• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.130-140
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• 1990

A field test using Nophazin (drying off period therapeutics) was done from May, 1989 to October, 1989. 299 quarters of 75 cows from 28 herds were tested. The results were summarized as follows. 1. At the day 7 after parturition, CMT-was 81.60%, clots were removed perfectly, removal rate of hard, hot, pain was 99.6%, only one hard 0.35% was maintained. Recovery rate of general symptoms was 100%. 2. Recovery rate in Nophazin treatment was 100% in Micro-coccus SPP, Corynebacterium SPP, and unisolated, 97.06% in Enterobacterid SPP, 95.58% in Staphylococcus SPP, 91.67% in other Bacilli, 89.19% in Streptococcus SPP, Overall recovery rate was 95.32%, And fungi did not react. 3. The ratio of isolated microorganisms was Staphylococcus SPP 49.8%, Streptococcus SPP 16.3%, Enterobacteria SPP 15.0%, Micrococcus SPP 7.9% Corynebacterium SPP 4.4%, Pseudomonas SPP 2.6%, Bacilli 2.6% and Fungi 1.3%. 4. The range of sensitivity of each microorganism to therapeutics is as follow : Staphylococcus SPP 61.1∼94.7%, Streptococcus SPP 51.4∼91.9%, Micrococcus SPP 44.4∼94.4%, Corynebacterium SPP 70∼80%, Enterobacteria SPP 11.8∼88.2%, and other Gram negative bacilli 8.3∼83.3%. Overall sensitivity was in the range of 50.4∼92.0%, Microorganisms showed the highest sensitivity (80∼94.7%) to Nophazin. 5. New intramammary infection rate was 3.96% (9 strains) at paturition, 8.37% (19 strains) at the day 7 after paturition. Persistent organism wits 6.17% .(14 strains). 6. There was no side effect of Nophazin treatment.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.82-82
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• 2003

Offspring have been produced from somatic cells in a number of species. This biotechnology introduced a new phenomenon in reprogramming and differentiation of somatic cell, namely totipotency. However, birth of oversized calves and perinatal abnormalities such as increased gestation length, lack of spontaneous parturition, higher incidence of dystocia, and reduced perinatal viability of offspring are frequently observed in pregnancies of cloned bovine fetuses. Disturbance of feto-placenta has been proposed as likely causes for abnomal growth. However. Little is known the mechanism responsible for the perinatal problems. Therefore, we focused on gestation length in somatic cell nuclear recipient cows. To solve this issues, placental tissues of control and cloned bovine were obtained by a cesarean section (C-section) before 5 days of paturition. Total RNA from control and cloned bovine placenta was extractd by TRIzol reagent. GeneFishing DEG kits (Seegene) were used to identify differentially expression genes. Total RNA (3 ug) were synthesized by M-MLV reverse transcriptase (200 u/ul) with 10 uM dT-annealing control primer (ACP1) at 42C for 90 min. Then, first-strand cDNA (50 ng) was amplified using the 5 uM arbitary ACP (1-20) and 10 uM dT-ACP2 primers. Some specific expression genes were amplified, Now, we are cloning and sequencing. These finding strongly can be support to solve the problems for parturition delay in nuclear transfer cows, suggest that placenta specific proteins are key indicators for the aberration of gestation and placental function in cows.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.823-831
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• 1995

