• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2015

This study was carried out to develop the economic thresholds for powdery mildew on pepper. To investigate the relationship between powdery mildew incidence degree and yield, experimental plots with ten treatments as initial disease degree were established. Disease intensity exhibited negative and significant correlation with fruit characters like fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight. The adverse effect of the disease on these characteristics was low yield, exhibiting significant negative correlation with disease intensity. There existed close correlation between rate of infected leaf area and yields in the plastic house (Chonhatongil: Y = -3.44X+291.09 $R^2=0.73$, Buchon: Y = -2.14X+327.9 $R^2=0.78$). There existed close correlation between rate of infected leaf area and yield loss in the plastic house (Chonhatongil: Y = 2.14X+15.45 $R^2=0.76$ $r=0.87^{**}$, Buchon: Y = 3.44X+114.21 $R^2=0.73$ $r=0.85^{**}$). Control thresholds diseased rate on powdery mildew of pepper was below 3.2 to 7.3% rate of infected leaf area per plant in the plastic house. The economic thresholds for powdery mildew of pepper was below 3.8 to 6.2% rate of infected leaf area per plant in the plastic house.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.4 s.71
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• pp.528-535
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• 2005

The non-enzymatic anti-oxidants and lunasin peptide from the extracts of the pepper were examined in order to utilize the discovery in natural products as cancer chemopreventive agents. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity on the fruit parts of the pepper was higher than that of the seed, but the difference was low. The Inhibition activity of xanthine/ xanthine oxidase in extracts of the seed was higher than that of the fruit and that of the seed on 20 days after flowering was the highest at the growing period. These were identified as fatty acids and phenolic compounds such as 1-eicosanol, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and benzonitrile. The contents of fatty acids and phenolic compounds increased according to the time passing at the growing period. Peroxidase (POD) activity of the fruit at middle stage was high than that of other growing stages and that of the seed was the highest at later growing period. Though superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in fruit were hish by passage of Slowing stage, the activity in seed was low. Lunasin was searched from seeds of the peppers by coomassie blue staining and western blot among them and we just found lunasin peptide from extracted protein of the pepper by western blot. In addition, we observed the contents of lunasin after flowering and confirmed to appear the lunasin at 35 days after flowering. We confirmed that lunasin is complex protein of maturing seeds. 100nM lunasin peptide in pepper showed inhibition effect on colony formation in $2\~12$ cells.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.864-871
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• 2010

At the current situation of continuous utilization of heavy metal contaminated upland for agricultural purpose in Korea, minimizing transport of heavy metals from soil to crops is important for securing safety of human health. The present study (in field scale) examined the efficiency of several soil amendments (dolomite, steel slag, lime, zeolite, and compost) on reduction of phytoavailable heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in soil through comparison with no amendment treatment and clean soil cover treatment. For determination of the phytoavailability, 1 M $NH_4NO_3$ extraction and red pepper cultivation were introduced. Among the amendments, in general, dolomite and steel slag were the most effective in reduction of metal (Cd, Pb, and Zn) phytoavailability resulting in less accumulation of these metals in shoot and fruit of red pepper. However, dolomite and steel slag treatment was not as effective as clean soil cover treatment which showed the least metal accumulation in red pepper fruit. Nevertheless, with taking into account the cost, treatment of dolomite or steel slag can be competitive method because the current study showed that dolomite or steel slag treatment reduced accumulated heavy metal concentration effectively in both shoot and fruit of red pepper compared to those from control soil and the concentration in fruit was within the standard value (<0.2 mg $kg^{-1}$ for both Cd and Pb).

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.393-400
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• 2022

Postharvest quality of sweet pepper fruits was mainly defined as external appearance, i.e., shape, fruit weight and surface color. These quality traits tend to involve esthetic appeal, it disregards gustatory properties and nutritional value. However, comparative studies according to the marketability of sweet pepper fruits are insufficient. This study was carried out to compare the physicochemical components, antioxidant activity and carotenoid contents of marketable and unmarketable sweet pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.). Physicochemical components (proximate composition, minerals and total phenolic contents) and antioxidant activities using various methods were investigated. The proximate composition values (%) of marketable and unmarketable fruits were: moisture (90.28 and 90.29), ash (0.74 and 0.26), crude protein (0.67 and 0.72), crude lipid (0.38 and 0.32). There were no significant differences in antioxidant activity, while total phenolic content was higher in marketable fruit. Carotenoids contents were 29.3 ± 2.6 and 31.9 ± 2.9 ㎍·g^-1 in marketable and unmarketable fruits respectively, and identified β-carotene, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, and zeaxanthin. Lutein and capsaicin were not detected. In this study, potential value of unmarketable sweet pepper fruit could be identified to be applied as a food ingredient and functional food material.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.420-424
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• 2009

