• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.82-90
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• 2024

Objectives: Nitric oxide is the most important mediator of penile erection after the onset of sexual excitement. It activates cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), increasing penile blood flow. Most pharmaceutical medications prevent enzyme phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) from breaking down cGMP, thus keeping its level high. However, due to the adverse effects of pharmacological therapies, herbal drugs that improve sexual function have gained attention recently. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of ginseng, Tribulus terrestris, and L-arginine amino acid on the sexual performance of individuals with erectile dysfunction (ED) using the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. Methods: Over three months, 98 men with erectile dysfunction were randomly assigned to receive either 500 mg of herbal supplements or placebo pills. Each herbal tablet contained 100 mg of protodioscin, 35 mg of ginsenosides, and 250 mg of L-arginine. Results: The results showed that the changes in the average scores of ILEF-5 within each group before and after the intervention indicated that all parameters related to the improvement of sexual function in patients with erectile dysfunction improved in the herbal treatment group (p < 0.001). The herbal group significantly improved IIEF-5 scores in nondiabetics (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the changes of IIEF-5 scores between the two intervention and control groups in diabetic patients. Conclusion: In conclusion, ginseng, Tribulus terrestris, and L-arginine have properties that increase energy and strengthen sexual function, making them suitable for patients with sexual disorders.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.250.2-251
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• 2002

DA-8159 is a new. highly selective. potent cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor developed by Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company(Kyunggi, Korea) as an oral drug for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. NO- cGMP signal transduction pathway plays a key role for relaxation of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle. In this study. the efficacy of DA-8159 was evaluated by measuring the length of uncovered penile mucosa in spinal cord injury(SCI) rabbits. (omitted)

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.499-501
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• 2000

Paraphilmosis, is a condition in which the extruded penis cannot be withdrawn back into the preputial cavity. In this study, the 2 dogs that showed prolonged erection. exposed penis from the sheath and hair surrounding the prepural orifice for several days, were ana1ysis of blood and urine ard carried out surgical treatment. In urinalysis, there were struvites, spermuria and bactera (streptococci) in urine. Firstly, these dogs were treated with non-surgical method, however severe necrosis of the Penis was developed form prolonged exposure and vascular compromise. Finally, partial penile amputation and preputial lengthening were performed and resulted in successful treatment.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.873-878
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• 2002

OA-8159, a new Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitor, has exhibited potent erectogenic potential in a penile erection test in rats and anesthetized dogs. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of its erectogenic activity by measuring the activity of OA-8159 against a various PDE isozymes and assessing cGMP and cAMP formation in a rabbit corpus cavernosum in vitro. DA-8159 inhibited the PDE 5 activity in rabbit and human platelets, which the $IC_{50}$ was 5.84$\pm$1.70 nM and 8.25$\pm$2.90 nM, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ of DA-8159 on PDE 1, PDE2, PDE 3 and PDE 6 were 870$\pm$57.4 nM, $101\pm$5 $\mu$M, 52.0$\pm$3.53 $\mu$M and 53.3$\pm$2.47 nM, respectively. This suggests that DA-8159 is a potent, highly selective, competitive inhibitor of PDE 5-catalyzed cGMP hydrolysis. The rates of cGMP hydrolysis catalyzed by human platelets-derived PDE 5 as a function of the cGMP concentration (5~100 nM) and two-fixed DA-8159 concentration (11.3 and 18.8 nM) were investigated in order to characterize the mode of PDE 5 inhibition by DA-8159. DA-8159 increased the apparent 4K_{m}$ value for cGMP hydrolysis but had no effect on the apparent $V_{max}$, indicating a competitive mode of inhibition. DA-8159 increased the cGMP concentrations in the rabbit corpus cavernosum dose dependently. In the presence of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), DA-8159 significantly sti\mulated the accu\mulation of cGMP when compared to the control level. This indicated that the enhancement of a penile erection by DA-8159 involved the relaxation of the cavernosal smooth \muscle by NO-sti\mulated cGMP accu\mulation. In conclusion, DA-8159 is a selective inhibitor of PDE 5-catalyzed cGMP hydrolysis and the enhancement of a penile erection by DA-8159 is mediated by the relaxation of the cavernosal smooth \muscle by the NO-sti\mulated cGMP accu\mulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.232-232
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.223-223
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.138.1-138.1
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• 2001

