• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.369-373
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• 2009

Heterologous secretory expression of endoglucanase E (Clostridium thermocellum) and ${\beta}$-glucosidase 1 (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera) was achieved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation cultures as an ${\alpha}$-mating factor signal peptide fusion, based on the native enzyme coding sequence. Ethanol production depends on simultaneous saccharification of cellulose to glucose and fermentation of glucose to ethanol by a recombinant yeast strain as a microbial biocatalyst. Recombinant yeast strain expressing endoglucanase and ${\beta}$-glucosidase was able to produce ethanol from ${\beta}$-glucan, CMC and acid swollen cellulose. This indicates that the resultant yeast strain of this study acts efficiently as a whole cell biocatalyst.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1193-1198
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• 2003

An increase in frequency of administration of exogenous growth hormone (GH) or GH-releasing hormone was reported to be a model to increase blood circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and to improve growth performance in animals. We have investigated the effect of twice daily administration of GH-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2) on growth performance, GH responsiveness and plasma insulin-like growth factor IGF-1 in swine. We administered to eight swine, 3 control and 5 treatment, a twice daily s.c. injections of GHRP-2 ($30{\mu}g/kg\;BW$) for a period of 10 days. Every day blood samples immediately taken before injections of GHRP-2 or saline, at 08:00 h and 16:00 h, were measured for IGF-1 concentrations. Blood samples for GH assay were collected every 20 min on days 1, 6 and 10, from 1 hour before and 3 h after GHRP-2 or saline injections at 08:00 h. GH peak concentrations and GH area under curve (GH AUC) on day 1, 6 and 10 in treatment group of swine were higher than those in control swine (p<0.05). Twice daily administration of GHRP-2 caused a significantly attenuation (p<0.05) of GH peak concentrations ($80.25{\pm}13.87$, $39.73{\pm}5.72$ and $27.57{\pm}6.06ng/ml$ for day 1, 6 and 10, respectively) and GH AUCs ($3,536.15{\pm}738.35$, $1,310.31{\pm}203.55$ and $934.37{\pm}208.99ng/ml$ for day 1, 6 and 10, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in GH peak concentration and GH AUC between day 6 and 10. Plasma IGF-1 concentration levels were higher in treatment than control group of swine (p<0.05) after 3 days of the treatment, and the levels reached a plateau from day 3 to 10 of experiment. Growth performance did not alter by GHRP-2 administration, even though a numerical increase of body weight gain and feed efficiency was observed. These results indicate that twice daily administration of GHRP-2 for 10 days in swine did not significantly influence on growth performance, caused an overall attenuation of GH response, and that elevation of plasma GH concentrations caused by GHRP-2 administration increased plasma IGF-1 concentrations, even though an attenuation of GH response was observed.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.34.1-34.16
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• 2021

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by dryness of the mouth and eyes. The glandular dysfunction in SS involves not only T cell-mediated destruction of the glands but also autoantibodies against the type 3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor or aquaporin 5 (AQP5) that interfere with the secretion process. Studies on the breakage of tolerance and induction of autoantibodies to these autoantigens could benefit SS patients. To break tolerance, we utilized a PmE-L peptide derived from the AQP5-homologous aquaporin of Prevotella melaninogenica (PmAqp) that contained both a B cell "E" epitope and a T cell epitope. Repeated subcutaneous immunization of C57BL/6 mice with the PmE-L peptide efficiently induced the production of Abs against the "E" epitope of mouse/human AQP5 (AQP5E), and we aimed to characterize the antigen specificity, the sequences of AQP5E-specific B cell receptors, and salivary gland phenotypes of these mice. Sera containing anti-AQP5E IgG not only stained mouse Aqp5 expressed in the submandibular glands but also detected PmApq and PmE-L by immunoblotting, suggesting molecular mimicry. Characterization of the AQP5E-specific autoantibodies selected from the screening of phage display Ab libraries and mapping of the B cell receptor repertoires revealed that the AQP5E-specific B cells acquired the ability to bind to the Ag through cumulative somatic hypermutation. Importantly, animals with anti-AQP5E Abs had decreased salivary flow rates without immune cell infiltration into the salivary glands. This model will be useful for investigating the role of anti-AQP5 autoantibodies in glandular dysfunction in SS and testing new therapeutics targeting autoantibody production.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2012

In the present study, effects of sun ginseng (SG) on the collagen synthesis and the proliferation of dermal fibroblast were investigated. Collagen synthesis was measured by assaying procollagen type I C-peptide production. In addition, the level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 was assessed by western blot analysis. SG suppressed the MMP-1 protein level in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, SG dose-dependently increased tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP)-1 production in fibroblasts. SG increased type I collagen production directly and/or indirectly by reducing MMP-1 and stimulating TIMP-1 production in human dermal fibroblasts. SG dose-dependently induced fibroblast proliferation and this, in turn, can trigger more collagen production. These results suggest that SG may be a potential pharmacological agent with anti-aging properties in cultured human skin fibroblast.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.171-172
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• 2002

Immune responses to infectious microbes and foreign antigens are regulated by a series of interactions among T cells, B cells, and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages (M$\square$) and dendritic cells (DCs). The inverse relationship between antibody production and cell-mediated immune responses such as delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was experimentally manipulated by varying the dose, route of administration, and form of antigen used to immunize animals. (omitted)

