• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.123-133
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• 1989

A clinical evaluation was done on 182 cases of chest trauma which experienced at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, National Medical Center, from Sep. 1980 to Dec. 1987. 1] Of 182 cases, 125 cases resulted from non-penetrating chest trauma and 57 cases from penetrating wound. 2] The ratio of male to female was 4.87:1, and age groups between 3rd and 6th decade were 71.9%. 3] The most common causes of chest trauma were traffic accident in non-penetrating and stab wound by knife in penetrating cases. 4] Left thorax was the preferred site of chest injury. 5] The incidences of hemothorax, pneumothorax, and hemopneumothorax were 69.6% in non-penetrating and 91% in penetrating. 6] Rib fractures between 4th rib and 8th rib were 68.8% of total rib fracture cases and left side was preferred site. 7] Methods of treatment were conservative management in 24.7%, closed thoracostomy in 54.9%, open thoracotomy in 14.3%, and etc. 8] The incidence of complications, were 11.5% of total cases, and they were atelectasis [8 cases], empyema [3 cases], pneumonia [3 cases], acute renal failure [2 cases], lung abscess [1 case], and etc. 9] The overall mortality was 6%, and causes of death were hypovolemic shock, renal failure, hepatic failure, respiratory failure, septic shock, and etc.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.307-315
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• 1988

A clinical analysis was performed on 97 cases of chest injuries experienced at Department of Thoracic and cardiovascular Surgery, Armed Forces Capital Hospital during 2 years period from 1986 to 1988. Of 97 patients of chest trauma, 39 cases were result from penetrating injuries whereas 58 cases were from non-penetrating injuries, and there were 77 cases of hemothorax and / or pneumothorax, 47 of rib fracture, 8 of foreign body, 6 scapular and clavicle fracture, 5 of diaphragmatic injuries, 4 of paraplegia. The majority of chest injuries were encounted in the age group between 21 and 30 years-old, mean age was 25.9 years-old and all cases were male except one. Gun-shot wound was the most common cause in the penetrating injuries and the majority of non-penetrating chest injury patients were traffic accident and fist or kick accounted for next. The principles of therapy for chest trauma were rapid expansion of the lung by closed thoracostomy[45 cases] and thoracentesis only[3 cases] but thoracotomy done at 27 cases because of massive bleeding or intrapleural hematoma, foreign body, cardiac injury, diaphragmatic injury and bronchial rupture. The over-all mortality was 2.07 percent[2 cases among all], a case was from penetrating injuries and another was from non-penetrating injuries.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

This study was conducted to estimate the amounts of the electromagnetic wave penetrating from a cellular phone in a pocket of dress shirt, as well as to test how different the penetration amounts were under the conditions of wearing. It was also investigated the possibilities that the amounts of the electromagnetic wave penetrating could be decreased by using twofold pocket or electromagnetic wave free fabric. The amounts of the electromagnetic wave penetrating were measured in the following five cases; one-layered pocket with 10 different fabrics as dress shirt, a pocket adding a layer of knitted cotton, two-layered pocket with same fabric as dress shirt, two-layered pocket adding a layer of knitted cotton, and one-layered pocket adding a layer of electromagnetic wave free fabric. Each of these five cases were measured using the front and back sides of a cellular phone facing to the body. The results were as follows; 1) The amounts of the electromagnetic wave penetrating were not significantly different in 10 different fabrics and were all above the caution range (0.02mW/$cm^2$). 2) The amounts of the electromagnetic wave penetrating in cases of the back side of the cellular phone to the body, were more than in cases of the front side. 3) There is a significantly differences in part on adding a knitted under wear to one and two layers of the pocket in the case of penetration amount under the wearing conditions. 4) The amounts of the electromagnetic wave penetrating in cases of adding a layer of electromagnetic wave free fabric, were close to the safe standard value of it. The above results suggested that facing the front side of cellular phone to the body and using extra layering with some electromagnetic wave free fabrics might have some protective effects again to the penetration amounts.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.224-230
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• 2023

Purpose: Patients with penetrating injuries are at a high risk of mortality, and many of them require emergency surgery. Proper triage and transfer of the patient to the emergency department (ED), where immediate definitive treatment is available, is key to improving survival. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology and outcomes of patients with penetrating torso injuries in Incheon Metropolitan City. Methods: Data from trauma patients between 2014 and 2018 (5 years) were extracted from the National Emergency Department Information System. In this study, patients with penetrating injuries to the torso (chest and abdomen) were selected, while those with superficial injuries were excluded. Results: Of 66,285 patients with penetrating trauma, 752 with injuries to the torso were enrolled in this study. In the study population, 345 patients (45.9%) were admitted to the ward or intensive care unit (ICU), 20 (2.7%) were transferred to other hospitals, and 10 (1.3%) died in the ED. Among the admitted patients, 173 (50.1%) underwent nonoperative management and 172 (49.9%) underwent operative management. There were no deaths in the nonoperative management group, but 10 patients (5.8%) died after operative management. The transferred patients showed a significantly longer time from injury to ED arrival, percentage of ICU admissions, and mortality. There were also significant differences in the percentage of operative management, ICU admissions, ED stay time, and mortality between hospitals. Conclusions: Proper triage guidelines need to be implemented so that patients with torso penetrating trauma in Incheon can be transferred directly to the regional trauma center for definitive treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.41-48
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• 2015

