• 상하수도학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.647-655
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• 2014

To perform long-term sewer monitoring, It is important to understand the nature of the wastewater flow that occurs at the point on early stage of the monitor and to prevent in advance a problem which may caused. We can infer the flow properties and external factors by analyzing the scatter graph obtained from the measured data flow rate monitoring data since an field external factor affecting the sewage flow is reflected in the flow rate monitoring data. In this study, Selecting the three points having various external factors, and we Inferred the sewer flow characteristics from depth-velocity scatter graph and determined the analysis equation for the dry-weather flow rate data. At the'point 1' expected non-pressure flow, we were able to see the drawdown effect caused by the free fall in the manhole section. At the'point 2', existed weir and sediments, there was backwater effect caused by them, and each of size calculated from the scatter graph analysis were 400 mm and 130 mm. At the'Point 3', there is specific flow pattern that is coming from flood wave propagation generated by the pump station at upstream. In common, adequate equations to explain the dry weather flow data are flume equation and modified manning equation(SS method), and the equations had compatibility for explaining the data because all of $R^2$ values are over 0.95.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2018

ICT의 파급으로 다양한 응용은 기술 수용자뿐만 아니라 기술 공급자에게도 새로운 기회가 되며 그들 간에는 경쟁적 관점에서의 기술혁신 노력이 필수적으로 요구될 수밖에 없다. 범용기술의 혁신적 보완의 특징으로 인해 급격한 기술 변화는 분명 높아지는 지식 장벽을 형성하여 높은 기회와 전유성을 보장하게 되지만 이러한 ICT의 슘페터적 패턴 속에서 과연 ICT 공급자는 어떤 노력을 기울여야 하는가에 대한 질문을 가지고 연구를 진행한다. 혁신의 확산에서 말하는 혁신의 존재에 대한 지식을 수용자가 갖게 하기 위해서 혁신 기술 시도와 기술 공급자의 흡수 역량이 필요하다는 가설 검증을 위해 5,700여개의 북미 상장사를 대상으로 ICT 기업이 출원하는 기술 특허의 확산을 실증적으로 관찰한다. 기술의 출현으로 생겨나는 기술 적소(Technological niche)의 개념을 도입하고 이후 이 기술 적소에 참여하는 후발 비 ICT 기업의 참여 사건의 발생 위험률을 독립변수로 하는 생존분석을 통해 혁신적인 기술 시도와 흡수 역량의 유의성을 밝힌다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제10D권4호
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• pp.603-612
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• 2003

웹의 발전으로 인터넷상에 XML 문서의 양이 증가하면서 클라이언트에서 수신된 XML 데이터를 검증하고 데이터베이스에 효율적으로 저장하고 질의하는데 필요한 많은 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 이러한 작업들을 처리하기 위해서는 XML 문서의 DTD나 XML Schema가 필요하다. 그러나 스키마가 없는 XML 문서는 DTD나 XML Schema가 없기 때문에 이러한 작업들을 처리할 수가 없다. 이에 이 논문에서는 well-formed XML 문서이거나 XML Schema가 없는 XML 문서에서 XML 데이터를 검증하고 데이터베이스에 효율적으로 저장하고 질의할 수 있도록 XML Schema론 추출한다. 이 논문에서 제안하는 XML Schema 추출 방법은 반구조적 데이터의 스키마 추출 기법인 데이터가이드와 시뮬레이션을 적용하여 스키마가 없는 XML 문서에서 스키마 그래프를 추출한다. 그리고 스키마 그래프와 재사용성을 고려한 패턴 테이블을 이용하여 XML Schema를 추출하는 기법을 제안한다.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.49-49
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• 2014

