• Title/Summary/Keyword: peanut cultivars

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Change in Storage Protein during Germination of Peanut Seed (땅콩발아시 저장단백질의 변화)

  • 김종진;박재욱;신동현
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.564-570
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    • 1994
  • This experiment was conducted to determine seed storage protein pattern and structural character of differed peanut cultivars during germination. Soluble protein content in both Namdae and Daekwang cultivars remarkably decreased in cotyledon site at 2 or 3 days after incubation(DAI) and in embryonic axis site at 1 or 2 DAI, showing 28∼29% in cotyledon site and 10% in embryonic axis site at 5 DAI. Protein subunits such as 66, 43, 40 and 35.5kD bands in the cotyledon site of Namdae and Daekwang cultivars disappeared, but 21.5-23kD band disappeared slightly, but low polypeptide band such as 14-16kD increased gradually, and the same trend has been obserbed in embryonic axis site during 2 DAI. The amount of new protein formed during germination period was highest in cotyledon site at 3 DAI, and in embryonic axis site at 2 DAI. 16kD bend detected in cotyledon site of Daekwang cultivar during germination.

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Inflorescence Habits of Different Plant Types in Peanut (땅콩의 초형별 개화습성)

  • 배석복;김종진
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.42 no.6
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    • pp.841-848
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    • 1997
  • This study was conducted to investigate the inflorescence habit mainly on major in farmer's peanut cultivar of the Shinpung plant type "Daekwang" of sequential branching and the Virginia plant type "Daepung" of alternate branching until maximum flowering dates. All flowers of two pairs of opposite branch in "Daekwang" showed almost symmetrical flowering order and in "Daepung" also showed similar tendency though it had somewhat irregalar alternate branching type in opposite branches. The lowest node in each branch had seven flowers while upper nodes had less flowers in this period. The first flower in "Daekwang" was born at first node of second branch of cotyledonary branches compared to those of "Daepung" at first reproductive branch of cotyledonary branches. One pair of cotyledonary branches had two-thirds of total flowers in two cultivars. Dates of average flower proceeding between nodes in each branch of "Daekwang" were appeared 4.32 days in main axil, 1st and 2nd opposite primary branches were 4.44 and 5.13 days, and 1st and 2nd secondary branches were 5.81 and 6.41 days respectively, but "Daepung" showed similar flower proceeding dates in all branches. but "Daepung" showed similar flower proceeding dates in all branches.

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Seed Development and Germinability of Unripened Seed in Peanuts (땅콩 종실의 발육과 미숙종자의 발아력)

  • 김석동;이성우;박장환
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.333-337
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    • 1997
  • Pods and kernels of two peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars, a Shinpung type, Shindaekwangtangkong and a Virginia bunch type, Namdaetangkong were harvested periodically after the gynophore earthing in the field condition and their developments were monitored by observation of the changes in size, weight and moisture content. Seed germinability and seedling vigor were tested to set up a method for hastening the generation advancement in breeding procedure. Pods and kernels reached the maximum in size at 30 to 40 days after gynophore earthing and at that time the kernels had one hundred percent germinability and the seedlings sprouted from those kernels exhibited practically acceptable viability enough to grow for the next generation.

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Cultivar Selection for Peanut Sprouts and Investigation on the Growth Stage for the High Level of Resveratrol (땅콩나물용 품종선발과 고함량 레스베라트롤 생육단계 구명)

  • Park, Eun-Ji;Lee, Gyu-Bin;Heo, You;Son, Beung-Gu;Choi, Young-Whan;Lee, Yong-Jae;Park, Young-Hoon;Lim, Chae-Shin;Kang, Jum-Soon
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.63-68
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to find out optimum cultivars, and growth temperature and stage in peanut sprout for resveratrol production. Morphological characteristic, days to 50% of the final germination percentage($T_{50}$) and early growth vigor were measured in 8 different peanut varieties. In result 'Jopyeong' appeared to be the most appropriate cultivar for peanut production because of its lower contamination rate, lesser lateral root formation, and thicker hypocotyl length. Optimum temperature for growing peanut sprouts was determined 27. Content of resveratrol was examined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) to investigate appropriate growth stage of peanut sprouts for resveratrol production. Resveratrol was higher than $17.0{\mu}g/g$ in peanuts sprouts 9 days after plating. Considering peanut sprout's shapes and content of resveratrol into account, it was most appropriate to harvest in 9-day after germination.

