• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2004

Unerupted maxillary anterior teeth is not a common case, However it may present practitioners with management problem. The cause of impaction is considered to be multifactorial, and local cause is the most common. These impacted teeth require surgical intervention, removal, transplantation, or surgical exposure, with or without orthodontic traction to align the malpositioned tooth. The preferred option is surgical exposure and orthodontic correction. Surgical intervention and orthodontic correction should not be delayed to avoid unnecessary difficulties in aligning the tooth in the arch. Surgical exposure should be performed with the intent of providing sufficient attached gingiva rather than simply uncovering the crown, which results in only alveolar mucosal attachment. Attached gingiva is essential to secure the gingival tissues to the adjacent teeth at the dentogingival junction. Thus preventing loss of periodontal tissues as a result of the pull of the surrounding soft tissues and facial muscles. Labially impacted maxillary anterior teeth uncovered with an apically positioned flap technique have more un- esthetic sequelae than those uncovered with a closed-eruption technique. In the case of severly displaced impacted teeth, autotransplantation ensures preservation of the alveolar bone and will facilitate future placement of an osseointegrated implant once growth has ceased or if ankylosis/resorption of the transplant occurs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.615-630
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• 2002

Various long-term studies have shown that titanium implants as abutments for different types of prostheses have become a predictable adjunct in the treatment of partially or fully edentulous patients. The continuous exposure of dental implants to the oral cavity with all its possible contaminants creates a problem. A lack of attachment, together with or caused by bacterial insult, may lead to peri-implantitis and eventual implant failure. Removal of plaque and calculus deposits from dental titanium implants with procedures and instruments originally made for cleaning natural teeth or roots may cause major alterations of the delicate titanium oxide layer. Therefore, the ultimate goal of a cleaning procedure should be to remove the contaminants and restore the elemental composition of the surface oxide without changing the surface topography and harming the surrounding tissues. Among many chemical and mechanical procedure, air-powder abrasive have been known to be most effective for cleaning and detoxification of implant surface. Most of published studies show that the dental laser may be useful in the treatment of pen-implantitis. $CO_2$ laser and Soft Diode laser were reported to kill bacteria of implant surface. The purpose of this study was to obtain clinical guide by application these laser to implant surface by means of Non-contact Surface profilometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) with respect to surface roughness and atomic composition. Experimental rough pure titanium cylinder models were fabricated. All of them was air-powder abraded for 1 minute and they were named control group. And then, the $CO_2$ laser treatment under dry, hydrogen peroxide and wet condition or the Soft Diode laser treatment under Toluidine blue O solution condition was performed on the each of the control models. The results were as follows: 1. Mean Surface roughness(Ra) of all experimental group was decreased than that of control group. But it wasn't statistically significant. 2. XPS analysis showed that in the all experimental group, titanium level were decreased, when compared with control group. 3. XPS analysis showed that the level of oxygen in the experimental group 1, 3($CO_2$ laser treatment under dry and wet condition) and 4(Soft Diode laser was used under toluidine blue O solution) were decreased, when compared with control group. 4. XPS analysis showed that the atomic composition of experimental group 2($CO_2$ laser treatment under hydrogen peroxide) was to be closest to that of control group than the other experimental group. From the result of this study, this may be concluded. Following air-powder abrasive treatment, the $CO_2$ laser in safe d-pulse mode and the Soft Diode laser used with photosensitizer would not change rough titanium surface roughness. Especially, $CO_2$ laser treatment under hydrogen peroxide gave the best results from elemental points of view, and can be used safely to treat peri-implantitis.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.567-578
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• 2007

