• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.269-277
• /
• 2015

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has been destructive during pepper fruit production in outdoor fields in Korea. In vitro antifungal activities of 15 different plant essential oils or its components were evaluated during conidial germination and mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides. In vitro conidial germination was most drastically inhibited by vapour treatments with carvacrol, cinnamon oil, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citral, p-cymene and linalool. Inhibition of the mycelial growth by indirect vapour treatment with essential oils was also demonstrated compared with untreated control. Carvacrol, cinnamon oil, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citral and eugenol were among the most inhibitory plant essential oils by the indirect antifungal efficacies. Plant protection efficacies of the plant essential oils were demonstrated by reduced lesion diameter on the C. gloeosporioides-inoculated immature green pepper fruits compared to the inoculated control fruits without any plant essential oil treatment. In planta test showed that all plant essential oils tested in this study demonstrated plant protection efficacies against pepper fruit anthracnose with similar levels. Thus, application of different plant essential oils can be used for ecofriendly disease management of anthracnose during pepper fruit production.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표대회
• /
• pp.40-60
• /
• 2003

Fruit ripening represents a genetically synchronized system that involves developmental process unique to plant species, The phenomenon of ripening includes changes in color, texture, respiration rate, flavor, and aroma. Ripe fruits generally exhibit increased susceptibility to pathogen infection. However, fruits as a reproductive organ have their own protection mechanism against pathogens to maintain their integrity during seed maturation. In several nonclimacteric fruits, such as cherry, grape, and pepper, that do not have an ethylene burst during ripening, resistance against phytopathogens increases during ripening. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a causal agent of anthracnose disease in pepper plants (Capsicum annuum). We have established that C. gloeosporioides has susceptible and resistant interactions with pepper fruits during pre- and post-ripening stages, respectively. And we have interested in looking for a molecular mechanism that would explain the fungal resistance during ripening of nonclimacteric pepper fruit. In this presentation, a molecular characterization of the pepper esterase gene (PepEST) that is highly expressed in the resistant response will be demonstrated as an example of development and industrial applications of versatile-usable genes of plant.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.157-163
• /
• 1985

Various cell wall polysaccharides and related enzyme activities in hot pepper fruit were determined at different stages of maturity. The uronic acid content of cell walls decreased between immature green and turning stage fruit and then increased by red ripe stage. In contrast, cellulose content of cell walls changed only a little during ripening. Total neutal sugar content of cell wall material decreased 50% and galactose content of the walls decreased about 80% by the turning stage. Polygalacturonase and ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activities, as well as total hemicellulose from isolated cell walls of ripening hot pepper fruit were studied using gel filtration chromatography. Polygalacturonase activity was not detectable but 5 isozymes of ${\beta}-galactosidase$ were resolved. The activities of the enzymes were relatively high and gel filtration showed that they differed in molecular weight. Hemicellulose content decreased during ripening and softening. The molecular weight profiles shifted from high molecular weight to low molecular weight polymers during ripening. The changes in cell walls that may be associated with fruit softening involve the alteration of hemicellulose prior to the degradation of wall-bound uronic acid. It is suggested that the decrease in cell wall galactose involved changes in turnover of new cell wall components.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.233-239
• /
• 2007