Holstein종(種) 빈유우(牝乳牛)에 있어서 케톤증(症)이 제1위내(第1胃內)의 휘발성지방산(揮發性脂肪酸)(VFA)과 혈액화학치(血液化學値)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 알아보고저 시도(試圖)하여, 임상진단상(臨床診斷上) 건강(健康)한 빈유우(牝乳牛) 5두(頭)(제I군)과 산후(産後) 초기(初期)케톤증(症) 빈유우(牝乳牛) 5두(頭)(제II군)를 실험군(實驗群)으로 하여, 출산전(出産前) 5일(日)부터 7일(日) 그리고 출산후(出産後) 5, 10, 15, 20 및 25일(日)에의 VFA를 검사(檢査) 비교(比較)하여 본 바 출산후(出産後) 5일(日)부터 VFA수준(水準)이 점진적으로 증가(增加)됨이 관찰(觀察) 되었는데, 특(特)히 케톤증후군(症候群)의 VFA의 조성(組成)으로서 acetic acid와 caproic acid치(値)가 건강빈유우(健康牝乳牛)군 보다 낮은 것이 관찰(觀察)되었다. 혈액화학치(血液化學値)로서 혈당량(血糖量)은 양군(兩群)이 공(共)히 감소경향(減少頃向)을 보인 반면(反面)에 혈중(血中) 케톤체(體)와 3-hydroxy-butyric acid는 출산후(出産後) 현저(顯著)히 증가(增加)되고 있으며 양군간(兩群間)에는 유의(有意)한 차이(差異)가 없었다. AST수준(水準)은 출산후(出産後) 양군(兩群)에서 일시적(一時的)으로 증가(增加)되었는데, 특(特)히 케톤증후군(症候群)의 경우 건강빈유우군(健康牝乳牛群)들 보다 현저(顯著)히 높았다. 혈중(血中)콜레스테롤, 유리(遊離)콜레스테롤, 콜레스테롤-에스텔, 소지질(燒脂質) 및 총담즙산(總膽汁酸)은 출산후(出産後) 증가경향(增加傾向)을 보였으나, 양군간(兩群間)에는 유의(有意)한 차이(差異)가 없었다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 미루어 보아 건강빈유우(健康牝乳牛)에서도 출산후(出産後) VFA치(値)와 혈액화학치(血液化學値)에 조성(組成)이 케톤증후군(症候群)과 비슷한 변화(變化)를 가져 오는 것은 이들 건강빈유우(健康牝乳牛)에서도 산후(産後)에 일시적(一時的)으로 준림상적(準臨床的) 케톤증후(症候)를 유발(誘發)할 수 있다는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.100-109
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• 1984

This study was conducted to find out the changes of progesterone and estradiol-17$\beta$ levels in the serum of female Korean native goats during the reproductive stages such as the estrous cycle, pregnancy and periparturient period. Nine heads of female Korean native goats of 3 year old in average and weighing 35.7$\pm$1.4 kg were offered for the experiment. Blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, 18 and 19 days after onset of estrus, and 1, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 149 days of pregnancy, and -5, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2 and +5 days of periparturient period where minus figures denote the days before paturition. The progesterone, estradiol-17$\beta$ in the serum samples were assayed by radioimmunoassay methods. The results of this study are summarized as follow: 1. The progesterone levels during the estrous cycles reached a peak level of 0.98$\pm$0.60ng/ml at 13 days after onset of estrus and decreased thereafter and were lower than 0.09$\pm$0.02mg/ml on the first day of estrus. 2. The estradioe17$\beta$ levels during the estrous cycles showed a peak level of 15.97$\pm$1.72pg/ml at onest of estrus, and decreased (5.41$\pm$0.51pg/ml-9.09$\pm$1.82pg/ml) during luteal phase. 3. The progesterone levels during the gestation period increased from day 1 and peaked at 90 days after mating and then decreased until 149 days. The peak level was 6.27$\pm$0.23ng/ml at 90 days. 4. The estradiol-17$\beta$ levels during the gestation period showed gradual increase, which were 9.03$\pm$0.88, 32.96$\pm$2.85, 46.03$\pm$2.42, and 54.06$\pm$1.64pg/ml on 30, 60, 90 and 120 dyas after mating respectively. 5. The progesterone levels measured from 5 days before the parturition to 5 days after showed the highest level at the shart of measurement (4.46$\pm$0.31ng/ml) and decreased gradually and bottomed out at one day post-partum and thereafter (0.24$\pm$0.02-0.45$\pm$0.06ng/ml). 6. The estradiol-17$\beta$ levels measured during the same periparturient period as progesterone showed increase to reach the peak level at 1 day before parturition and decreased rapidly thereafter (-5 dyas 69.46$\pm$3.62, -2 days 107.07$\pm$1.91, -1 days 137.83$\pm$7.54, 0 days 50.06$\pm$6.71 and +1 to +5 days 3.21-4.72 pg/ml).

