사용하기 위해서는 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되는 바이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.633-642
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• 2009

Neutropenia is defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of <$1,500/{\mu}L$, and the severity of neutropenia generally can be graded as mild ($1,000-1,500/{\mu}L$), moderate ($500-1,000/{\mu}L$), or severe (<500/$\mu{L}$). This stratification aids in predicting the risk of pyogenic infection because the susceptibility to life-threatening infections is significantly increased in patients with prolonged episodes of severe neutropenia. Especially cancer-related neutropenia carry significant mortality. Neutropenia can develop under various conditions such as decreased bone marrow production, the sequestering of neutrophils, and increased destruction of neutrophils in the peripheral blood. Neutropenia is classified according to the etiology as congenital or acquired, with the latter further defined according to the etiology or pathology. The clinical result is increased risk for infection, which is directly proportional to the severity and duration of the neutropenia. The typical workup of neutropenia starts with a 6-week period in which complete blood counts are measured twice weekly to document the persistence of the neutropenia and whether a cyclic pattern is present. When persistent neutropenia is diagnosed and no spontaneous recovery occurs within 3 months, a more extensive evaluation is advised. Treatment is usually unnecessary for most patients with severe neutropenia, as the majority of patients have a good prognosis. However, for patients who have severe and frequent infections, treatment with filgrastim may prevent infectious complications and improve quality of life.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.105-114
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• 1969

This experiment was carried out to study the responses of cellular component of blood and bone marrow to cold and also the changes of coagulation during cooling. Forty-two mongrel dogs were subjected to hypothermia by ice-water surface cooling technique. Lowest body temperature ranged from 21-23 degree. Dogs were divided into 3 groups,Group I, 12 dogs: pentothal anesthesia for 3 hours, Group II, 20 dogs;hypothermic group and Group III,10 dogs;postsplenectomy hypothermic group. Results were summarized as follows: 1. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cell count significantly increased when animals were cooled, and increase was noted in similar magnitude among the animals of Group I. 2. White blood cell count extremely decreased after cooling and effect of splenectomy on white blood cell count was not apparent. No significant changes were seen among Group I. 3. Differential count of white blood cell when cooled showed relative increase of polymorphonuclear neutrophil and decrease of lymphocyte. 4. There was marked decrease of platelets when body temperature reached to 21-23degree and essentially. no changes was noted in Group I. 5. Clotting time, bleeding time, plasma prothrombin time, recalcification time, and fibrinolysis showed no significant changes when dogs were cooled. Clot retration and prothrombin consumption during hypothermia appeared to be poor. In Group II, bleeding time decreased after splenctomy and when body temperature was lowered, plasma prothrombin time, clot retraction, and prothrombin consumption decreased. Decreased bleeding time and poor clot retraction were noted in Group I. 6. It was found that megacaryocyte count decreased even though platelet count of peripheral blood markedly diminsished when animals were cooled. There was some tendency of erythroid hyperplasia noted during hypothermia.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.111-114
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• 2005

The present study investigated the prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium parvum as a cause of diarrhea. We examined 942 stools of unidentified reasons occurring in patients in whom no immunosuppression had been detected. We examined the stools for Cryptosporidium parvum via modified acid-fast staining. The clinical records of all of the positive patients were then analyzed. Nine ($1\%$) of the stools among the 942 diarrheal patients were positive for C. parvum. The positive rate in the males was $1.1\%$ (6/522) and the positive rate of the females was $0.7\%$ (3/420). Age distribution revealed that the highest positive rates were in patients in their sixties, with a positive rate of $2.5\%$ (4/158). In the clinical tests, levels of c-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and neutrophil proportions were normally increased in the peripheral blood, whereas the lymphocyte proportion exhibited a tendency towards decrease. The pathological findings were compatible with an inflammatory reaction in the host.