• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.638-644
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• 2018

In this paper, we develop a measurement system that uses 3D Scintillator and NaI(TI) Detector to 3-dimensionally identify the location of multiple radiation sources in moving vehicle loads. The radiation measurement system consists of radiation measurement (plastic scintillator), 2-channel Pulse Counter Board, nuclide analysis (NaI(TI) detector) and 1 channel MCA Board. The source locator algorithm calculates the coordinate value of the ratio of the CPS value($1/r^2$) of the source according to the angle(${\theta}$) in inverse proportion to the square of the distance(X, Y) through the SVM classification. The coordinate values are input every predetermined period of the spectrum, and after analyzing the spectrum per unit cycle, the position of the nuclide at the time is calculated by determining whether or not the nuclide is present in the remaining part except for the background area. As a result of the position discrimination test, the error within the international standard of ${\pm}1m$ was shown. Thus, the utility of the proposed system has been demonstrated.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.633-640
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• 2012

White light and compound light were found to be the ideal light sources for improving the functionality and ornamental value of indoor plants and reducing the cost of maintenance, but because compound light hinders people from recognizing the original color of plants and makes their eyes easily tired, white light was considered the optimal light satisfying all of the ornamental value, economic efficiency and functionality resulting from plant growth. On the other hand, in the results of examining physiological changes before and after treatment on fine dust PM10 and carbon dioxide removal capacity in a closed chamber under an artificial light source, the patterns of carbon dioxide and fine dust removal were similar among the treatment groups according to light condition, but according to plant type, the removal rate per unit leaf area was highest in $Spathiphyllum$ and lowest in $Dieffenbachia$. In the experiment on dust and carbon dioxide removal, the photosynthetic rate was over 2 times higher after the treatment, and the rate increased particularly markedly under compound light and white light, suggesting that the photosynthetic rate of plants increases differently according to light quality. These results show that light quality has a significant effect on the photosynthetic rate of plants, and suggests that plants with a high photosynthetic rate also have a high carbon dioxide and dust removal capacity. In conclusion, the photosynthetic rate of foliage plants increased under white and blue light that affect photosynthesis and the increased photosynthetic rate reduced carbon dioxide and fine dust, and therefore white and compound light were found to be the optimal light sources most functional and economically efficient in improving ornamental value and indoor air quality.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3123-3129
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• 2016

Background: Cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in Sabah Malaysia with a reported age-standardized incidence rate was 104.9 per 100,000 in 2007. The incidence rate depends on non-mandatory notification in the registry. Under-reporting will provide the false picture of cancer control program effectiveness. The present study was to evaluate the performance of the cancer registry system in terms of representativeness, data quality, simplicity, acceptability and timeliness and provision of recommendations for improvement. Materials and Methods: The evaluation was conducted among key informants in the National Cancer Registry (NCR) and reporting facilities from Feb-May 2012 and was based on US CDC guidelines. Representativeness was assessed by matching cancer case in the Health Information System (HIS) and state pathology records with those in NCR. Data quality was measured through case finding and re-abstracting of medical records by independent auditors. The re-abstracting portion comprised 15 data items. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess simplicity and acceptability. Timeliness was measured from date of diagnosis to date of notification received and data dissemination. Results: Of 4613 cancer cases reported in HIS, 83.3% were matched with cancer registry. In the state pathology centre, 99.8% was notified to registry. Duplication of notification was 3%. Data completeness calculated for 104 samples was 63.4%. Registrars perceived simplicity in coding diagnosis as moderate. Notification process was moderately acceptable. Median duration of interval 1 was 5.7 months. Conclusions: The performances of registry's attributes are fairly positive in terms of simplicity, case reporting sensitivity, and predictive value positive. It is moderately acceptable, data completeness and inflexible. The usefulness of registry is the area of concern to achieve registry objectives. Timeliness of reporting is within international standard, whereas timeliness to data dissemination was longer up to 4 years. Integration between existing HIS and national registration department will improve data quality.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 1991

