• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.593-605
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• 2004

tachment level was changed from $8.67{\pm}1.72mm$ to $7.00{\pm}1.60mm$ (control); from $8.93{\pm}2.23mm$ to $6.00{\pm}1.92mm$ (test); and bone probing depth was decreased from $10.20{\pm}1.90mm$ to $9.07{\pm}1.95mm$ (control); from $10.14{\pm}2.14mm$ to $7.43{\pm}2.06mm$ (test). This study indicates that treatment of periodontal intrabony defects with EMD is clinically superior to treatment without EMD (OFD alone) in every parameter evaluated. Within the limits of this study, the application of EMD in intrabony defects resulted in clinically significant gain of clinical attachment level and decrease of bone probing depth. And further controlled clinical studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of the EMD in the treatment of various osseous defects.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.121-131
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking on adult periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy. The study population consisted of 40 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis. Smokers(n=20) were defined as individuals smoking at least twenty cigarettes per day at the time of the initial examination. The non-smoking group(n=20) second and the fourth weeks after periodontal non-surgical therapy. The results were as follows; 1. Clinical indices including plaque index, gingival index, and pocket depth were decreased in both smoking and non-smoking group at the first, the second, and the fourth weeks. Especially, clinical indices of non-smokers were more significantly decreased than those of smokers. 2. Non-motile rods were increaseed and motile rods were reduced at the fourth week. spirochetes were reduced significantly in the non-smoking group at the fourth week. These results suggest that smoking play a minor role in adult periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.99.1-99.1
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• 1986

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.413-418
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• 2015

Recent cross-sectional studies indicate that obesity is a risk factor for periodontal disease. This study was aimed to investigate whether the four-week weight control program including caloric restriction and exercise training could have an effect on periodontal health. Forty-one obese (body mass index [BMI] ${\geq}25.0$) and five overweight ($23.0{\leq}BMI<25.0$) students participated in the weight control program. Anthropometric data and oral examination data were collected at the baseline and at the 27th day. BMI, waist hip ratio (WHR), and percent of body fat (PBF) of the subjects decreased significantly, but gingival index, sites with bleeding on probing (BOP), and sites with shallow pocket depth didn't show the significant changes in paired t-test. There was no difference in the outcomes according to smoking, drinking alcohol, and sex. Nevertheless, PBF and sites with BOP (r=0.777) and WHR and sites with shallow pocket depth (r=0.444) showed positive correlations. PBF accounted for 58.9% of the variance in sites of BOP in regression analysis. We suggested that obesity might relate with periodontal health, although it was not clear whether weight control could influence on periodontal health directly.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2022

Purpose: This pilot study assessed the immediate in vivo effect of high peak pulse power neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser monotherapy on selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens in deep human periodontal pockets. Methods: Twelve adults with severe periodontitis were treated with the Laser-Assisted New Attachment Procedure (LANAP®) surgical protocol, wherein a free-running, digitally pulsed, Nd:YAG dental laser was used as the initial therapeutic step before mechanical root debridement. Using a flexible optical fiber in a handpiece, Nd:YAG laser energy, at a density of 196 J/cm² and a high peak pulse power of 1,333 W/pulse, was directed parallel to untreated tooth root surfaces in sequential coronal-apical passes to clinical periodontal probing depths, for a total applied energy dose of approximately 8-12 joules per millimeter of periodontal probing depth at each periodontal site. Subgingival biofilm specimens were collected from each patient before and immediately after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy from periodontal pockets exhibiting ≥6 mm probing depths and bleeding on probing. Selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, and Campylobacter species) were quantified in the subgingival samples using established anaerobic culture techniques. Results: All immediate post-treatment subgingival biofilm specimens continued to yield microbial growth after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy. The mean levels of total cultivable red/orange complex periodontal pathogens per patient significantly decreased from 12.0% pretreatment to 4.9% (a 59.2% decrease) immediately after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy, with 3 (25%) patients rendered culture-negative for all evaluated red/orange complex periodontal pathogens. Conclusions: High peak pulse power Nd:YAG laser monotherapy, used as the initial step in the LANAP® surgical protocol on mature subgingival biofilms, immediately induced significant reductions of nearly 60% in the mean total cultivable red/orange complex periodontal pathogen proportions per patient prior to mechanical root instrumentation and the rest of the LANAP® surgical protocol.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2019

Purpose: An unresolved inflammatory state contributes to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a proresolving lipid mediator, in the association between periodontal disease and MetS. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with MetS and 65 patients without MetS were included in the study. Sociodemographic information was obtained via a questionnaire, and detailed medical diagnoses were made. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], probing pocket depth [PD], and clinical attachment level [CAL]) and metabolic parameters were measured, and serum LXA4 levels were determined. The associations among MetS, periodontal parameters, and serum LX levels were evaluated by adjusted multivariate linear regression analyses. Results: Patients with MetS were older and had a higher body mass index than patients without MetS. Periodontal parameters (PI, GI, PD, and CAL) were higher in patients with MetS than in those without MetS. Serum LXA4 levels were higher in patients without MetS. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated a positive association between MetS and periodontal parameters (PD and CAL). Negative associations were established between MetS and LXA4 levels, and between LXA4 and periodontal parameters (PI, PD, and CAL). Conclusions: The presence of higher values of periodontal parameters in patients with MetS and the negative relationship of LXA4 with MetS and periodontal disease may support the protective role of proresolving lipid mediators in the association between periodontal disease and MetS.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.618-627
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• 2011

Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for periodontaldiseases and implant treatments. Smoking control is regarded as a key to the success of dental treatments as well as the well-being of the patients. The aim of this study was to reviewthe effects of smoking on periodontal health, and the results of periodontal therapy and implant treatments. Also, in vitro, microbiological, immunological and epidemiological relationships were studied. In vitro studies show that smoking interferes with normal healing process and increased tissue destruction. There is still controversy on the population of microbes of smokers. Smokers showed significantly less gingival inflammation and bleeding on probing compared with non-smokers. After periodontal treatments, a compromised clinical outcome was noted for smokers in terms of pocket depth reduction and gain in attachment levels. In conclusion, data from in vitro, epidemiological, cross-sectional and case-control studies strongly suggest that quitting smoking is beneficial to patients before periodontal and implant treatments.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.133-146
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• 2000

Histological studies indicate a tetracycline HCl similar to citric acid to induce connetive tissue repair in animals. When tetracycline HCl was used as a root conditioning agent in humans, there was a trend toward more connective tissue attachment than in root planing alone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical effect of tetracycline HCl in the treatment of gingival recession. 44 teeth in 12 patients with bilaterally gingival recession & Miller classification I, II gingival recession were selected and 22 teeth were treated with 125mg/ml tetracycline HCl , the others was not treated with tetracycline HCl. Gingival recession, pocket depth, clinical attachment level, width of keratinized gingiva were observed at baseline, postoperative 4, 12, 20weeks. Both groups were statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon signed Ranks Test & Wilcoxon's rank sum test(Mann-whitney test) using SPSS program.(5% significance level) The results were as follows: 1........The change of gingival recession, clinical attachment level, keratinized gingiva in both groups were increased significantly at 4, 12, 20 weeks. 2.......The pocket depth exhibited no marked changes throughout the entire investigation in both groups. 3........The change of gingival recession in tetracycline group was increased significantly than control group at 4, 12, 20 weeks and the percentage of root coverage was 93% in tetracycline group and 83% in control group. 4........The change of clinical attachment level, pocket depth, keratinized tissue from baseline to 4, 12, 20 weeks was not differ significanltly in both group.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.183-192
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• 1993

The purpose of this epidermiological analysis was to evaluate the periodontal status of Korean young adults(twenties) in order to provide detail & baseline data for frequence of periodontal disease. Two hundred and fifty young adults, aged 20-29 years, were selected by random sampling. Dental visity, scaling treatment, education, income, toothbrushing frequence & method were checked, and plaque index(Loe and silness), calculus index(Ramfjord), gingival index(Loe and silness), attached gingival width, perio probing depth, gingival recession were measured. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Average plaque index(1.96), calculus index(1.43), gingival index(1.7) were higher in mandible than maxillar. It was most prevalent in lst molar. 2. Average attached gingival width(4.0mm) was wider in maxillar than mandible. It was most prominent in lateral incisor. 3. Pocket depth(>4mm) was distributed in 42% subject, it was higher in mandible than maxilla and most prevalent in 1st molar. 4. Gingival recession(>1mm) was distributed in 94% subject, it was higher in mandible than maxilla, and most prevalant in canine. 5. According to unpaired t-test, palque index, calculus index, gingival index were not statistically significant in history of scaling treatment, level of eduction and account of income, but were showed statistically significant in histrory of dental clinic.(PB0.05) 6. According to ANOVA test, correlation between tooth-brushing(frequence, method) and gingival index was showed statistically significant.(P<0.05) 7. There was gingival recessionof 87% subject in only one time brushing, 80% subject in two time, and 68% subject in three times. There was gingival recessionof 68% subject in leftright direction tooth brushing, 73% subject in upper-low method and 77% subject in combination method.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 1994

It has been believed that antioxidant enzymes such as CuZn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase and catalase protect the tissue from damage resulting from the oxygen derived free radicals($O_2\;^-$, $H_2O_2$ and OH ). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between activity of antioxidant enzymes including CuZn- and Mn- superoxide dismutase and catalase and inflammatory periodontal disease and periodontal parameters. For this study, the patients were classified into normal, gingivitis, adult periodontitis and rapidly progressive periodontitis, and then their papillary bleeding index(PBI) and probing depth were checked. Gingival tissues were surgically obtained from the patients during periodontal surgery, extraction, and clinical crown lengthening procedure. The activity of CuZn- and Mn- superoxide dismutase and catalase in the gingival tissues was measured by using UV-spectrophotometer by the same methods as Crapo et al. And Aebi did, respectively. The results were as follows : 1. CuZn- and Mn- and total-superoxide dismutase activity were significantly low in rapidly progressive periodontitis group in comparison to normal group (P<0.05). 2. In comparison of the antioxidant enzyme activity according to papillary bleeding index group(PBI), Mn-superoxide dismutase activity only was significantly lower in PBI 2, 3, and 4 groups than PBI 0 group(P<0.05). 3. Superoxide dismutase activity failed to show any significant difference according to probing depth. But significant]y high catalase activity was shown in deep pocket group (${\ge}7mm$)(P<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that the activity of Mn-superoxide dismutase among the antioxidant enzymes may reflect the inflammatory status of gingival tissue and that the decreased activity of superoxide dismutase may be one of responsibe factors for progression of rapidly progressive periodontitis.