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.431-436
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• 2001

Objective : Erectile dysfunction is defined as the inability to attain and maintain penile rigidity sufficient to allow sexual intercourse. Although erectile dysfunction is usually considered a benign disorder, it has a dramatic impaction quality of life of the patient as well as their sexual partners. we carried out 2 cases of erectile dysfunction patient with cerebral infarction in past history. Method : 2 patients with erectile dysfunction were included in this study. Each patient was treated with palmigihwang-tang and acupuncture. The erection was evaluated clinically by manual palpation and estimated on a 5-point scale as no response, some enlargement, full, enlargement, erection sufficient for intercourse, and full rigidity, In addition ,each patient assessed his satisfaction with the treatment using a 3-point scale as poor, fair, or good Result : 2 cases patients with erectile dysfunction was improved full rigidity by treatment of using palmigihwang-tang and acupunction. Satisfaction with the treatment was reported Good. Conclusion : Treatment of using Palmigihwang-tang and acupuncture was highly effective at producing an erection satisfaction for vaginal intercourse.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.278-282
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• 1998

Various neurotransmitters have been proposed as possible mediators of penile erection. Especially, norepinephrine and serotonin might have a important role in sexual arousal and penile erection. And it could be hypothesized that the psychogenic impotence is associated with the depletion or imbalance of norepinephrine and serotonin from evidences, such as the symptomatic manifestation of depression and the antidepressantinduced sexual dysfunction. The authors investigates the association of norepienphrine and serotonin with psychogenic impotence. The psychogenic impotent group(PIG) consisted of twenty-three patients with psychogenic impotence and the controlled group(CG) consisted of twenty-seven patients without psychogenic impotence. PIG had no organic cause accounting for their erectile dysfunction. The Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) were applied to each subject to assess mood, state anxiety(SA) and trait anxiety(TA). Plasma norepinephrine level from systemic blood and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(HIAA) levels from 24-hours urine were measured in each subject. The mean score of BDI of PIG was significantly higher than that of CG(p=0.015). PIG had a tendency of higher TA compared with CG(p=0.054). And also SA was higher in PIG, but did not show significant difference(p=0.193). The level of norepinephrine was significantly lower in patient with psychogenic impotence(p=0.000). And the level of 24-hours urine 5-HIAA was lower in PIG but did not show significant difference(p=0.494). Although the authors did not exclude depressive disorders in PIG, the present findings suggest that psychogenic impotence might have higher depressive mood and trait anxiety, and be associated with the depletion of norepinephrine in systemic blood.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.209-214
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• 1989

Yasculogenic impotence is produced by abnormalities of vascular blood supply or drainage, and is the most common cause of various organic impotences. An increasing awareness of vascular causes of impotence has resulted from development of various diagnostic tests, but precise measurement of penile blood flow is difficult. Radionuclide penogram has been introduced recently to diagnose vasculogenic impotence. Forty-one impotent patients and 12 normal men were studied with radionuclide erection penogram using Tc-99m pertechnetate and an intracavernous injection of papaverine. We defined arteriogenic impotence as arterial index less than 0.66, and venogenic impotence as venous index greater than 0.09. By this criteria, the false positive ratio in normal men was 17%, and the false negative ratio in radically cystectomized patients was 0%. Side effects were small purpura of the penile shaft and dull pain during injection of papaverine. The radionuclide erection penogram was noninvasive and gave a dynamic evaluation of the arterial supply, venous drainage, and blood flow in the corporeal bodies. This method should be considered as a valuable adjunct to evaluate patients with vasculogenic impotence.