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 1992

The present study was conducted to find out the changes of progesterone and 20$\alpha$-dihydroprogesterone(20$\alpha$-OHP) levels before and after parturition, 4 pluriparous goats were offered for this experiment. Blood samples were taken from jugular vein on Days, 5, 3, 2 and 1 before parturition, the day of parturition, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 after parturition. The blood samples were centraifuged and stored at -2$0^{\circ}C$ until hormone assay. The serum levels of progesterone and 20$\alpha$-OHP were measrued by radioimmunoassay. The changes of serum progesterone level during peripartum period were characterized as a remarkable decrease. The progesterone level was 4.05$\pm$0.52ng/ml on 56 days before parturition and decreased to 2.24$\pm$0.38ng/ml on 1 day before parturition and 0.79$\pm$0.09ng/ml on the day of parturition and the basal level was maintained through 9 days of postpartum period. The serum level of 20$\alpha$-OHP during the peripartum period was 1.25$\pm$0.21ng/ml on 5 days before paturition and increased to 1.32$\pm$0.25 on 3 days and 1.59$\pm$0.24ng/ml on 1 day before parturition, and reached a peak level of 1.78$\pm$0.25ng/ml just prior to parturition and then decreased greatly to 0.31$\pm$0.03ng/ml on 1 day postpartum and the basal level was remained until 9 days postpartum. The high serum level of 20$\alpha$-OHP, which was peak just prior to parturition, was maintained for 2 days following the onset of remarkable decrease in the serum level of progesterone. From the above results, it was concluded that the enzyme 20$\alpha$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20$\alpha$-HSD) catalyzing the conversion of progesterone to a biologically inactive steroid, 20$\alpha$-OHP was active properly in the luteal cells in Korean native goats.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2005

본 연구는 정상 및 저수태 한우에 rbST를 투여하였을 때 수태 및 분만율에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 시험축은 성빈 한우 383두와 임상적으로는 정상이나 3회 이상 수정시켜도 수태가 되지 않는 저수태 한우 79두, 총 462두를 시험에 공시하였다. 실험을 수행하기 위한 시험구 배치는 5개의 처리구, 즉 T1(무처리, 2ml의 생리 식염수), T2(rbST 250mg 수정시 1회 미근부에 투여), T3(rbST 250mg: 수정시 및 수정후 $10\~14$일째 2회 투여), T4(rbST 500 mg: 수정시 1회 투여) 및 T5(rbST 500mg: 수정시 및 수정후 $10\~14$일째 2회 투여)로 나누어 시험을 실시하였다. 그리고 호르몬과 병행 처리구는 Day 0일에 GnRH 100 ug/cow를 견갑부에 피하주사하고 Day 7일째 $PGF_2{\alpha}\;25mg/cow$를 주사하여 황체를 퇴행시키고, Day 9일째 GnRH 100ug/cow를 주사하여 배란 동기화를 유도하여 시험에 공시하였다. 1. 정상 한우에 인공수정시 rbST를 T1, T2, T3, T4 및 T5로 처리하였을 때, 1회 수정 수태율은 대조구$(52.4\pm9.72\%)$에 비하여 $T2(67.5\pm18.48\%)$에서 높은 것으로 나타났고, 저수태우에서는 대조구$(39.3\pm12.89\%)$보다 $T4(63.3\pm5.77\%)$에서 유의적으로 높은 수태율을 나타냈다.(p<0.05). 또한, 정상 한우의 분만율에 있어서는 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았지만, 저수태우에서는 $T4(46.7\pm11.55\%)$에서 유의적으로 높은 성적을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 2. Ovsynch 방법으로 발정을 유기하여 인공수정시 rbST를 T1, T2, T3, T4 및 T5로 처리하였을 때, 1회 수정 수태율은 대조구에 비하여 T2에서 $12.5\%$가 높은 것으로 나타났고, 저수태우에서는 $T4(80.0\%)$에서 유의적으로 높은 수태 율을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 3. 정상 한우에 인공수정시 rbST를 T1, T2, T3, T4 및 T5로 각기 처리하였을 때, 임신 기간은 평균 $282.7\~284.8$일이었고, 또한 생시체중의 비교는 평균 $25.1\~25.9kg$으로서 처리 구간 유사한 결과를 보였다. 그러나, 송아지의 암수 성비는 T4 처리구(18두 vs. 9두)를 제외한 모든 처리구에서 유사한 경향을 보였다. 그리고, 저수태 한우의 평균 임신 기간은 $280.4\~289.3$일로서 정상우와 비교했을 때 비슷한 결과를 보였고, 또한 생시 체중의 조사 결과에서도 평균 체중이 $23.0\~26.6kg$으로서 각 처리구간에도 유의성은 없었다. 송아지의 암$\cdot$수의 성비는 T4 처리구(2두 vs. 8두)를 제외한 모든 처리구에서 유사하게 나타났다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서는 정상 및 저수태 성빈 한우에 rbST를 투여한 후 수태율과 분만율을 조사한 결과 인공수정시 정상우에서는 rbST를 250mg 1회 투여, 그리고 저수태 한우에 있어서는 rbST를 500mg을 인공수정시 1회 투여하였을 때가 다른 처리구에서 보다 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 인공수정시 일정량의 rbST투여는 한우의 수태 및 분만율을 향상시키는 것으로 사료된다.