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
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• pp.223-223
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• 2005

• Mycobiology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.248-250
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• 2003

Kojic acid was investigated for its antifungal activity against the human pathogenic fungi including Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Trichophyton rubrum. For C. albicans, C. neoformans and T. rubrum, the MIC(minimum inhibitory concentration) of kojic acid was 640, 80 and 160 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In C. neoformans, melanin-producing yeast, kojic acid-treated nonmelanized cell was more susceptible to magainin than melanized cell, suggesting melanin give a protective function against microbial peptide.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2013

최근 급속도로 당뇨병 환자가 증가하면서 인슐린 시장이 크게 성장하고 있다. 또한 최근 식물체를 이용하여 의약용 단백질 생산이 경제적인 측면과 안정성 측면에서 매우 효과적임이 보고되고 있어 이를 이용한 분자농업이 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인슐린 단백질을 식물체에서 생산하기 위한 유전자 발현 construct를 설계하기 위한 실험으로서 식물발현용 preprominiinsulin construct를 제조하기 위한 단계적 실험을 수행하였다. 우선 proinsulin이 무세포 식물 전사/번역시스템에서 성공적으로 발현됨을 확인하였다. Prominiinsulin construct를 제조하여 대장균에서 발현시키는데 성공하였으며, 이를 트립신으로 절단한 후 인간 항인슐린 항체를 이용한 western 분석을 통하여 효과적으로 A-펩타이드와 B-펩타이드가 형성되며 이후 적절하게 접힘이 일어나고 hexamer로 조립됨을 확인하였다. 이후 식물체에서 재조합 인슐린 유전자가 발현되는지를 확인하기 위하여 RFP 결합 construct를 제조하여 담배의 현탁배양세포인 BY-2 세포에 형질전환시켜 RFP 결합 preprominiinsulin이 성공적으로 발현됨을 확인 하였다. 이러한 성공적인 연구 결과를 토대로 향후 이 construct는 RFP 단백질을 제거하여 35S 프로모터에 직접 유도되는 [N 말단 ${\rightarrow}$ tobacco E2 시그널 펩타이드 ${\rightarrow}$ B-펩타이드(1-29 AA) ${\rightarrow}$ AAK ${\rightarrow}$ A-펩타이드(1-21 AA) ${\rightarrow}$ RR ${\rightarrow}$ His6 ${\rightarrow}$ KDEL ${\rightarrow}$ C 말단] construct를 제조하여 담배 식물체에 형질전환시켜 분자농업을 통해 인간 인슐린 단백질을 생산하는데 활용하고자 한다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2020

최근 가축에서 유래된 메티실린에 내성이 있는 황색포도상구균과 감수성을 보이는 황색포도상구균(LA-MRSA/LA-MSSA)에 의한 사람의 감염증이 증가하는 추세이다. 이러한 LA-MRSA 및 LA-MSSA균주는 가축을 비롯한 축산업에 종사하는 사람들에게 전파가 이루어질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 원유, 육우, 축산 종사자에서 분리된 20개의 MRSA 및 MSSA 균주를 이용하여 생물막 형성, 항균 펩타이드에 대한 저항성 및 과산화수소 저항성과 같은 황색포도상구균의 주요 병원성 인자를 평가하였다. 생물막 형성 실험에서는 MRSA와 MSSA간의 차이는 없었으며, 동물 유래 분리주와 사람 유래 분리주들 간의 비교에서도 차이가 없음이 확인되었다. BMAP-28에 대한 감수성 시험 결과 MRSA-MSSA 또는 동물 분리-사람 분리 간의 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 생물막 형성과 BMAP-28 감수성과는 달리, 원유에서 분리된 MRSA 균주들의 H₂O₂에 대한 내성 증가가 확인 되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 가축 및 축산업 종사자에서 분리된 LA-MRSA와 LA-MSSA 균주의 주요 병원성 인자를 확인하였으며, 숙주 및 환경에서의 생존과 전파 가능성을 이해하는데 기초 자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2002

Although cardiac distribution of specific receptors for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was mainly observed in the ventricular endocardium, the modulation of ANP receptors in relation to cardiac development is not defined. The present study was undertaken to investigate ANP receptor modulation in rat during development. In the developmental stages examined (fetus, after postnatal 3-days, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 8-week-old Sprague Dawley rats) specific ANP binding sites were localized in the right and left ventricular endo-cardia by quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography using (equation omitted)-rat ANP as labeled ligand. The specific bindings to endocardium were much higher in the right than the left ventricle. The binding affinities of ANP were much higher in the right than the left ventricular endocardium. The difference of these binding affinities among various developmental stages was not observed in the right ventricle, whereas the binding affinity in left ventricle was gradually increased with aging and reached the peak value at 8 weeks. No significant difference in maximal binding capacities of endocardial bindings was observed in the right and left ventricular endocardia during developmental stages. Also, cGMP production via activation of particulate guanylyl cyclase-coupled receptor subtypes in the ventricular membranes was gradually decreased with close relationship to aging. Therefore, the present study show that the endocardial ANP receptor is modulated with close relationship to cardiac development in the left ventricle rather than the right ventricle, and may be involved in regulating myocardial contractility in left heart.