Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회지)

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
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Investigation on a Haze Episode of Fine Particulate Matter using Semi-continuous Chemical Composition Data

준 실시간 화학적 조성자료를 이용한 미세입자 연무 에피소드 규명

  • Park, Seung-Shik (Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Sun-Jung (Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Gong, Bu-Joo (Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Kwon-Ho (Department of Geoinformatics Engineering, Kyungil University) ;
  • Cho, Seog-Yeon (Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Choon (Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Suk-Jo (Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 박승식 (전남대학교 환경에너지공학과) ;
  • 김선정 (국립환경과학원 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 공부주 (국립환경과학원 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 이권호 (경일대학교 공간정보학과) ;
  • 조석연 (인하대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 김종춘 (국립환경과학원 대기환경연구과) ;
  • 이석조 (국립환경과학원 대기환경연구과)
  • Received : 2013.05.04
  • Accepted : 2013.07.02
  • Published : 2013.10.31
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Abstract

In this study, semi-continuous measurements of $PM_{2.5}$ mass, organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), black carbon (BC), and ionic species concentrations were made for the period of April 03~13, 2012, at a South Area Supersite at Gwangju. Possible sources causing the high concentrations of major chemical species in $PM_{2.5}$ observed during a haze episode were investigated. The measurement results, along with meteorological parameters, gaseous pollutants data, air mass back trajectory analyses and PSCF (potential source contribution function) results, were used to study the haze episode. Substantial enhancements of OC, EC, BC, $K^+$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $NO{_3}{^-}$, $NH{_4}{^+}$, and CO concentrations were closely associated with air masses coming from regions of forest fires in southeastern China, suggesting likely an impact of the forest fires. Also the PSCF maps for EC, OC, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, and $K^+$ demonstrate further that the long-range transport of smoke plumes of forest fires detected over the southeastern China could be a possible source of haze phenomena observed at the site. Another possible source leading to haze formation was likely from photochemistry of precursor gases such as volatile organic compounds, $SO_2$, and $NO_2$, resulting in accumulation of secondary organic aerosol, $SO{_4}^{2-}$ and $NO{_3}{^-}$. Throughout the episode, local wind directions were between 200 and $230^{\circ}C$, where two industrial areas are situated, with moderate wind speeds of 3~5 m/s, resulting in highly elevated concentration of $SO_2$ with a maximum of 15 ppb. The $SO{_4}^{2-}$ peak occurring in the afternoon hours coincided with maximum ambient temperature ($24^{\circ}C$) and ozone concentration (~100 ppb), and were driven by photochemistry of $SO_2$. As a result, the pattern of $SO{_4}^{2-}$ variations in relation to wind direction, $SO_2$ and $O_3$ concentrations, and the strong correlation between $SO_2$ and $SO{_4}^{2-}$ ($R^2=0.76$) suggests that in addition to the impact of smoke plumes from forest fires in the southeastern China, local $SO_2$ emissions were likely an important source of $SO{_4}^{2-}$ leading to haze formation at the site.

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References

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