South Korea is covered primarily by temperate vegetation; therefore, foliicolous lichens may not be expected to play an important role in its lichen flora. Indeed, more than 100 years after the first lichen record from South Korea reported by Hue, the paper "Pyrenocarpous lichens in Korea" published by Moon and Aptroot, reported on the presence of two foliicolous lichens, Strigula nemathora Mont, and S. smaragdula Fr., for the first time in South Korea. No detailed reports on foliicolous lichens have since been published in South Korea. In Japan, the neighboring country, approximately 83 foliicolous lichen species are distributed at the southernmost part under temperate to subtropical climatic conditions. However, a large number of foliicolous lichens, with many recent records, have been reported in neighboring countries like China and Taiwan. According to Thor et al., studies on foliicolous lichen flora of Asia are comparatively poor compared to those reported from America. There are six lichenogeographical regions: the Neotropics, Valdivia, Tethyan, African Paleotropics, eastern Paleotropics, and Neozelandic-Tasmanian, which are demarcated based on the known worldwide distribution pattern of foliicolous lichen flora. South Korea belongs to the eastern paleotropic region, where a higher number of local endemic foliicolous lichens have been reported. So far, there are a total of six known foliicolous lichen taxa from South Korea; S. concreta, S. macrocarpa, S. melanobapha, S. nemathora, S. smaragdula, and S. subelegans from Jeju Island. So far, the genus Strigula is the only known representative of the foliicolous lichen flora in South Korea. Among the recorded species, S. concreta, S. smaragdula, and S. subelegans are abundant and widespread. Japan, the closest area to Jeju Island, has the same distribution pattern of foliicolous lichens, with S. smaragdula, S. melanobapha, and S. subtilissima. Pollen studies conducted by Chung reported that changes in vegetation on Jeju Island, due mainly to deglacial warming and the influence of geographical change, resulted from sea-level rises. In general, all of the foliicolous lichens observed so far were restricted to the southernmost part of South Korea, particularly Jeju Island. Island might be influenced by its geographical setting. One reason could be the close dispersal distances of spores and vegetative propagules from areas such as the southern part of Japan and eastern part of China, where more foliicolous lichens can be found. Thor et al. also showed that the southern part of Japan harbors more foliicolous lichens than the northern part. Considering that China is close to Jeju Island, many foliicolous lichens, including S. concreta, S. macrocarpa, S. nemanthora, and S. smaragdula, have been reported from Yunnan province, the southernmost part of China. Geographically, this province is far away from Jeju Island. In other provinces, such as Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Zhejiang, which are closer to Jeju Island, no foliicolous lichens have been recorded so far. Therefore, the chance of spores and propagules coming from such closer areas is questionable. Thus, the location of origin of ancestors of foliicolous lichens of South Korea and the time and means of their invasion of this island is controverisial. The current study would lead the way to finding answers to the above mentioned questions.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2005

향후 전자정부 시대에는 행정 업무 담당자가 PDA와 같은 단말기를 이용하여 언제, 어디서나 업무처리가 가능하게 되고 일반 사용자 역시 어느 장소에서나 최신의 정보 서비스를 제공받을 수 있는 편리한 시대가 도래할 것으로 예측되고 있다. 교통행정분야도 텍스트뿐 아니라 카메라 이미지, 동영상과 같은 디지털 자료를 이용함으로써 기관 업무 및 민원 서비스의 획기적인 개선이 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 전자교통행정 서비스의 공통된 요구사항 중의 하나는 다양한 멀티미디어 정보를 수시로 등록하고, 언제, 어디서나 다양한 단말기를 이용하여 구독해 볼 수 있도록 하는 미들웨어인 메시징(MOM: Message Oriented System) 서비스를 필요로 하고 있다. 이러한 배경으로 본 연구는 유선 및 무선의 분산 환경에서 수행되는 다양한 전자정부의 교통행정서비스를 지원하는 멀티미디어 컨텐츠의 유통시스템인 메시징 엔진 미들웨어 소프트웨어를 아키텍처 설계방법론에 따라 설계한 내용을 다루었다. 또한, 설계과정에서 비대칭 채널 패턴과 메시지 스위치 패턴, 쓰레드 풀 패턴의 3가지 아키텍처 패턴의 활용에 대해 설명하며, 아울러 다른 엔진과의 구조적 차이를 비교 및 평가를 수행하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제12B권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2005

생물학자가 단백질을 검색하고 분석하기 위해서는 2차원 젤 전기영동(2DGE : Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis) 실험을 해야 한다. 실험 결과는 2차원 영상이 생성된다. 2차원 영상에서 단백질 반점의 패턴 분석을 위해 2차원 젤 영상에 펼쳐진 단백질 반점들을 영상처리를 통해 분할하고, 대조 그룹의 단백질 패턴과 비교분석을 통해 밝히고자하는 단백질 반점을 찾아내야 한다. 단백질 반점을 분할하는 알고리즘에 있어서 기존에는 가우시안 함수를 적용하였지만, 최근 들어 형태학 분리개념에 의한 Watersheds 영역기반 분할(Watersheds region-based segmentation) 알고리즘을 활용하고 있다. 그러나 Watersheds 영역기반 분할 알고리즘은 크기가 큰 영상에서 원하는 영역을 신속하게 분할한다는 장점이 있지만, 영상 화소의 그레이 값이 연속적인 경우 실제 반점의 개수 에 비해 과다분할(over-segmentation)되거나 과소분할(under-segmentation)의 문제점을 안고 있다. 이는 마커(marker) 포인트의 설정에 의해 어느 정도 해결할 수 있지만 병합(merge)과 분할(split) 과정을 반복해야 한다. 본 논문은 Watersheds 기반 계층적 이진화 기법을 적용하여 마커 드리븐 Watersheds 영상분할의 문제점을 해결하고자 한다.