Mass mortality of Halocynthia roretzi has been occurred in culturing grounds of southern coast of Korea during the long period of summer drought and the unusal high water temperature in 1988. Especially Halocynthia roretzi was damaged severely in 2 years group. Therefore we verified these phenomena by observing the environmental factors of culturing grounds and by evaluating oxygen consumption rate in indoor experiment. In culturing grounds, the mortality rate was high in Namhae Mizo area where water temperature was the highest and the lowest in dissolved oxygen concentration as low as 3.76m/l in field observation. In indoor experiment, the higher the water temperature, the more mortality was occurred and the salinity above 30 had no effect on its mortality. In oxygen consumption rate experiment, the smaller needs more oxygen than larger one, i. e., oxygen demand per unit weight was higher in 2 years group than that of 3 years. The theoretical and the actual minimum oxygen demands(MOB) for preventing asphixation was 3.7ml/kg/h at $20^{\circ}C$ and 6.3ml/kg/h gat $25^{\circ}C$, But actual MOD was 4.3ml/kg/h at $25^{\circ}C$ in indoor experiment. It seemed that mass mortality of Halocynthia roretzi in summer was caused by metabolism disorder due to insufficient oxygen level influenced by the high water temperature and the high density of Halocynthia roretzi, which results in the paucity of oxygen especially in 2 years groups.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2011

Objectives : We investigated the effects of gambigyeongsinhwan2(GGH(2)) on body weight and examined whether blood triglyceride levels and visceral fat are inhibited by it in high fat diet-fed obese male mice. Methods : 8 weeks old, high fat diet-fed obese male mice were divided into 5 groups: C57BL/6N normal, control, GGH(2)-1, GGH(2)-2 and GGH(2)-3. After mice were treated with GGH(2) for 8 weeks, we measured body weight gain, food intake, feeding efficiency ratio, fat weight, plasma leptin and lipid levels. We also did histological analysis for liver and fat on the mice. Results : 1. Compared with controls, GGH(2)-treated mice had lower body weight gain and adipose tissue weight, the magnitudes of which were prominent in GGH(2)-3. 2. Compared with controls, GGH(2)-treated mice had lower feeding efficiency ratio, the magnitude of which was prominent in GGH(2)-3. 3. Compared with controls, GGH(2)-treated mice had lower blood plasma triglyceride level. 4. Blood plasma AST and ALT concentrations were not changed by GGH(2), indicating GGH(2) do not show any toxic effects. 5. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain, the size of adipocytes were significantly decreased by GGH(2), whereas the adipocyte number per unit area was significantly increased, suggesting that GGH(2) decreased the number of large adipocytes. Hepatic lipid accumulation was decreased by GGH(2). Conclusions : These results demonstrate that GGH(2) effectively reduces body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio, blood plasma triglyceride level and improves abdominal fat.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 1983

This experiment was conducted to investigate the growing process, nitrogen content of leaves and grain weight of the tillers of three wheat and one barley cultivars under space planting condition. The rates of the ear-bearing tillers were highest in the main stem (MS) and followed by the Ist, 2nd, 3rd tiller of the first order tiller. The leaf emergencies on main stem and tillers of barley were found simmilar results to synchronously emerging leaf theory reported by katayama, however, one or more leaves were emerged from the tillers of wheat comparing to the theoretical numbers. The orders of the ear primordia development were MS 1st 2nd 3rd tiller. The differences of ear development between main stem and tillers were greatter in wheat than in barley. Total nitrogen content in leaf decreased accompanying with growth and the highest content were found on the higher ordered tillers. The order of the proportion of each stem grain weight to the grain yield per unit area was MS > 1st≒2nd > 3rd tiller.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 1970

To research the seeding systems and the varieties adapted to mechanization in barley and wheat culture in Korea, the studies were carried out from October, 1969 to June, 1970 at Suwon. In these studies, six kinds of seeding systems of drilling and dibbling that seems to adapted to mechanization were tested as compared with the customary seeding system, furrowing moderately or widely, using three varieties of barley, Suwon ＃18, Barsoy and Buhufng, and three varieties of wheat, Wonkwang, Yucseung ＃3 and Yeungkwang, under the two fertilizer levels of standard and double. The summarize results gained were as follows; 1. Buhung seemed to be the most suitable variety in barley as it yielded the most and matured early and grew the safest. Barsoy suffered from winter injury. 2. Yeungkwang seemed to be the most suitable variety in wheat as it yielded the most and produced the largest grain ani grew the safest, however it matured late. Wonkwang suffered heavily from lodging injury. 3. More yield were produced and there were no increase of cultural dangers except lodging in double fertilizer level. 4. Seeding system of drilling and dibbling seems to be able to put in practice safely under the double fertilizer level when lodging resistant varieties are selected. 5. Rate of yields increase in comparison with the customary seeding system of moderate furrowing were 16 percent in drilling of 20 centimeter spacing, 13 percent in wide furrowing and 12 percent in dibbling of 20 ${\times}$ 12 centimeter spacing in barley and also 9 percent in wide furrowing, 8 percent in dibbling of 20 ${\times}$ 12 centimeter spacing and 7 percent in drilling of 20 centimeter spacing in wheat. 6. The most important cause of above yields increase seems to be the increase of spike number per unit area. 7. Yields increase by drilling as compared with furrowing was not caused by higher rate of seeding. 8. The plants matured a bit earlier by drilling and dibbling. 9. Better stands of seedling were fount in dibbling due to the promotion of germination by tramping. 10. An increase of yields will be expected by decreasing the spacing in drilling and dibbling.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.666-674
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• 2013