혈당강하 기능성을 갖는 고추 품종을 육성할 목적으로 수집 보존중인 고추 유전자원과 시판 품종들의 ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ 저해 활성(AGI)을 조사하고 원예적 특성을 평가하였다. AGI 활성 저해율은 열매에서 최대 20.8배, 잎에서 최대 5.9배 차이가 있었다. AGI활성이 높은 계통을 선발하고자 평가된 유전자원 848점의 원예적 특성을 평가한 결과, 과중은 $0.5{\sim}56.0g$, 과장은 $0.8{\sim}15.4cm$, 과경은 $0.5{\sim}6.3cm$로서 다양하게 분포하였다. 하배축 색은 녹색, 1/4 정도 보라색을 띠는 것, 1/2 정도의 보라색을 띠는 것, 전체가 보라색인 계통 및 기타 혼합된 것이 분포하였다. 엽장은 $3.1{\sim}5.0cm$, 엽폭은 $2.1{\sim}3.0cm$이었다. 청과색은 대부분 녹색이었고, 숙과색은 적색이었다. 열매에서 AGI 활성이 높은 선발 계통들의 원예적 특성에 있어서 착과 방향은 모두 하향이었고 청과색은 연녹색 1계통을 제외하고는 모두 녹색이었으며 숙과색은 적색이었다. AGI 활성이 높은 것으로 선발된 고추 의 과중은 $5.9{\sim}41.1g$, 과장은 $5.9{\sim}17.0cm$이었다. 잎에서 AGI 활성이 높은 것으로 선발된 계통들의 엽장과 엽폭은 각각 $5.8{\sim}29.7cm,\;3.9{\sim}8.7cm$이었다. 고추의 잎 및 열매에서 AGI의 활성 변이 폭은 매우 컸으며, 이 결과로부터 혈당 강하 기능성을 갖는 새로운 고추 품종 육성의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.60-82
• /
• 1991

Drying process of red pepper is very important in terms of drying cost and quality of the end product. Recently, many studies on red pepper drying have been performed. Nevertheless, an optimum drying condition is not established yet. Drying characteristics of red pepper is much affected by drying factors such as variety and initial state of red pepper as well as by environmental drying factors such as temperature and relative humidity of drying air. Various varieties of red pepper are being cultivated and the initial state of red pepper at harvest is very ambiguous. For this reason, it is very costly and time-consuming to establish an optimum drying condition of red pepper by experiment. A general drying model to descirbe a drying process has not been developed due to diversity of drying characteristics of red pepper. This study was, therefore, performed to develop a general drying model describing a drying process of red pepper. The results from this study are summarized as follows. 1. A basic model was established to develop an appropriate mositure content model and temperature model describing a drying process of red pepper, and the basic model was validated with experimental data. 2. The bone dry weight of fruit and mositure content were accepted satisfactorily as parameter to define the arbitrary red pepper. 3. The equilibrium moisture content of red pepper was found out to be different according to the variety of red pepper, air temperature and relative humidity. Also, the EMC model was developed using the parameters of air temperature, relative humidity and bone dry weight of fruit. 4. A general drying model for red pepper was developed, parameters of which were expressed as the function of drying factors related with drying phenomena. The developed drying model was found out to describe well the drying process of red pepper.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제20권9호
• /
• pp.1183-1190
• /
• 2011

This study was aimed to establish the evaluating protocol and standard assessment for genetically modified (GM) hot pepper and to find out a proper statistic method to analyze for equality of agricultural characters between GM and non-GM pepper lines. GM and non-GM hot pepper lines were cultivated in two GMO fields in the middle region of Korea and total of 52 agricultural characters were collected during the plant growing season for 4 years, 2007 to 2010. Levene's test was conducted to confirm the homogeneity of raw data before statistic analysis. Two-way ANOVA in the multivariate tests and t-test were conducted to analyze 52 agricultural characters in order to find out the equality between H15 and P2377. From the statistical analysis through two-way ANOVA, 16 out of 16 plant growth traits, 9 out of 18 green fruit traits and 7 out of 18 red fruit traits among 4 years and 9 out of 16 plant growth traits, 4 out of 18 green fruit traits and 3 out of 18 red fruit traits between H15 and P2377 have shown the statistic differences. With the same raw data of 52 agricultural characters, t-test was also conducted. Based on the result from t-test, only 1 out of 16 plant growth traits, 2 out of 18 green fruit traits and 1 out of 18 red fruit traits have shown the differences between H15 and P2377, so that it was concluded that there is no statistic difference between H15 and P2377 in terms of agricultural characters. Also, the t-test is a proper statistic method to analyze each trait between GM and its control lines in order to evaluate agricultural characters.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.548-553
• /
• 2008