Statement of problem: The endodontically treated tooth is generally restored with post and core, owing to the brittle and the loss of large amount of tooth structure. As periodontal treatment was developed, there are many cases that periodontally involved teeth used in prosthetic treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution in the dentin and post structures by the various post materials and the amount of remaining alveolar bone height. Material and method: The 3-dimensional finite element models of mandible 1st premolars were divided into six types according to the various amount of remaining alveolar bone and post type. All types were modeled using equal length, diameter and shape of the post. Three types of post and core materials were used: prefabricated titaniumpost and amalgam core, prefabricated stainless steel post and amalgam core, and cast gold post and core. 300 Newton force was applied to functional cusp of mandible 1st premolar. Results: The results were as follows: First, there was no apparent difference in the pattern of stress distribution according to the alveolar bone condition concentrate on the post middle area. Second, there was difference in pattern of stress distribution according to the core materials, gold post and core generated same than amalgam core. Third, there was no apparent difference in the pattern of stress distribution within the dentin according to the post and core materials. But a cast gold post and core generated the lowest maximum stress value, a stainless steel post generated the highest maximum stress value. Fourth, in the reduced alveolar bone model, maximum stress value is 1.5 times than that of the normal alveolar bone model. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, to provide minimal stress to the root with alveolar bone reduced, the post length may be as long as apical seal was not destroyed. To prevent fracture of tooth, it is rational to use gold alloy which material was good for stress distribution for post materials.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2012

Autogenous tooth transplantation can be defined as the surgical movement of a tooth from one position in the mouth to another in the same individual. The most common reasons for tooth transplantation include replacement of a missing first molar, transplantation of impacted canines to their normal positions in the arch, and transplantation of premolars in areas of missing teeth, especially in the anterior area of the mouth. The key to successful tooth transplantation is proper selection of graft with adequate root development as well as the design of surgical operation. Root development stage with half to three-quarter-developed roots increase the success rate of autotransplantation. We report the cases of successful autotransplantation which resulted in ideal healing of periodontal ligament, gingiva and alveolar bone. All transplanted teeth presented immature root formation at the moment of the procedure. After surgical procedure, we can observe good healing pattern without endodontic problem.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.329-336
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• 2007

Toothache is a common complaint in the dental office. Most toothaches have their origin in the pulpal tissues or periodontal structures1). These odontogenic pains are managed well and predictably by dental therapies. One of the most frequent encounters and most confusing phenomena with which the dental diagnostician must deal is the problem of referred pain. The most important step toward proper management of a toothache is to consider that the pain may not be of dental origin. And Patients with orofacial pain, especially those in chronic pain, present a diagnostic and management challenge for the practitioners. There are many structures in the head and neck that can produce heterotopic pains felt in the teeth and other structures. Once referred pain is suspected, the true source of the pain must be located in order to render effective therapy. With increased interest in temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain, many studies of accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis about orofacial pain have been established. The purpose of this paper is to present a case for pansinusitis which produced pain referral in teeth and mimicked the symptoms of migraine.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.555-564
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bioresorbability of Calcium Polyphosphate added with $Na_2O$ and chitosan. Though calcium phosphate ceramics meet some of the needs for bone replacement, they have some limitation of unresorbability and fibrous encapsulation without direct bone apposition during bone remodelling. To solve these problem, we developed a new ceramic, calcium polyphosphate(CPP), and report the biologic response to CPP in extraction sites of beagle dog. Porous CPP granules were prepared by condensation of anhydrous $Ca(H_2PO_4)_2$ to form non-crystalline $Ca(PO_3)_2$. CPP granules added with $Na_2O$ and chitosan were implanted in extraction sockets and histologic observation were performed at 12 weeks later. Histologic observation at 12 weeks revealed that CPP matrix were mingled with and directly apposed to new bone without any intervention of fibrous connective tissue. CPP granules added with chitosan were well adatped without any adverse tissue reaction and resorbed slowly and spontaneously. CPP granules added with $Na_2O$ and chitosan show multinucleated giant cells and osteoblast-like cells around grafted material and newly formed bone. This result revealed that CPP, regardless of its additive component, had a high affinity for bone and had been resorbed slowly. From this results, it was suggested that CPP is promising ceramic as a bone substitute and addition of $Na_2O$ and chitosan help biodegradation. In further study , it will be determined which concentration of $Na_2O$ help biodegradation and the other additive components increase the degradation rate.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.116-124
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• 2008

Statement of the problem: Implant systems result in gaps and cavities between implant and abutment that can act as a trap for bacteria and thus possibly cause inflammatory reactions in the peri-implant soft tissues. Purpose: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, related to implant-abutment interface microleakage. Material and methods: Samples were taken from 27 subjects with sterilized paper points and were transported in $1{\times}PBS$. The detection of periodontopathogens were performed by polymerase chain reaction with species-specific primers based on 16S rDNA. Results: Our data showed that the detection rate of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in implant fixture was 59% and 82% in patients respectively. Detection rate of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in implant crevice was 44% and 82% in patients. Detection rate of P. gingivalis and P. intermedias in tongue was 82% and 82% in patients. Conclusion: Current implant systems cannot safely prevent microbial leakage and bacterial colonization of the inner part of the implant.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.403-408
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• 2005