This experiment was executed to investigate the effect of the carpenter bee as a pollinator on the fruit set increment of sweet pepper in summer hydroponics in the alpine area of Gangwon province, Korea. Where the number of fruit sets were increasing during the treatment of pollination by the carpenter bee, total yields during the whole growing period were not different. The number of seeds per fruit in the treatment of the carpenter bee increased more than that in the control by 7.3 percent increment, but the percentage of blossom-end rot increased. As fruit weight range of SS size (below 120g) decreased and that of L size (from 181g to 210g) increased by the pollination treatment, so the percentage of standardized products for the export to Japan improved. Therefore this result was effective for the fruit production of high quality for the export to Japan and it will be necessary for further study on the method of reducing blossom-end rot to be done.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.162-166
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of cultivation time on the incidence of brown fruit stem (BFS) in glasshouse sweet pepper (cv. Special) and to investigate environmental causes of this disorder. The plants transplanted on 31 August (T1) showed more incidence of BFS than those on 24 November (T2) (6.1% vs.2.9%; P<0.01). The BFS symptom began to appear after completion of fruit enlargement, more often around fruit coloring period. Comparing the environmental factors between T1 and T2, with their data collected for 3 weeks around fruit coloring period, the factor that was most likely responsible for BFS incidence was found to be the night-time humidity deficit (HD) ($1.9g{\cdot}m^{-3}\;vs\;2.9g{\cdot}m^{-3}HD$). These results were reconfirmed as T1 was compared to the plants (T3) that were transplanted at a similar time of the following year to T1, but designed to reduce BSF by increasing air HD via heating at night. That is,T3 had much higher night-time HD than T1 ($5.9g{\cdot}m^{-3}\;vs\;1.9g{\cdot}m^{-3}HD$), and showed no incidence of BFS. These results indicated that, to prevent BFS incidence in the winter-harvesting sweet pepper plants, air humidity at night should be controlled low, especially for the fruit coloring period after fruit enlargement period is completed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2004

Amendments of a recirculating nutrient solution with potassium silicate were evaluated as a means to control Phytophthora capsici infections on pepper plant(Capsicum annuum L.). Supplying the solutions with 100 or 200 ppm of silicate significantly reduced motility, root decay, and yield losses attributed to infection of P. capsici. Treating inoculated plants with potassium silicate increased root dry weights and number of fruit, especially high-grade fruit. Results were slightly superior to non-inoculated controls. The two varieties, PBC 137 and PBC 602, responded similarly to the treatments. No significant differences were observed between the 100- and 200 ppm silicate treatments. Results were better when greenhouse conditions favored the spread of P. capsici. Silicon alone did not increase pepper yield, suggesting that it acts as a disease suppression agent rather than as a fertilizer, The phenomena by which silicon confers protection against P. capsici infection and disease development are not fully understood, but our results indicate that mechanisms other than a mechanical barrier to fungal penetration are involved.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.503-512
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• 2010

Anther derived double haploids (DHs) from sweet pepper genotypes ('Special', 'Derby', 'Bossanova', 'Fiesta', 'Debora' and 'Minipaprika') were used to study the agronomic variation in 2006. Ninety-nine successful DHs regenerants (32 from 'Special', 25 from 'Derby', 23 from 'Bossanova', 10 from 'Fiesta', 6 from 'Debora' and 3 from 'Minipaprika') were transplanted at plastic house and studied on their agronomic characters. Variation in agronomic characters was observed within the DHs of each genotype. DHs obtained from 'Derby' and 'Fiesta' exhibited wide variation in fruit yield $plant^{-1}$ whereas averaged fruit yield $plant^{-1}$ was highest in 'Derby' (1608 g) and less variation was observed in DHs of 'Bossanova'. Based on the agronomic characters expressed in DHs population at this environment, SP55, SP56, SP60, and SP116 from 'Special', SP8, SP10, SP14, SP16, and SP34 from 'Derby', SP115, SP119, SP142, SP143, SP196, and SP199 from 'Bossanova', SP41, SP45, and SP114 from 'Fiesta', SP21 from 'Debora' and SP91 from 'Minipaprika' identified as elite inbred lines and these DH lines could be used for commercial hybrids production in sweet pepper. Genetic relationship among the selected inbred lines using molecular markers and their response to diseases are further recommended to study.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.112-116
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• 2004

Two experiments were carried out in greenhouse under hydrophilic culture facilities and simulation model to provide residual characteristics of ethoprophos treated in sweet pepper's growth. To identify the pattern of absorption-translocation through the plant roots, ethoph 5 % GR were diluted in hydrophilic culture solution and drenched at a time per day for three days. The residue in fruit came closed to 0.02 ppm of MRL at 10 days after treatment(DAT) and reached peaked 0.06 ppm at 30 DAT and remained excess MRL level until around 40 DAT. To confirm the pattern of contamination by volatilization of ethoprophos, ethoph 5%GR was scattered 2 g per cubic meter. At 72 hours after treatment, the residue in sweet pepper fruit was exceed the MRL and the maximum residual amount were 0.62 ppm by volatilization. Consequently the use of ethoprophos during the growth of sweet pepper would be strong possibility to exceed the MRL.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.612-617
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• 2001

Seedlings of red pepper (Capsicum annum L.) were exposed to various doses of ${\gamma}$-radiation )($^{60}$ Co)and cultivated in the 1/2,000 a pot. Plant hight the number of leaves, flowers and fruits, chlorophyll contents, plant dry weight, ac- tivites of antiozidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD) adn peroxidase(POD), were determined. Plant height of seedling treated with 1 Gy of ${\gamma}$-radiation was increased up to 16.6% as compared to untreated control at 80 days after treatment, while those treated with 20 Gy or 50 Gy was decreased 22.0% or 75.0% respectively. The plants treated with 1 Gy or 5 Gy were increased the number of leaves up to 41.2% and 24.9% as well as dry weight of fruit up to 58.4% and 49.4% respectively. However treatment of radiation higher than 20 Gy significantly inhibited the growth, chlorophyll content and yield of pepper fruit. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, SOD and POD were tem-porary increased within one or five days after treatment depending on the doses of treatment , and the activities were gradually decreased to control level of lower thereafter. The SOD and POD activities in the leaves of pepper plant treated with 50 Gy were 5.5 and 6.0folds higher than that of control at five days after treatment, respectively.