• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 1998

On contraction of the muscles, marked changes in X-ray reflections are observed, suggesting that conformational changes of contractile molecules and the movement of myosin heads during muscle contraction. The time needed to the peak tension after the onset of stimulation and the amount of peak tension depend on the number of twitch cycle. It was found that the successive twitches decreased not only the time needed to the peak tension after the onset of stimulation but also the time needed to the maximum change of the X-ray intensity. However, the difference of the time between the peak tension and the maximum intensity change($T_{i}-I_{i}$) is nearly the same at any twitch. Based on these results the causes of the decrease of $T_{i}$ and $I_{i}$, and physiological implication of $T_{i}-I_{i}$ are discussed.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.47-51
• /
• 2015

We measured radial arterial pulse signals using a prototype of a clip-type pulsimeter equipped with a permanent magnet and a Hall device, which produced signals through a voltage-detecting circuit. The systolic peak time and the reflective peak time for a temporally pulsed signal were analyzed for an arbitrary pulse wave at one position of a small permanent magnet. The measured value of the peripheral pulse wave velocity was about 1.25-1.52 m/s, demonstrating the accuracy of this new method. To measure the peripheral blood flow velocity, we simultaneously connected the radial artery pulsimeter to a photoplethysmography meter. The average value of the peripheral blood flow velocity was about 0.27-0.50 m/s.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제51권5호
• /
• pp.417-424
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 농업용 저수지의 저수율, 선행토양함수조건(AMC) 및 Huff 시간분포가 첨두유출량에 미치는 영향을 몬테칼로 시뮬레이션을 통해 분석하였다. 저수지 저수율, 선행토양함수조건 및 Huff 시간분포의 적용에 따라 4가지 경우에 대해 첨두홍수량을 산정하고 비교한 결과, 50~300년 빈도의 첨두홍수량은 저수율 100% 또는 AMC­III로 일괄 적용했을 때 각 조건의 발생확률을 고려한 첨두홍수량에 비해 20~30% 크게 산정되었다. Huff 3분위를 일괄 적용했을 때의 첨두홍수량은 발생확률을 고려한 Huff 분위 적용에 비해 5% 크게 산정되어, AMC와 저수지 저수율에 비해 첨두홍수량에 미치는 영향이 적었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제56권11호
• /
• pp.785-799
• /
• 2023

본 연구에서는 차첨두 상수(Secondary Peak Constant, SPC)라는 개념을 새롭게 정의하고, 서울특별시 24개의 강우 관측소 내 분 단위와 차첨두 상수에 따른 독립 호우사상의 시간분포 특성을 파악했다. 먼저, 강우량은 2000년부터 2022년까지의 지상 관측값을 활용하여, 분 단위에 따라 독립 호우사상을 분리했다. 독립 호우사상의 시간분포 특성은 분 단위에 따라 도출하고, SPC를 통해 독립 호우사상의 첨두 강우에 대한 시간분포 특성을 파악했다. 마지막으로, 독립 호우사상 내 강우의 시간분포 특성은 분 단위와 SPC에 따라 다르게 나타나는 결과를 분석하고, 그 수준을 평가했다. 그 결과, 서울특별시 내 24개 강우 관측소의 분 단위가 작은 독립 호우사상은 총 강우량, 강우 지속기간, 강우강도의 크기가 크게 나타났다. 첨두 강우의 시간분포 특성은 독립 호우사상 내 가장 큰 첨두 강우(1^st Peak)가 전반적으로 Q4>Q2>Q3>Q1 순으로 나타나는 특성을 지녔다. 또한, 두 번째로 큰 첨두 강우는 독립 호우사상 내 1^st Peak가 발생한 위치를 중심으로 주로 발생하는 모습을 나타냈다. 마지막으로, 다중첨두를 가진 호우사상의 비율은 SPC에 따라 다르게 나타나지만, SPC가 0.7 이하인 조건에서는 대부분 50.0% 이상을 차지했다. 독립 호우사상 내 첨두 강우의 평균 개수는 전반적으로 1.5개에서 크게는 3.4개까지 계산되었다. 본 연구에서는 분 단위에 따라 변화하는 시간분포 특성을 파악하고, SPC를 활용하여 첨두 강우의 시간분포 특성을 정량화하였다. 이를 통해, 특정 지역에 대한 독립 호우사상의 시간분포 특성은 분 단위와 SPC에 따라 정량화하여 분석할 수 있을 것으로 나타난다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제6권5호
• /
• pp.658-665
• /
• 2011

In the present paper, a novel fast peak detector for single- or three-phase unsymmetrical voltage sags is proposed. The proposed detector is modified from a single-phase digital phase-locked loop based on a d-q transformation using an all-pass filter (APF). APF generates a virtual phase with $90^{\circ}$ phase delay. However, this virtual phase cannot reflect a sudden change of the grid voltage in the moment of voltage sag, which causes a peak value to be significantly distorted and to settle down slowly. Specifically, the settling time of the peak value is too long when voltage sag occurs around a zero crossing, such as phase $0^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$. This paper describes the operating principle of the APF problem and proposes a modified all-pass filter (MAPF) to mitigate the inherent APF problem. In addition, a new fast peak detector using MAPF is proposed. The proposed detector is able to calculate a peak value within 0.5 ms, even when voltage sag occurs around zero crossing. The proposed fast peak detector is compared with the conventional detector using APF. Results show that the proposed detector has faster detection time in the whole phase range. Furthermore, the proposed fast peak detector can be effectively applied to unsymmetrical three-phase voltage sags. Simulation and experimental results verify the advantages of the proposed detector and MAPF.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제10권2호통권23호
• /
• pp.119-132
• /
• 2007

