• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2004

Fe and Si are common impurity elements in the aluminum alloys. In this investigation, the effects of the addition of Fe and Si on the age-hardening behaviors of the Al-Cu-Mn-Ti-Zr-Cd casting alloys were examined through hardness measurements, calorimetric techniques and observation of the transmission electron microscopy. The addition of Fe depresses the formation of GPII and ${\theta}'$, and thus retards the peak aging time and reduces the peak hardness of the Al-Cu-Mn-Ti-Zr-Cd alloys. On the contrary, the addition of Si accelerates the formation of GPII and ${\theta}'$ and thus accelerates age-hardening behaviors of the Al-Cu-Mn-Ti-Zr-Cd alloys.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.621-630
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to -retrospectively describe the childhood sports activity level of Korean adult men and women and to determine whether a higher level of childhood sports activity was positively associated with adult bone mineral density. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 100 Korean men (n=40) and women (n=60) was completed. Participants completed a detailed lifetime sports activity questionnaire and had their bone mineral density of the femur and lumbar spine measured using dual energy x-ray densitometry (DEXA). All sports activities were classified into four categories of peak strain score on the basis of ground reaction forces (GRF). Results: During the age of high school, women and men who participated in a high intensity sports activity demonstrated higher bone density in the femur site after adjustment for the effects of body weight, fat body mass, lean body mass, the level of calcium intake, and breast feeding period than those who did not participate in sports activity at all. Conclusion: These results highlight the need to participate in high intensity sports activity during high school age as a means of increasing peak bone mass in the femur site.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.170-179
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• 1993

Three hundred consecutive adult patients having cardioaortic surgery under the cardiopulmonary bypass for a variety of cardioaortic lesions were evaluated retrospectively for postoperative hyperbilirubinemia[above 5mg/100ml].We found twenty eight patients with postoperative hyperbilirubinemia and divided them into two groups according to the postoperative day of peak s-bilirubin .Group A was the patients with a peak s-bilirubin level within three days ,and group B above three days postoperatively.Group B was divided into group S[survive] and group D[death] . We had compaired the survival & death group and observed the correlation between the decreasing tendency of postoperative s-bilirubin & the nutrition per os in group B. The incidence of postoperative hyperbilirubinemia,as defined by a s-bilirubin concentration of 5.0mg/100ml or greater,was 9.3%.The mortality rates of group A & B were 0.0% and 35.7% respectively.Important contributing factors between group A & B were the age,duration of ICU,Max.DOAB[maximum dose of catecholamine used],amount of blood transfused during or shortly after surgery and preoperative pulmonary hypertension[main pulmonary artery pressure > 30mmHg] and backward heart failure. The risking factors of group D compared to group S were as follows the age,preoperative & postoperative SGOT[serum glutamic-oxaloacetic trasaminase],postoperative total & indirect bilirubin,cardiopulmonary bypass time,duration of ICU & mechanical ventilation ,Max.DOAB,preoperative pulmonary hypertension and backward heart failure.The six patients in group B showed good correlation between the decreasing point of s-bilirubin and the starting day of oral or tube feeding.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.790-797
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate bone density and risk factors related to osteopenia to unmarried young adult women. Methods: The subjects consisted of 125 female college students. SPSS 12.0 program was used for the data analysis with t-test, ${\chi}^2-test$. The BMD of the calcaneus and body mass index (BMI) were measured with peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry. Other physical characteristics were measured with a scale and questionnaires. Results: The general characteristics of these people showed that the average age was 22.1 years old and that the average BMI was 20.8. The mean of BMD was normal, but 24.8% were osteopenia, 75.2% were normal. In the normal and osteopenia groups, there were significant differences in the status of the BMD according to age, height, weight, BMI, regular exercise, house chores, and the experiences of being on a diet. Conclusion: Women in their twenties had some osteoporosis risk, but they can change their BMD by doing regular exercise and by eating food to peak bone mass. For building peak bone mass, they need take exercise programs and education programs to prevent osteoporosis and follow-up care.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.466-469
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• 2002

The data on 512 Hariana cows, progeny of 20 sires calved during period from 1974 to 1993 maintained at Government Livestock Farm, Hisar were considered for the estimation of genetic parameters. The means for first lactation milk yield (FLY), wet average (WA), first lactation peak yield (FPY), first lactation milk yield per day of first calving interval (MCI) and first lactation milk yield per day of age at second calving (MSC) were 1,141.58 kg, 4.19 kg/day, 6.24 kg/day, 2.38 kg/day and 0.601 kg/day, respectively. The effect of period of calving was significant (p<0.05) on WA, FPY and MCI while the effect of season of calving was significant only on WA. Monsoon calvers excelled in performance for all the production efficiency traits. The effect of age at first calving (linear) was significant on all the traits except on MCI. Estimates of heritabilty for all the traits were moderate and ranged from 0.255 to 0.333 except for WA (0.161). All the genetic and phenotypic correlations among different production efficiency traits were high and positive. It may be inferred that selection on the basis of peak yield will be more effective as the trait is expressed early in life and had reasonably moderate estimate of heritability.

