• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.251-251
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• 2017

This study was performed to select the soil covering materials for winter safety of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley and to investigate the effect on the growth after overwinter. Soil covering materials such as vinyl, rice straw, lagging cover, vinyl+lagging cover, and non-covering were investigated how effect on overwintering rate, growth and yield of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley. In changes of soil temperature according to the soil covering materials, non-covering treatment was recorded the highest to $26.7^{\circ}C$, and lagging cover and rice straw showed little change of soil temperature with 9.2 and $9.3^{\circ}C$, respectively. Regrowth rates of early growth after overwinter were lowered in the order as rice straw > vinly+lagging cover > lagging cover > vinyl > non-covering. From the above-ground growth by soil covering materials, vine length showed similar growth in all treatments except vinyl covering and stem diameter exhibited the thicker pattern in vinyl and lagging cover, and there was no significant difference among treatments in number of branch. Flowering period is recorded July 30 in all treatments and ripening period is October 16. Yield of seed production is showed the best in vinyl+lagging cover with $25g/m^2$. Root weight and root length for subterranean growth showed no significant differences among all treatments. Yield is produced the highest in vinyl+lagging cover with 433kg/10a and the next to lagging cover with 431kg/10a. In comparison with incomes, lagging cover earned to 9,882 thousand won/10a, showed the effect on income enlargement to 21%, compare to that of the non-covering.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.235-246
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• 2012

Typhoon induced surge simulations are done to make an establishment of coastal disaster prevention plan. To apply efficient run-up and overtopping on vertical harbor docks, in which prevailing wet-dry scheme cannot be satisfied due to infinite steepness, an imaginary internal barrier concept introduced and analyzed. Before real application on the Mokpo harbor area, feasibility tests are done on an idealized simple geometry and as a result it is found that the moderate width of the barrier might be 1 m. The threshold value of the minimum wet depth $H_{min}$ for land area, which behaves sensitive role in inundation area and depth, depends on grid size. However it is revealed that 0.01 m is adequate value in this fine finite element with 10 m spacing. A hypothetical typhoon of 100 years return period in central pressure and maximum velocity is generated based on historical tracks. Simulation of possible inundation on Mokpo area is performed with asymmetrical vortex of hypothetical typhoon and wave coupling. Model results show general agreement in pattern compared to other's prediction, however possibility of inundation enlargement is expected in harbor area.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 1982

The fat bodies of cabbage worm (Pieris rapae) and silk worm (Bomyx mori) during metamorphosis was comparatively studied by electron microscope. 1. Cell oranelles: Golgi apparatus were not observed in both species. It is observed that RER of cabbage worms initiate to degenerate in prepupa stage with complete degeneration at adult stage, while that of silk worms shows similar degenerative pattern. However, mitochondria of cabbage worms are transformed into autophagic vacuole from prepupa stage until adult stage whereas those of silk worm shows a decrease in number in prepupa stage but maintains a certain level until adult stage. 2. Storage substance in cell: Lipid droplets in cabbage worms were observed to increase in numbers during larval stage but afterward decrease in number with an enlargement in size. However immediately after their pupal stage, they almost disappear. On the contrary lipid droplets in silk worms show rather increase in number until adult stage. Protein storage granules in bothspecies were arised from autophagic vacuoles(lysosome) . Fat cells of cabbage worm in adult stage turn out to be residual bodies which last until final stage, but those of silk worm rapidly decrease. Glycogen particles in both species reach maximum at last larval instar and thee gradually decrease thereafter. 3. Fat body sheath: The average width of fat body sheath was measured to be $0.2{\mu}m$ and $0.6{\mu}m$ and surface of fat cells adjacent to fat body sheath in silk worm is heavily infolded.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.293-297
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• 1985