Effect of Plant Population Densities on the Severity of tate Leaf Spot and Rust of Groundnut

  • Pande, S.;Rao, J.Narayana
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.271-278
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    • 2002
  • The effect of five plant population densities [5 (D$_1$), 10 (D$_2$), 20 (D$_3$), 30 (D$_4$), and 40 (D$_{5}$) plants/m$^2$] of four groundnut cultivars [ICGV 86699, ICG (FDRS) 10, ICGS 11 and TMV 2] and fungicide application (Kavach, chlorothalonil) to manage late leaf spot (LLS) and rust were studied in a field experiment during the 1995 and 1996 rainy seasons. LLS and rust severities were low in fungicide sprayed plots in all the cultivars irrespective of plant densities. Severities of LLS and rust, and percentage defoliation caused by LLS were significantly more in higher plant densities (D$_4$, D$_{5}$) than in lower plant densities (D$_1$, D$_2$, D$_3$) in fungicide sprayed and unsprayed plots in all the cultivars. All the cultivars gave significantly higher haulm and pod yields in fungicide sprayed plots than in unsprayed plots. Haulm and pod yields were significantly higher in higher plant densities than in lower plant densities. A combination of higher plant densities (D$_4$, D$_{5}$) and fungicide protection against LLS and rust gave maximum yield.yield.

Effect on Fat and Fatty Acid Compositions of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) According to Several Sowing Season (파종기(播種期)가 땅콩의 지방(脂肪) 및 지방산(脂肪酸) 조성(組成)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Cho, Gyu-Seong;Joung, Re-Pou
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.182-186
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    • 1985
  • In order to determine the optimum sowing date of peanut in the middle part of Korea, peanut's 100-grain-weight and physico-chemical compositions for peanut cultivars such as runner (Yeoju landrace), semi-spanish (Suweon No. 15) and spanish types (Wasedairu) to different seeding date which planted at interval of ten days from May 5 to July 4, in 1981, was carried out. The 100-grain-weight and crude fat of peanut were increased from May 5 to May 25, but after that decreased. And the 100-grain-weight of peanut was great in order of Wasedairu, Suweon No. 15 and Yeoju landrace. The highest amount of crude fat was seen in peanuts which was sown at May 25 and May 15. Unsaturated fatty acids are composed of $80{\sim}85%$ of oleic and linoleic acid, but saturated fatty acids are constituted of $10{\sim}15%$ of palmitic acid and $1{\sim}5%$ of stearic and arachidic acid. Composition ratio of fatty acid in peanut was changed greatly according to sowing date. According to the late sowing date linoleic and palmitic acid were increased but oleic acid was decreased, respectively.

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Identification and Characterization of Phytochemicals from Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Pods

  • Lee, Jin-Hwan;Baek, In-Youl;Ha, Tae-Joung;Choung, Myoung-Gun;Ko, Jong-Min;Oh, Sea-Kwan;Kim, Hyun-Tae;Ryu, Hyung-Won;Park, Keum-Yong;Park, Ki-Hun
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.475-482
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    • 2008
  • Methanol extracts of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pods were chromatographed, which yielded 3 phytochemicals 1-3 including 5,7-dihydroxychromone (1), eriodictyol (2), and 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone (3). To confirm the presence of isolated phytochemicals, the pods extracts were performed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) and a mass spectrometric detector (MSD) with electrospray ionization (ESI). Optimum extraction conditions for phytochemical contents using peanut germplasm were obtained by employing 90% MeOH for 12 hr at room temperature and phytochemicals 1-3 showed significant differences with concentrations of $407.56{\pm}23.35$, $52.92{\pm}5.11$, and $2,024.34{\pm}134.18\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively. Under this optimal conditions, the contents of phytochemicals 1-3 in peanut pods of 3 Korea cultivars including 'Jakwang', 'Daekwang', and 'Palkwang' exhibited phytochemical 3 was the highest range of $1,338.01-5,162.93\;{\mu}g/g$, followed by phytochemical 1 ($590.13-1,382.10\;{\mu}g/g$), and phytochemical 2 ($25.12-186.85\;{\mu}g/g$), respectively. Moreover, 'Jakwang' exhibited the highest contents of phytochemical (1: $1,362.10{\pm}52.49$, 2: $186.85{\pm}17.69$, and 3: $5,162.93{\pm}148.64\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively), whereas the lowest contents was found in the 'Daekwang' (1: $590.13{\pm}22.23$, 2: $25.12{\pm}2.45$, and 3: $1,338.01{\pm}62.17\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively). These results suggest that the methanol extracts of peanut pods may possess health related benefits to humans owing to various known biological activities of phytochemicals 1-3.