The erect habit of fruit setting is a unique characteristic of ornamental peppers and wild pepper species. The erect habit is known to be controlled by the up locus on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) chromosome 12. The result of a genetic analysis using Saengryeog 211 (pendant), Saengryeog 213 (erect), and their $F_1$ and $BC_1$ progeny demonstrated that up is a recessive gene. To develop an up-linked marker, bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were employed using 108 $F_{2:3}$ individuals. The closest AFLP marker, $A2C7_{469}$, was located at a genetic distance of 1.7 cM from the up locus and was converted into a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker. This marker was mapped at a genetic distance of 4.3 cM from the up locus. When the CAPS was applied to seven ornamental lines and 27 breeding lines with erect fruit, these genotypes of 28 lines were correctly predicted. Thus, the CAPS marker will be useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of pepper breeding lines with the up allele at the early seedling stage.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to examine effect of different environment conditions in glass, PC, PET and PE greenhouses controlled by different environment control systems on the growth of green pepper. Light transmittance of 64.7% in the glass greenhouse was the highest among different green-houses. Air temperature was the highest in the glass greenhouse when ventilators were closed, and was the highest in the PE greenhouse when ventilators were open. Air relative humidity was the highest in the PE greenhouse during 24 hours. The amount of solar energy accumulated in soil was the greatest in the glass greenhouse and this energy released during the night escaped through covering materials. Latent heat and solar energy affected air temperature increased in greenhouses. The air temperature of glass greenhouse was 27.5$^{\circ}C$ at 11 O clock, which was the highest air temperature among the all greenhouse types. Clear differences were observed in leaf area and plant height at 30 days after transplanting. Days to first flowering was the shortest in the glass greenhouse with 72.7 days. Flower shedding was the greatest in the PE greenhouse with 12.6%. Days to fruit harvesting was the shortest in the glass greenhouse with 14.3 days. Fruit quality, such as fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit flesh thickness, and vitamin C content, was the best in the glass greenhouse. Percent marketable fruits was the highest with 95.3% when the pepper was grown hydroponically in the glass greenhouse.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.92-96
• /
• 1997

단고추의 장기자루식 양액배지에 있어서 분지수가 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 1폿트당 4지, 6지, 8지를 유인하여 재배한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1 초장, 경경, 엽중, 근중, 경중은 유의성은 없었으나 엽수와 엽면적은 8지유인에 많았다. 2. 과경, 과중은 4지 유인구에서 많았고 유의성은 없었으나 수량도 124.5ton/ha로 8지 유인의 113.4ton/ha보다 9% 많았다. 3. 유인방법별 월별 수량은 초기 5개월은 8지 유인이 4지 유인보다 많았으나 중기이후인 4월부터 수확 종료까지 4지 유인이 수량이 많았으며 유인에 따른 노동력 절감 및 상품율면에서 자루식 장기재배의 경우 4지 유인이 알맞을 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.575-580
• /
• 2011

The cultivation of once-over harvest pepper cultivars might be very valuable to Korean farmers who still depend on traditional hand-harvesting method. Thus, we conducted this experiment to obtain important information for enhancing the productivity of once-over harvest red pepper fruits by supplying several nutrient-controlling and growth-regulating chemicals, such as $KH_2PO_4$, $SiO_2$ and 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon). Adequate fertilization was provided in each treatment plots. In this study, two once-over harvest pepper cultivars, Saengryeg No. 211 and 213 (SR 211 and SR 213), and one regular piecemeal harvest pepper cultivar, Kangryegdaetong (KRDT), were cultivated to evaluate the productivity of pepper fruit as affected by above chemicals. The distribution of macro- and micro-nutrients in pepper fruits among the cultivars were different in term of N, B, Cu, and Fe concentrations. In particular, the concentration of B in SR 213 was about 2 times higher than that in SR 211 and KRDT. However, overall red pepper productivity of SR 211 was markedly higher ($2.91{\sim}3.38Mg\;ha^{-1}$) than that ($1.68{\sim}2.37Mg\;ha^{-1}$) of SR 213. Also, the productivity of matured red pepper was significantly influenced by the treatments of $KH_{2}PO_{4}$, $SiO_2$ and ethephon. The yield indices for matured red pepper fruits were the highest with the treatment of $KH_2PO_4$ or $SiO_2$ with ethephon, which were 113~116% for SR 211 and 147~150% for SR 213. Thus, the applications of $KH_2PO_4$ or $SiO_2$ with ethephon would be suggested to enhance the productivity of matured red pepper fruit.