• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2023

Objective: Reconstructed oocytes after polar body genome transfer constitute a potential therapeutic option for patients with a history of embryo fragmentation and advanced maternal age. However, the rescue of genetic material from the first polar body (PB1) through introduction into the donor cytoplasm is not yet ready for clinical application. Methods: Eighty-five oocytes were obtained following in vitro maturation (IVM) and divided into two groups: PB1 nuclear transfer (PB1NT; n=54) and control (n=31). Following enucleation and PB1 genomic transfer, PB1 fusion was assessed. Subsequently, all fused oocytes underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and were cultured in an incubator under a time-lapse monitoring system to evaluate fertilization, embryonic morphokinetic parameters, and cleavage patterns. Results: Following enucleation and fusion, 77.14% of oocytes survived, and 92.59% of polar bodies (PBs) fused. However, the normal fertilization rate was lower in the PB1NT group than in the control group (56.41% vs. 92%, p=0.002). No significant differences were observed in embryo kinetics between the groups, but a significant difference was detected in embryo developmental arrest after the four-cell stage, along with abnormal cleavage division in the PB1NT group. This was followed by significant between-group differences in the implantation potential rate and euploidy status. Most embryos in the PB1NT group had at least one abnormal cleavage division (93.3%, p=0.001). Conclusion: Fresh PB1NT oocytes successfully produced normal zygotes following PB fusion and ICSI in IVM oocytes. However, this was accompanied by low efficiency in developing into cleavage embryos, along with an increase in abnormal cleavage patterns.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2001

본 연구는 Pb중독이 rat의 생리현상에 미치는 영향을 구명 하고자 연속적 인 Pb acetate 투여가 사료와 물섭취량, 증체량, 혈액치 및 장기내 무기물 수준의 변동을 측정하였다. 1. Pb acetate 1,000, 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 사료섭취량은 정상대조군에 비해 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타냈고 용량이 증가할수록 사료섭 취 량은 유의 한 감소를 나타냈다. 2. Pb acetate 1,000, 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 음수량은 정상대조군에 비해 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타냈고 Pb 용량이 증가할수록 음수량은 감소하였다. 3. Pb acetate 1,000, 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 증체량은 정상대조군에 비해 약간 감소된 수준을 나타냈으나 Pb용량이 증가할수록 증체량은 점차 감소하였다. 4. Pb acetate 1,000, 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 혈액치중 RBC, WBC 및 PLT치는 정상대조군에 비해 유의한 증가를 나타냈고, Hb량과 PCV치는 정상대조군에 비해 약간 감소를 나타냈다. 5. Pb acetate 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 간내 Pb, Mn, Fe, Pb 및 Zn의 잔류함량은 정상대조군에 유의한 증가를 나타냈다. Pb 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 신장내 Pb, Mn, Fe, Pb, Zn의 함량은 정상대주군에 비해 증가를 나타냈다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.258-266
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the possible changes over the past ten years in the estimated daily dietary lead intake (Pb-D) stemming from the variation of daily intake amounts for each food group. The following factors were considered; 1. time trends in Pb-D as the estimated values, 2. the time trend in Pb-D by food groups 3. the most influential food groups for dietary Pb intake. Methods: Estimated Pb-D was drawn from food consumption according to food groups reported in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey and the lead contents of each food group as reported in 23 prior publications. Results: The estimated Pb-D in a 2009 survey was 40.8 ${\mu}g/day$, of which 22.5 ${\mu}g/day$ (55.1%) was of plant origin and 18.3 ${\mu}g/day$ (44.9%) was of animal origin. Meats and poultry, fish and shellfish among foods of animal origin and beverages of plant origin had the largest contribution in Pb-D among the food groups. Conclusion: Over past ten years, daily lead intakes have slightly increased among men. Otherwise, no clear variation is apparent among women.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2019