Ecological Characteristics for each of Plant Types in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) II. Difference of Fruiting Habit for each of Plant Types (땅콩의 초형별 생태적 특성에 관한 연구 II. 땅콩의 초형별 결실습성 차이)

  • 이정일;박용환
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.291-297
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    • 1984
  • The peanut, unlike other plants, has three distinct steps in the reproductive process. These are the flowers, the peg and the fruit. This research was designed in the field to determine the difference of fruiting habit for each of plant types of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in peanut culture limiting region. Eight cultivars representing four plant types, i.e., Virginia, Spanish, Valencia and Shinpung types. Number of pegs per plant produced in order of Spanish, Valencia, Virginia, Shinpung, Virginia type. The Virginia small seed type produced the most pods per plant. The shinpung type showed more percentage of matured pod than other types and early pot-set habit. Distribution of mature pods for each of branch positions to total mature pods occupied 63% on two cotyledonary branchs, 34% on 3rd to 5th branchs, 3% on over 6th branchs. Shinpung type was considered more favorable plant type than other types for breeding of early maturing high yielding variety because of early pot-set and high percentage of mature pod.

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Effect of Cultural Practice and Harvest Time on Yield Components of Peanut (땅콩의 재배방법 및 수확시기가 수량구성 형질에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeong-Hae Oh
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.347-354
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    • 1992
  • Late harvest in peanut has often resulted in reduced yield and dissipation of labor by virtue of increasing over-matured pods causing the pod shattering. Present study was conducted to obtain a basic information for deciding optimum harvest time of the peanut in Chungbuk province by examination of yield components at different harvest time of leading cultivars Saedl and Youngho cultivated with vinyl mulching or non-mulching conditions. Peg number and pod number were significantly increased by vinyl mulching and also significantly different by the harvest time. Pod number increased with the lapse of days after flowering was gradually decreased from 100 days after flowering in saedl and 110 days in Youngho. Number of seed-bearing pods and matured seed percent were significantly increased by vinyl mulching and had tendency to increase with the lapse of days after flowering. There was no significant difference in number of over-matured pods and pod shattering percent between vinyl mulching and non-mulching. They increased drastically in 110 days after flowering in Saedl, but in 120 days after flowering in Youngho, Increase in 100 seed weight by vinyl mulching was statistically nonsignificant in both varieties, however, total seed yield was significantly increased by vinyl mulching, showing maximum yield in 100 days after flowering in the variety Saedl and 110 days in Youngho, respectively, Seed yield was negatively correlated to peg number and positively correlated to pod number, seed-bearing pod number, pod shattering percent, matured seed percent and 100 seed weight, respectively.

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Relationship between Virulence and Cultural Characteristics in Calonectria ilicicola (Calonectria ilicicola의 병원성과 배양적 특성간의 상호관계)

  • Kim, K.D.;Russin, J.S.;Snow, J.P.;Valverde, R.A.
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.26 no.3 s.86
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    • pp.387-395
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    • 1998
  • Mycelial growth, production of microsclerotia and perithecia, and presence of double-stranded RNA were examined in Calonectria ilicicola isolates from several hosts to detect morphological and/or genetic markers for comparison with levels of virulence. Variability in disease severity, production of microsclerotia and perithecia, and mycelial growth was observed across all isolates. None of 35 isolates of C. ilicicola examined contained detectable levels of double-stranded RNA. Disease severity on soybean cultivars correlated positively with production of both microsclerotia and perithecia. Mycelial growth correlated negatively with production of perithecia. Virulence on the cultivars and production of microsclerotia and perithecia were greater in isolates of C. ilicicola from soybean than those from peanut. These results suggest that the ability of isolates to produce microsclerotia and perithecia is a component of inoculum potential. Perithecia production may serve as a useful marker for characterizing virulence or host specialization in this homothallic fungus.

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