Ankylosis is defined as a fusion of cementum or dentine with alveolar bone. Due to the loss of the periodontal ligament on the ankylotic area, the tooth is incapable of continued eruption and hence is unable to follow the normal vertical development of the neighboring teeth and alveolar process. A 6-year-old female was referred to the Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry for ankylosis of primary molars and congenital missing of permanent premolars on both jaws. She had neither specific past medical history nor trauma and infection history in oral and maxillofacial region. Radiographic finding is that the maxillary primary molars were the early onset of ankylosis and had fast root resorption rate. However the mandibular primary molars were ankylosed later and being resorbed slower than maxillary primary molars. The object of treating this case is to maintain the proper alveolar bone growth and retention of deciduous molars. The point of managing this case is as follows: Proper treatment (observation, restoration, or extraction) should be established after thorough consideration of the time of onset, the root resorption rate, progression of infraocclusion and the development of alveolar bone support. We should consider the timing of extraction of the ankylosed teeth without problem of neighbouring alveolar bone growth and tilting of adjacent teeth in the view of growth spurt. Early diagnosis is important to avoid many of the complications with infraoccluded primary molars.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.104-114
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement(Ketacfil, ESPE, Co.) against dentin surface which had been treated with surface conditioning agents(distilled water, 5% sodium hypochlorite solution, Ketac - conditioner, 40% polyacrylic acid). In this study, 60 human molars with sound and healthy crown portion which were previously extracted for orthodontic or periodontal problem. The dentin surfaces of these teeth were exposed with wet trimmer and polished with 150 - grit and 600 - grit silicon carbide paper and the teeth were divided into four groups(15 teeth per group) according to the following surface conditioning methods. Group I : Surface treatment with distilled water as control group. Group II : Surface conditioning with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution. Group III : Surface conditioning with Ketac conditioner. Group IV : Surface conditioning with 40% polyacrylic acid. The shear bond strengths were measured by Autograph(Shimatzu Co. Japan). The result of the evaluations were then subjected to statistical analysis using one - way analysis of variance and Duncan test and the results were as follows : 1. The shear bond strength accrding to the dentin surface conditioning conditions was highest in Ketac conditioner group, with measurements of $44.44{\pm}0.74(kg/cm^2)$ and lowest in the distilled water group, with measurements of $28.84{\pm}0.88(kg/cm^2)$. 2. Statistically significant differences were found between surface conditioning with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution group or Ketac conditioner group and distilled water group(P<0.01). 3. Also, statistically significant difference was found between surface conditioning with distilled water group and 40% polyacrylic acid group(P<0.05). 4. Overall difference in statistical significance between the groups was not found (P<0.05). 5. Fractured dentin surface treated with conditioning solutions showed cohesive fracture. 6. Distilled water group and 5% sodium hypochlorite solution group removed the smear layer less effectively. 7. Conditioning dentin with Ketac conditioner and 40% polyacrylic acid resulted in the removal of a significant amount of the smear layer without removing the tubular plugs and dissolving the peritubular dentin.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2009

Purpose : To investigate the actual conditions of diagnosis and treatment of oral medicine inpatient with systemic disease. Methods : A total of 54 oral medicine subjects, inpatient due to systemic disease for diagnosis and treatment of oral disease was requested to answer the medical history and dental treatment record. Results : The ratio of gender is composed of male 44% and female 56%, the distribution of age is the order of the 50-59 group 37%, the 60-69 group 26%, the 40-49 group 22%. Systemic disease is composed of Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases 36%, Diseases of the circulatory system 36%, Diseases of the nervous system 10%. Chief complain of oral disease is composed of routine check for oral health 26%, craniomandibular disorders 18%, soft tissue problem 18%. Oral disease is composed of Diseases of salivary glands 32%, Gingivitis and periodontal diseases 23%, Dentofacial anomalies 16% Conclusion : These findings indicate that oral medicine inpatient due to the systemic disease is significantly correlated to the oral disease. The patients of oral disease interrelationship between inpatient and outpatient of systemic disease should be validated by future research.