The pathogenesis of cerebral malaria is biologically complex and involves multi-factorial mechanisms such as microvascular congestion, immunopathology by the pro-inflammatory cytokine and endothelial dysfunction. Recent data have suggested that a pleiotropic T-cell immunomodulatory protein (TIP) could effectively mediate inflammatory cytokines of mammalian immune response against acute graft-versus-host disease in animal models. In this study, we identified a conserved homologue of TIP in Plasmodium berghei (PbTIP) as a membrane protein in Plasmodium asexual stage. Compared with PBS control group, the pathology of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in rPbTIP intravenous injection (i.v.) group was alleviated by the downregulation of pro-inflammatory responses, and rPbTIP i.v. group elicited an expansion of regulatory T-cell response. Therefore, rPbTIP i.v. group displayed less severe brain pathology and feverish mice in rPbTIP i.v. group died from ECM. This study suggested that PbTIP may be a novel promising target to alleviate the severity of ECM.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.21-26
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• 1986

In this study the system of $Pb(Mn_{1/3} Nb_{2/3})O_3-PbTiO_3-PbZrO_3$ piexoelectric ceramics was made in the radial mode disk and attenuation characteristic of the desinged ladder type filter was investigated. What is more temperature dependance of resonant frequency and variation of resonant frequency was examined by chan-ging the electrode diameter of piezoelectric resonator. (A Group : De=11mm, B Group : De=7.5mm and C Gro-up : De=5.5mm) Upon investigation it was the following. The center frequency of A, B and c filter showed up in the 200KHz, 270KHz and 380KHz respectively. As the electrode diameter decreased center frequency in creased abruptly. As the Co_2/Co1 increased attenuation characteristics and selectivity was improved. As the x=50. resonant frequ-ency invaried with variation of temperature.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 1992

This study was carried out to find out some characteristic responses of biological samples under the exposure of trace metals with the considering of Sex, age, residence period and smoking. Blood, Urine and Hair were collected from 116 dwellers in the vicinity of a smelting factory. Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the following results were found important. 1) The concentrations of trace metals in the blood were 0.010+ 0.003 $\mu$g/ml in Cd, 0.82+ 0.11 $\mu$g/ml in Cu, 0.23_+ 0.13 $\mu$g/ml in Pb and 5.78_+ 1.43 $\mu$g/ml in Zn, those in the urine were 1.7_+ 1.7 $\mu$g/l in Cd, 16.5_+ 16.0 $\mu$g/l in Cu, 24.6_+ 23.0 $\mu$g/l in Pb and 367.7_+ 283.4 $\mu$g/l in Zn, and those in the hair were 0.52_+ 0.56 $\mu$g/g in Cd, 11.00_+4.01 $\mu$g/g in Cu, 8.53_+ 7.05 $\mu$g/g in Pb and 383.23_+ 110.56 $\mu$g/g in Zn. 2) In sex, the concentrations of Zn in the blood and urine of male were higher than those of female, however, the concentrations of Cd and Zn in the hair of female were higher than those of male. 3) The concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn in the urine showed an increasing trend by age. 4) While the concentration of Cd in the urine increased, the concentration of Pb in the hair decreased by residential period in all the samples. 5) The concentrations of Cd and Zn in the blood and that of Zn in the urine of smoking group were higher than those of non-smoking group. The concentration of Pb in the blood of smoking group and those of Cd, Pb and Zn in the urine of non-smoking group showed increasing the trend by age. The concentrations of Cd and Zn in the urine of non-smoking group, the concentration of Zn in the hair of smoking group showed increasing trend by residential period, however, the concentrations of Pb in the blood and hair and that of Zn in the hair showed decreasing trend by residential period. 6) When the correlations of the concentrations between Zn (main smelting metal) and other metals were analyzed, Zn in the blood was significantly correlated with Cu, Pb and Zn in the urine (positively) and Zn in the urine was significantly correlated with Zn in the blood, Cd, Cu and Pb in the urine, and Pb in the hair (positively). Zn in the hair was significantly correlated with Cd in the urine and Cu in the hair (positively). 7) Consequently, it was useful to note that samples of urine showed higher sensitivity under the metal exposure than those of blood and hair in individual sampling. In addition, as trace metals showed higher accumulation in the hair of the groups, sampling of hair was more highly recommended than those of urine and blood in group sampling.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1734-1736
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• 2004

Zn electrode is being widely used as an anode material in alkaline battery systems. However the corrosion resistance of Zn electrode in KOH electrolyte is very low. So, to improve the corrosion resistance of Zn electrode $Pb_3O_4$ was mixed to Zn material. And 5 wt.% Pb3O4 addition was most appropriate quantity.