Physical disturbance, which induces a lack of flow rate, frequently occurs in freshwater ecosystem. Due to this, it is required to provide a new fish shelter to resolve. We installed a pilot scale test-bed to scrutinize the relationship between water level and the influence of fish shelter. The proposed ADP (artificial deep pool) is a fish shelter which composed of concrete materials. From the monitoring results in test-bed, it was observed that the population of fish was the highest at the 0.5 m in depth from the water level of experimental pond. But it was more appropriate for shallow water level (<0.3 m) to conserve the total number of fish by increasing the number per unit area despite of lower inner temperature and DO than outer environment. Therefore, inner of ADP was more efficient lentic system for fish to live due to higher WCS, OS, SS, and TS. In addition, there was a relative abundance of WCS fish species such as Acheilognathus koreensis (A. koreensis), Carassius carassius (C. carassius). Considered these results, it is suggested that ADP is appropriate to use for fish shelter and habitat for the fishes in lentic ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.393-403
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the productivity of Hanwoo steers by feeding self-product organic rice straw and concentrates(conventional, T1 and organic T2). Sixteen Hanwoo steers(8 months on the average) were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Feeding trail was carried out in 2 treatment(8 heads/ treatment) by Hanwoo steers for 600 days form 8 to 28 months in age. The range of average daily gains of T1 and T2 were 0.76 to 0.77kg in the growing stage, 0.93 to 0.90kg in the first fattening stage, 0.99 to 0.84kg in the middle fattening stage, and 0.59 to 0.64kg in the latter fattening, respectively, and the gains for overall period was higher in T1 than in T2. Concentrates and total digestive nutrients(TDN)(T1) intakes per unit of kg gains were higher than T2 without significant difference. In carcass characteristics, the carcass weight in T1 were higher about 5% than in T2. According to the above results, it may be concluded that dry matter(DM) intakes, crude protein(CP) and TDN contents of feedstuff between treatments was no significant difference. but marbling in T2 score was higher than in T1 about 20%. There were no significant differences rib-eye area, back fat thickness and fat color(p>0.05).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2013

Two-phase vapor-liquid flows exist in many shell and tube heat exchangers such as condensers, evaporators, and nuclear steam generators. To understand the fluid dynamic forces acting on a structure subjected to a two-phase flow, it is essential to obtain detailed information about the characteristics of a two-phase flow. The characteristics of a two-phase flow and the flow parameters were introduced, and then, an experiment was performed to evaluate the pressure loss in the tube bundles and the fluid-dynamic force acting on the cylinder owing to the pressure distribution. A two-phase flow was pre-mixed at the entrance of the test section, and the experiments were undertaken using a normal triangular array of cylinders subjected to a two-phase cross-flow. The pressure loss along the flow direction in the tube bundles was measured to calculate the two-phase friction multiplier, and the multiplier was compared with the analytical value. Furthermore, the circular distributions of the pressure on the cylinders were measured. Based on the distribution and the fundamental theory of two-phase flow, the effects of the void fraction and mass flux per unit area on the pressure coefficient and the drag coefficient were evaluated. The drag coefficient was calculated by integrating the measured pressure on the tube by a numerical method. It was found that for low mass fluxes, the measured two-phase friction multipliers agree well with the analytical results, and good agreement for the effect of the void fraction on the drag coefficients, as calculated by the measured pressure distributions, is shown qualitatively, as compared to the existing experimental results.