• 복식
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• 제29권
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• pp.5-22
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• 1996

the present thesis aims to contribute to the further development of the men's wear indus-try in Korea which now confronts the need to adjust itself more actively to the conditions of the coming age of internationalization and free trade. To achieve this this thesis suggests the trade should provide for the changing domestic needs on theone hand and refine its wares as high value-added products in compe-tition with those from the advanced countries in fashion industry on the other, The history of the 'suit' the standard men's attire dates back to 1850 when the 'Ditto suit' was introduced composed of coat waist coat vest and trousers to remain virtually unchanged till the end of the nineteenth cen-tury and the modern men's wear originated in Britain. In Korea since the introduction of western clothes from 1876 custom-made suits had been dominant until 1944 while western clothes earned popular currency between 1945 and 1964 and ready-made suits began to spread with their advantages recognized in terms of practicality convenience and functionality The next phase from 1965 to 1985 witnessed the establishment of a number of ready-made brands although custom-made suits stayed in their height of prosperity until 1975. The turn-ing point for the men's wear industry came in 1975 when high-calss ready-made brands be-gan to turn up with the arrival of large companies in the market matching the change in consumers' life style. The men's wear market went through further diversification and specialization dur-ing the years between 1985. and 1990. Around the year 1990 however the expansion of the business suit industry came to slow down ac-companied by an oversupplied market. The fashion of pragmatism in the 1990s called for the growth of the casual wear department and as consumers' life style became more and more individualized conscious dressing in accord ance with T.P.O established itself as an important branch of culture, Such casual boom is likely to aid in promoting Korea's men's wear indus-try to peer with that of advanced countries. Consumers' fashion sense is now ahead of the trade's as well as being shortcycled highly individualized stylized and diversified. To meet consumers' demands under such circum-stances each company is required to develop its unique soft Know How based on accurate information and strategically specialized plan-ning. The trade should convert its hithero producer-oriented strategy to a new consumer oriented one and actively lead the needs and purchasin g pattern of consumers by providing an efficient and reasonable price policy with optimum supply of merchandise and also by presenting 'our' trend suited to our circum-stances.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.419-436
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• 2002