• 암석학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2017

평창지역에 분포하는 시대미상 방림층군의 퇴적시기를 한정하기 위하여 쇄설성 저어콘의 SHRIMP U-Pb 연대측정을 수행하였다. 그 결과 일치곡선상에 놓이는 최소연령 집단의 $^{206}Pb/^{238}U$ 연령은 $450.3{\pm}4.2Ma$(n=3)으로 구해졌으며, 퇴적시기는 후기 오르도비스기 이후임을 지시한다. 따라서 방림층군은 선캠브리아기 지층이 아님이 명백하며, 태백산분지의 하부고생대 조선누층군의 하부 지층인 묘봉층 보다도 젊은 층이어야 한다. 이러한 퇴적시기는 구조적으로 위에 놓인 장산규암층과 방림층군과의 관계가 단층이어야 함을 의미한다. 따라서 인접하여 분포하는 조선누층군의 하부 멤버들인 장산규암층과 묘봉층 및 풍촌석회암층이 방림층군 위로 오버트러스트한 것으로 추정된다. 방림층군의 저어콘들이 보이는 연대분포 양상은 태백산분지의 하부고생대층인 묘봉층과 삼방산층, 그리고 중부고생대층으로 판단되는 대향산규암층 및 태안층 등과는 매우 유사하다. 이에 반해 상부고생대인 평안누층군의 것들과는 뚜렷하게 차이가 난다. 이는 쇄설성 저어콘 근원지가 평안누층군 퇴적이전과 이후에 확실하게 달라졌음을 의미한다. 따라서 방림층군은 평안누층군 보다 이전에 퇴적된 것으로 추정된다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.388-393
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• 2020

In this study, a PbS quantum dots (QDs)-based H₂ gas sensor with a Pd electrode was proposed. QDs have a size of several nanometers, and they can exhibit a high surface area when forming a thin film. In particular, the NH₂ present in the ligand of PbS QDs and H₂ gas are combined to form NH₃⁺, subsequently the electrical characteristics of the QDs change. In addition to the resistance change owing to the reaction between Pd and H₂ gas, the resistance change owing to the reaction between the NH₂ of PbS QDs and H₂ gas increases the current signal at the sensor output, which can produce a high output signal for the same concentration of H₂ gas. Using the XRD and absorbance properties, the synthesis and particle size of the synthesized PbS QDs were analyzed. Using PbS QDs, the sensitivity was significantly improved by 44%. In addition, the proposed H₂ gas sensor has high selectivity because it has low reactivity with heterogeneous gases such as C₂H₂, CO₂, and CH₄.

• 분석과학
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2014

이 연구는 Mn과 Pb의 노출이 면역체계에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구대상자는 남성 근로자 42 명으로, 대상자 중 13명은 사무직 근로자(실험군 I), 21 명은 제조업 사업장 근로자(실험군 II), 8명은 용접 작업자(실험군 III)였다. 대상자의 혈액 중 Mn과 Pb 농도는 실험군별로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 실험군 I 대상자의 CD19+와 total lymphocytes 농도는 기타의 실험군 대상자에서보다 유의하게 높았으나 다른 T lymphocytes subpopulation의 농도는 차이가 없었다. Mn과 Pb 농도는 T lymphocytes subpopulation과 음의 상관관계를 보였으나, Mn은 CD4+CD45RO+와 자연살해세포를 제외한 T lymphocytes subpopulation과 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다. Pb 농도는 단지 total lymphocytes 농도와 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 이 연구에서 Mn과 Pb의 직업적인 노출은 세포성면역계에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 제시하였다.