• Journal of The Association for Neo Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 1996

A clinical observation was done on 98 cases performed neurometer diagnosis before Guibitang administration first, and rechecked neurometer diagnosis after Guibitang administration for 10 days. Electric current post administration was compared with ant administration. The following result were obtained. 1. A peak incidence was observed in 30-39 age group. 37 cases(37.8%) were in 30-39 age group. The ratio of male to female was 1:31.7. 2. Chief complaints were fatigue, menoxenia, indigestion, anorexia, constipation, headache, palpitation, insomnia etc. 3. The common result of neurometer point checking was that patients who had the pecularity of low electric current were much than patients who had the pecularity of high electric current. 4. By neurometer diagnosis a peak incidence was observed in gallbladder. Increment was also highest in gallbladder. Gallbladder has a function of psychomotility in oriental physiology. ?5. After Guibitang administration the increment of neurometer electric current was comparatively high in kidney, stomach, small intestine meridian. According to the above menthioned results I consider that Guibitang has the curative effects along the meridian selectively. and increases in function or preserves health within physycal limit.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.166-172
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• 1996

The alopecia is classified to Alopecia areata, Telogen effluvium, Anagen effluvium and Androgenetic alopecia. The exact cause of alopecia is not known, but a inherent and immunologic anc psychosomatic and endocrinic factors are suspected. We analysed clinical study in 77 patients, who had visited to the Dept. of Dermatology, Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University to treat alopecia from June, 1994 to March, 1995. The results were summarized as follows; 1. In the series of 77 patients, $52\%\;were\;male\;and\;48\%$ were female. The peak incidence of age group was 20 to 29 ($55\%$). 2. The peak incidence of age group at on set was 20 to 29 ($49\%$). 3. The most frequent feature was insomnia ($25\%$). Frequent appeared signs and symptoms in descending order were head itching, head scale, fatigue and dizziness. 4. The personal history of patient were seborrheic dermatitis ($17\%$), atopic dermatitis, disorder of thyroid gland and acne in descending order. 5. The patients with family history occupied $25\%$. 6. Shineung Yangjin Dan was most used in treatments as $36\%$.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2021

While recent acoustic studies have reported associations of fronted sibilants (fricatives /s s⁎/ and affricates /tɕ tɕ⁎/) with gender in Seoul Korean, there have not been any studies examining the relationship of the variants with adult speakers' ages. The current study analyzes sibilant productions from 39 adult speakers born between 1942 and 2008 (19 females) in terms of spectral peak frequencies (SPFs) in frication, an acoustic index of place of articulation (POA). The results indicate some phonetic contexts where higher sibilant SPFs, i.e., fronter POAs, are associated with younger adults and those fronted variants are realized in a gender-differentiated manner -- tense affricates and word-initial tense fricatives before /i/ in the females' productions, and word-medial tense fricatives before /a/ in the males' productions. The findings confirm that the distributions of the fronted sibilants are accounted for not only by the speakers' gender but also by their ages, indicating that the fronted variants are innovative forms of realizing sibilants in Seoul Korean. In addition, the current results convincingly show that the fronted sibilant variants are not mere reflections of individuals' physiological differences since they are not observed across all of the examined phonetic contexts.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Purpose: Sarcopenia is defined as a decrease in muscle mass, strength, and function with age that affects overall body function. We aimed to investigate the effect of combined training on body composition, balance, and muscle function in sarcopenia elderly. Research design, data, and methodology: Twenty-eight sarcopenia elderly (age 74.9±4.5 years) were randomly assigned to an exercise, EG (n=14), or a control, CG (n=14), group. The EG performed an intervention consisting of combined exercise training (60-75 min) for a total of 12 weeks, three times a week. The CG maintained their usual daily lifestyle during the intervention period. We measured body weight, body mass index (BMI), % body fat, free fat mass, balance ability, peak torque in shoulder, knee, and lumbar joints normalized for bodyweight in one second. Results: The EG showed improved body composition (i.e., BMI, fat-free body mass, fat mass; all p < 0.031, η² > 0.179), balance (i.e., right and left of static and dynamic balance and fast 10 m walk; all p < 0.049, η² > 0.152), and muscular function (i.e., 90°/sec and 180°/sec peak power per kg bodyweight, 90°/sec average power per kg bodyweight, 180°/sec total work, and 180°/sec endurance ratio; all p < 0.045, η² > 0.158). Conclusions: Combined exercise training improves muscle mass and strength, body composition, balance, and muscle function in sarcopenia elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the maximum knee strength and endurance of elderly Korean women with Kellgren-Lawrence grade (K-L II) by age. METHODS: In this study, the total number of participants was 50, divided into five groups of 10 by age. Maximum knee muscle strength was measured at a low speed of 60°/sec using Biodex, an isokinetic device for comparison of maximum knee muscle strength, whereas muscle endurance was measured by muscle contraction at a high speed of 180°/sec. The peak torque values of the extensor and flexor muscles in the muscle strength and muscle endurance tests were collected according to each classification. RESULTS: The results of the experiment show that maximum muscle strength and muscle endurance decreased significantly at 60°/sec and 180°/sec during flexion and extension according to age (p<.05). In particular, the age group of 71 to 75 years showed the most significant correlation with other age groups (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study can be used as basic data for increasing physical activity and muscle strength in women with knee osteoarthritis.