This study was performed to determine whether a pulse analyzer was useful 1) to characterize the variables of pulse wave of cerebral infarction patieno (CI), compared with those of healthy subjects, as well as 2) to determine Sasang Constitution in CI and healthy subjects. 1. Calibrated in Gwan, the amount of energy(Energy), height of main peak(H1), height of aorticvalley(H2), height of aortic peak(H3), total area of pulse wave(At), and area of main peak width(Aw) of the CI group were higher than those of the healthy group. 2. Calibrated in Cheek, Energy, H1, H2, H3, height of valve valley(H4), At, Aw, and main peak angle(MPA) of the CI group were higher than those of the healthy group. 3. Among the healthy (subjects) group, Taeumin showed the highest contact pressure(CP) and height of valve peak(H5) calibrated in Chon. The main peak width divided by whole time of pulse wave(MPW/T) calibrated in Gwan and Cheok, was highest in Soyangin and was lowest in Taeumin. The H3 divided by H1(H3/H1) and the time to valve valley minus the time to main peak and divided by T[(T4-T1)/T] calibrated in Cheek were highest in Soyangin. The time to main peak(T1) was longest in Soumin. 4. Among the CI group, At calibrated in Chon was widest in Taeumin and was narrowest in Soumin The time to aortic peak(T3) calibrated in Cheek was longest in Soumin and was shortest in Soyangin. The time to valve peak(T5) was shortest in Soyangin. 5. There were main effects of cerebral infarction in the area of systolic period(As) and area of diastolic period(Ad) calibrated in Chon, Energy calibrated in Cwan, and Energy, H1, H2, H3, (H4+H5)/Hl, and MPA calibrated in Cheek. 6. There were main effects of Sasang Constitution in (T4-T1)/T, area of systolic period(As), and Ad calibrated in Chon. 7. The interactions between the cerebral infarction and Sasang Constitution were observed in H5/H1 , T, At, As, Ad, and MPA calibrated in Chon, H4, T4, (T4-T1)/T, As, and Ad calibrated in Cwan, and 74,75, and MPW calibrated in Cheok. Therefore, we concluded that pulse analyzer was useful to determine the risk degree of cerebral infarction and Sasang Constitution.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제56권10호
• /
• pp.655-665
• /
• 2023

본 연구에서는 일정한 경사와 조도를 갖는 가상 유역에서 10가지 규모의 강수가 순간적으로 발생할 때 단위유량도를 산출하였다. 그런 다음 강수 규모에 대하여 단위유량도 첨두유량의 관계와 첨두발생시간의 관계를 각각 산출하였다. 이때 강수 규모만이 유역의 단위유량도 첨두치에 주는 영향을 파악하기 위해서 자연 유역을 대신하여 마름모 형태, 일정 경사, 일정 조도의 유로 환경 상태 등으로 단순화한 가상 유역을 적용하였다. 그리고 유역에 내린 강수는 유효우량이고 유출은 직접유출이고 낙하지점에서 출구 방향으로 직선적인 등류로 유출된다고 가정하였다. 강수 규모를 10가지로 유효강수 10 mm, 40 mm, 90 mm, 160 mm, 250 mm, 360 mm, 640 mm, 1,000 mm, 1,210 mm, 1,690 mm의 경우로 하여 단위유량도의 첨두유량과 첨두발생시간을 각각의 관계를 산출하였다. 본 연구에서 주목할 만한 성과는 유역의 저류 효과가 없어도 강수 규모가 커질수록 유출 깊이가 커져서 유역의 유속이 빨라지고 단위 시간당 유하 거리도 커지므로 첨두유량은 커지고 첨두발생시간은 빨라진다는 것이었다. 이는 유역 유출의 비선형적 특성이다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
• /
• pp.161-163
• /
• 2006

This paper introduce the technology of peak demand reduction using automatic water tank pumping system on the apartment. That systems on the apartments installed water tank can control pumping(electricity) demand. Generally, system peak demand is occurred at the same time on workday and many water pumps consume electric power randomly. At this point, shift of operating time of water pump can reduce peak demand using automatic water tank pumping system. We were operating this system on some apartments for test of effect of peak demand reduction. and we represent result of demand shift. This result suggests that spread of the automatic water pumping system can contribute to reduce system peak demand and reduce system operation cost.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제64권7호
• /
• pp.1125-1129
• /
• 2015

Increasing peak load is one of the major concerns about operation of urban railroad systems. Since ESSs (Energy Storage Systems) have a great potential for shaving the peak load, there has been a growing interest in the use of ESS for peak load reduction. Also, ESS can be optimally scheduled to minimize the electricity purchasing cost under a given ToU (Time-of-Use) tariff by taking advantage of electricity price difference between peak and off-peak time. This paper presents a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP)-based ESS scheduling method to minimize the electricity purchasing cost under a ToU tariff for an urban railroad system.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.680-685
• /
• 2010

Although LLC resonant converters have the advantages of a wide operation range and high efficiency, the lack of an analytical solution for the peak gain makes it difficult to optimize the resonant tank design, when considering not only the normal condition but also the holdup time requirement. In this paper, based on a mathematical analysis of a LLC resonant converter at the peak gain point, an analytical solution for the peak gain has been developed. By using the developed analytical solution, the peak gain with given resonant tank parameters can be obtained. To confirm the validity of the developed analytical solution, simulations and experimental results are compared.