• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.746-750
• /
• 2010

Three military working dogs (MWDs) were diagnosed with perianal fistulae after a complete physical examination and rectal palpation. The initial treatment protocol was used with short-term oral ciclosporine (CyA) and ketoconazole and 0.1% topical tacrolimus ointment. When lesions were nearly healed, treatment was continued with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment only at a lower frequency. The lesions improved significantly within 2-8 weeks with no noticeable side effects. Complete recovery was determined at weeks 13, 6, and 4 for cases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. This combination protocol was effective at resolving or reducing perianal fistulae (PAF) lesions even communicating with anal sacs in three dogs. The major benefit of this protocol was the rapid reduction of fistulae lesions and this could be helpful to extend the pain-free period. Moreover, this protocol appeared cost-saving as well as time-saving option for PAF dogs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.126-126
• /
• 2007

• Advances in pediatric surgery
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.170-176
• /
• 2010

The clinical characteristics of fistula-in-ano in infants are different from those of older children, and its treatment remains controversial. We suggest that fistula-in-ano in infants has a congenital etiology. To verify this hypothesis and to settle the controversies regarding fistula-in ano in infants, a retrospective analysis of 29 patients less than 2 years of age with anal fistulae treated between 1994 and 2009 at Samsung Changwon Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Twenty two patients were male and mean age at diagnosis was $7.2{\pm}5.2$ months. Eleven out of 22 cases had previous surgical drainage for perianal abscess. 18 patients had fistulotomy (81.8 %) and four had fistulectomy (18.2 %). Cryptotomies with fistulectomy were performed in 10 patients (45.5 %) who had involved crypt. There was one recurrence. These results suggest that fistula-in-ano in young children less than two years of age is different from those in older children or adults. Fistulotomy is suggested to be the recommended treatment of choice. A future study involving non-operative management would be required to explore all treatment options.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2019

Recent studies on pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have revealed that early-onset IBD has distinct phenotypic differences compared with adult-onset IBD. In particular, very early-onset IBD (VEO-IBD) differs in many aspects, including the disease type, location of the lesions, disease behavior, and genetically attributable risks. Several genetic defects that disturb intestinal epithelial barrier function or affect immune function have been noted in these patients from the young age groups. In incidence of pediatric IBD in Korea has been increasing since the early 2000s. Neonatal or infantile-onset IBD develops in less than 1% of pediatric patients. Children with "neonatal IBD" or "infantile-onset IBD" have higher rates of affected first-degree relatives, severe disease course, and a high rate of resistance to immunosuppressive treatment. The suspicion of a monogenic cause of VEO-IBD was first confirmed by the discovery of mutations in the genes encoding the interleukin 10 (IL-10) receptors that cause impaired IL-10 signaling. Patients with such mutations typically presented with perianal fistulae, shows a poor response to medical management, and require early surgical interventions in the first year of life. To date, 60 monogenic defects have been identified in children with IBD-like phenotypes. The majority of monogenic defects presents before 6 years of age, and many present before 1 year of age. Next generation sequencing could become an important diagnostic tool in children with suspected genetic defects especially in children with VEO-IBD with severe disease phenotypes. VEO-IBD is a phenotypically and genetically distinct disease entity from adult-onset or older pediatric IBD.