An investigation of a void and a loose layer of the ground is essential in order to prevent the losses of life and properties caused by subsidence and sinkage of the ground. Recently, studies on the ground penetrating radar survey have been actively conducted in order to estimate the void and the loose layer of the ground. However, an error can be committed by contrarily predicting a dense ground and a loose layer because the ground penetrating radar estimates an interface depth between geo-materials that have different electrical impedances. In this study, a loose ground depth is estimated using the characteristics of the reflected electromagnetic wave obtained from the ground penetrating radar survey. To gather the signals according to the loose ground depths, the ground penetrating radar survey is conducted on a field which underwent a huge ground settlement. In addition, the dynamic cone penetration test is performed to verify the result of the loose ground depth estimation from the ground penetrating radar survey. From the analysis of the reflection characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, a phase of an electromagnetic wave reflected from a denser soil layer is found to be identical with that of the first measured signal. On the other hand, a phase of an electromagnetic wave reflected from the loose soil layer is found to be opposed to that of the first detected signal. The comparison between the dynamic cone penetration index and electromagnetic signals by the ground penetrating radar shows that the estimated depth of the loose or dense layer is perfectly matched with a high reliability. The ground penetrating radar survey and the signal analysis performed in this study can be used not only for the survey of interface depth between the discontinuity layers but also for the estimation of the loose layer.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 2010

Purpose: With the increasing numbers of foreign residents in Korea, the need for an emergency medical care system for foreign patients seems to be growing. Sometimes, a foreigner admitted to an emergency room is not treated sufficiently due to the absence of insurance, facility in the Korean language, and a guardian. The management of a foreigner with trauma in the ER is difficult due to various problems such as social and economic status. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current management status of foreigners with penetrating wounds in the emergency room. Methods: This study is an analysis of 580 patients that were diagnosed with penetrating wounds in one teaching Hospital from Jan. 1, 2008 to Dec. 31, 2008. We analyzed results according to nationality, alcohol ingestion, intentional or accidental trauma, trauma mechanism, injury severity, management time in the ER, and outcome in the ER. Results: Of the total 580 patients, 486 patients (83.8%) were native Koreans and 94 patients (16.2%) were foreigners. According to the Revised Trauma Score, the average score of native Korean patients was 7.808, and the average score of foreign patients was 7.638. Of native Korean patients, 22.6% had knife wounds while 38.3% of foreign patients did. Of native Korean patients, 17.3% experienced intentional trauma while 33.0% of the foreign patients did. Of native Korean patients, 22.5% had ingested alcohol while 49.4% of the foreigners had. Of native Korean patients, 10.5% were admitted while 7.6% of the foreign patients were. Of native Korean patients, 14.2% were discharged against medical advice (DAMA), while 18.5% of foreign patients were. Of native Korean patients, 1.2% ran away while 8.7% of the foreign patients did. Conclusion: Stabbing was the most common cause of penetrating wounds in foreigner patients in this study. Intentional trauma was more common in foreigners with penetrating wounds than in native Koreans. The severity was higher in foreigners with penetrating wounds than it was in native Koreans, and patients who ran away or were discharged against medical advice were more commonly foreigners with penetrating wounds. Social insurance or policy is needed for the management of foreigners with penetrating wounds.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.715-722
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• 1987

A clinical analysis was performed on 823 cases of the chest trauma experienced at department of thoracic & cardiovascular surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital during the past 8 years from Jan, 1978 to Aug. 1986. 1. the ratio of male to female patient of the chest trauma was 3:1 in male predominance. 2. The common age groups were 3rd, 4th and 5th decades. 3. The most common causes of the chest trauma was traffic accidents [79.8%] were injured due to non-penetrating injuries and the remainders [166/823, 20.2%] were injured due to penetrating injuries 4. The frequently injured site of the chest trauma was left side of the chest [46%], and the right side was 42% 5. The most common injury from non-penetrating trauma was rib fracture [77.5%], and the incidence rate of flail chest was 59% of all cases of rib fractures. 6. The incidence rate of hemopneumothorax was 42.9% in non-penetrating traumas, and 84.3% in penetrating traumas. 7. The most common method of surgical treatment was closed tube thoracostomy [37.3%], and open thoracotomy was performed in 71 cases [8.6%]. 8. the overall mortality was 2.2%, and common causes of death were cerebral damage, respiratory insufficiency, and hypovolemic shock.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.87-91
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• 2024

Gunshot-induced chest trauma is exceedingly rare among civilians in South Korea due to strong firearm control policies. In contrast to military reports emphasizing the use of emergent open thoracotomy to increase chances of survival, most penetrating non-cardiac injuries in civilian settings are managed conservatively, such as through chest tube insertion, as they typically result from lower-energy bullets. However, early surgical intervention for penetrating gunshot wounds can help reduce delayed fatalities caused by septic complications from pneumonia or empyema. The advent of minimally invasive thoracic surgery has provided cost-effective and relatively non-invasive treatment options, aided in the prevention of potential complications from undrained hematomas, and facilitated functional recovery and reintegration into society. We successfully treated a patient with a penetrating gunshot wound to the chest using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.177-180
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• 2001

A decoupled, wide-band, perfectly magnetically conductor(PMC)-backed air waveguide antenna is designed and constructed for the use of the continuous electromagnetic wave ground penetrating radar in the frequency range from 200MHz to 600MHz. Two planar dipoles are located inside air slab covered by PMC on the top side and separated by an air gap from the bottom ground interface. The coupling between the transmitting and the receiving dipoles is calculated by less than -60dB over the frequency from 200MHz to 600MHz.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1131-1134
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• 1999

After a penetrating thoracic injury early detection of intracardiac injury and early surgical repair when indicated are essential. A case presenting severe respiratory distress two weeks after a penetrating thoracic injury is reported. Transesophageal echocardiography showed massive pericardial effusion ventricular septal defect and mirtal regurgitation, The infundibular ventricular septal perforation was repaired using a Dacron patch the anterior mitral leaflet by interrupted sutures and the ruptured chordae of the posterior leaflet by a new chordae formation.