The current paper reports on the enhancement of O$_3$, CO, NO$_2$, and aerosols during the Asian dust event that occurred over Korea on 1 May 1999. To confirm the origin and net flux of the O$_3$, CO, NO$_2$, and aerosols, the meteorological parameters of the weather conditions were investigated using Mesoscale Meteorological Model 5(MM5) and the TOMS total ozone and aerosol index, the back trajectory was identified using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model(HYSPLIT), and the ozone and ozone precursor concentrations were determined using the Urban Ashed Model(UAM). In the presence of sufficiently large concentrations of NO$\sub$x/, the oxidation of CO led to O$_3$ formation with OH, HO$_2$, NO, and NO$_2$ acting as catalysts. The sudden enhancement of O$_3$, CO, NO$_2$ and aerosols was also found to be associated with a deepening cut-off low connected with a surface cyclone and surface anticyclone located to the south of Korea during the Asian dust event. The wave pattern of the upper trough/cut-off low and total ozone level remained stationary when they came into contact with a surface cyclone during the Asian dust event. A typical example of a stratosphere-troposphere exchange(STE) of ozone was demonstrated by tropopause folding due to the jet stream. As such, the secondary maxima of ozone above 80 ppbv that occurred at night in Busan, Korea on 1 May 2001 were considered to result from vertical mixing and advection from a free troposphere-boundary layer exchange in connection with an STE in the upper troposphere. Whereas the sudden enhancement of ozone above 100 ppbv during the day was explained by the catalytic reaction of ozone precursors and transport of ozone from a slow-moving anticyclone area that included a high level of ozone and its precursors coming from China to the south of Korea. The aerosols identified in the free troposphere over Busan, Korea on 1 May 1999 originated from the Taklamakan and Gobi deserts across the Yellow River. In particular, the 1000m profile indicated that the source of the air parcels was from an anticyclone located to the south of Korea. The net flux due to the first invasion of ozone between 0000 LST and 0600 LST on 1 May 1999 agreed with the observed ground-based background concentration of ozone. From 0600 LST to 1200 LST, the net flux of the second invasion of ozone was twice as much as the day before. In this case, a change in the horizontal wind direction may have been responsible for the ozone increase.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.763-775
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 지리정보시스템(GIS)자료와 전산유체역학(CFD) 모델을 사용하여 방풍벽이 건물 밀집 지역에 위치한 공사 지역에서 발생하는 대기오염물질의 확산에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하였다. 부산 ASOS에서 10년 동안 관측된 풍속을 평균하여 기준 고도(지상 10 m)에서의 유입류로 사용하였다. 수치 실험은 방풍벽 건설 전과 5 m 및 10 m 높이의 방풍벽을 건설한 후에 대해 16 방위 풍향을 유입류로 진행하였고, 부산 ASOS에서 높은 빈도를 나타낸 북동풍과 남남서풍에 대한 상세 흐름을 분석하였다. 북동풍에서는 북동쪽에서 불어오는 흐름에 의해 비산 먼지가 확산되어 공사 지역 내부에 위치한 감천초등학교에서 대기오염물질 농도가 높게 나타났다. 5 m 높이의 방풍벽을 설치했을 때는 방풍벽 설치 전에 비해 풍속이 조금 감소했고 비산 먼지의 확산이 줄었다. 10 m 높이의 방풍벽을 설치한 경우, 초등학교에서의 평균 대기오염물질 농도는 37% 감소하였다. 남남서풍 유입류에서는 지형과 건물의 영향으로 공사 지역에서 복잡한 흐름 패턴이 형성되었다. 남쪽 공사 지역에서는 비산 먼지가 정체되어 농도가 높게 나타난 반면, 초등학교는 북풍의 흐름에 의해 대기오염물질 농도가 높게 나타났다. 방풍벽 건설 후에는 공사 지역 내부에서 풍속이 감소하면서 공사장 내부 농도는 높아졌지만, 초등학교에서의 농도는 감소했다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.642-655
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• 2013

In this study, semi-continuous measurements of $PM_{2.5}$ mass, organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), black carbon (BC), and ionic species concentrations were made for the period of April 03~13, 2012, at a South Area Supersite at Gwangju. Possible sources causing the high concentrations of major chemical species in $PM_{2.5}$ observed during a haze episode were investigated. The measurement results, along with meteorological parameters, gaseous pollutants data, air mass back trajectory analyses and PSCF (potential source contribution function) results, were used to study the haze episode. Substantial enhancements of OC, EC, BC, $K^+$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $NO{_3}{^-}$, $NH{_4}{^+}$, and CO concentrations were closely associated with air masses coming from regions of forest fires in southeastern China, suggesting likely an impact of the forest fires. Also the PSCF maps for EC, OC, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, and $K^+$ demonstrate further that the long-range transport of smoke plumes of forest fires detected over the southeastern China could be a possible source of haze phenomena observed at the site. Another possible source leading to haze formation was likely from photochemistry of precursor gases such as volatile organic compounds, $SO_2$, and $NO_2$, resulting in accumulation of secondary organic aerosol, $SO{_4}^{2-}$ and $NO{_3}{^-}$. Throughout the episode, local wind directions were between 200 and $230^{\circ}C$, where two industrial areas are situated, with moderate wind speeds of 3~5 m/s, resulting in highly elevated concentration of $SO_2$ with a maximum of 15 ppb. The $SO{_4}^{2-}$ peak occurring in the afternoon hours coincided with maximum ambient temperature ($24^{\circ}C$) and ozone concentration (~100 ppb), and were driven by photochemistry of $SO_2$. As a result, the pattern of $SO{_4}^{2-}$ variations in relation to wind direction, $SO_2$ and $O_3$ concentrations, and the strong correlation between $SO_2$ and $SO{_4}^{2-}$ ($R^2=0.76$) suggests that in addition to the impact of smoke plumes from forest fires in the southeastern China, local $SO_2$ emissions were likely an important source of $SO{_4}^{2-}$ leading to haze formation at the site.