Primary germ cell tumor of the testis is, rare, which occupies 1 to 2% of all reported malignant male neoplasms. Combined primary germ ceil tumor of the testis composed of embryonal carcinoma and seminoma is more rare tumor. The authors experienced a case of 50-year old male who presented with painless enlargement of right testicle. He has had radical orchiectomy and diagnosed by pathologically as combined germ cell tumor of testis. The testicle is measuring 180 gm in weight and $9{\times}6{\times}5$ cm in dimension, and almostly replaced by tumor mass. Grossly the tumor is rubbery solid smooth tumor mass, with variegated cut surface with geographically outlined diffuse necrotic area. Histologically the tumor is composed of two components of tumor, which are solid growth pattern of large round to polyhedral cells with clear or granular cytoplasm and distinct cell border, and anastomosing glandular and papillary arrangement of anaplastic epithelial cells. The former corresponds to seminoma, and the latter to embryonal carcinoma. Each tumor lobule is separated by abundant fibrous stroma.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.305-316
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• 1998

The impedance matching network with the simplfied real frequency technique (SRFT) is proposed as a method for bandwidth enhancement of microstrip antenna. The validity of the technique is based on the relative frequency insensitivity of the radiation pattern and gain characteristics as compared to the resonant behaviour of the input impedance. The most significant feature of this technique is that there is no need to find any analytical description of the antenna and generator, and it only utilizes directly real frequency generator and load data over the prescribed frequency band. Furthermore, it is not necessary to invent an analytic form of the system transfer function to assume a matching network topology in advance. In this paper, the transmission line model is used to investigate the rectangular microstrip antenna, and based on the Fano's bandwidth-enlargement theory, the SRFT is introduced to design the matching networks of microstrip antennas in order to obtain a constant gain over the frequency band of interest. Two representative microstrip antnnas with different structure are fabricated and tested. From these procedures, it is obtained that the proposed impedance matching networks of microstrip antenna improve the impedance bandwidth nearly three times compared to the antenna without them.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 1983

The purpose of this experiment was to find out fundamental data for the cultivation of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. Leaf area index and dry matter accumulation were investigated with 3-levels of nitrogen application,15, 25, 35kg per 10a during the period of initial growth from the 8th leaf emergence to the late blooming stage. The results obtained were as follows: Leaf emergence increased as growth progressed and in the same pattern at all N-levels. After the heading stage, the value was 15 at all N-levels. Leaf area index (LAI) increased as growth progressed and rapidly till the booting stage. At 15kg N-level the values were larger till the ear formation stage, and at 35tg N-level the values were larger than other N-levels after the booting stage. At the late blooming stage LAI reached 8.13 at 35kg N-level. The value of dry matter accumulation was the highest at 35kg N-level at the late blooming stage, and as was the same in the value of crop growth rate (CGR). There was a tendency that before the booting stage the enlargement of leaf area contributed to dry matter accumulation and after the booting stage did the increase of net assimilation rate (NAR) .

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2018

Rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) is a megalocytivirus widely infected in various fish species in Korea, causing symptoms of acute inflammation and enlargement of spleen. In our previous study, RBIV induced the initial upregulation but later down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and IFN1 gene expression. Signal transducers and activators of transcriptions (STAT) are transcription factors involved in the regulation of immune genes including IFNs. This study was conducted to analyse the expression of STAT2. The expressional study of STAT2 gene was performed in head kidney and spleen upon RBIV infection and immune stimulants like LPS or poly I:C in vitro. Consequently, STAT2 gene expression pattern was different in head kidney and spleen as it was significantly up-regulated by LPS from 4 h to 8 h but down-regulated at 24 h while up-regulated by poly I:C at 8 h in head kidney while, in spleen, STAT2 gene expression was down regulated by LPS but significantly up-regulated by poly I:C. Upon RBIV stimulation, STAT2 gene expression was significantly down-regulated by high dose RBIV at 4 h but up-regulated at 8 h and 24 h in head kidney. In spleen cells, it was up-regulated by medium dose RBIV at 4 h and by high dose RBIV at 4 h and 8 h but down regulated later then. In vivo, STAT2 gene expression was not significantly affected by RBIV infection while significant up-regulated by vaccination at day 7 post-vaccination, indicating STAT2 gene can be involved in adaptive immune response in rock bream.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.213-225
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• 2004

The number of tunnels are in fact increasing as a part of linear improvement project of general national highway and road enlargement and pavement project. Recently, collapses of portal slope are also occurring considerably, due to local raining from severe rain storm and abnormal weather. Accordingly, it was risen a necessity to efficiently respond to tunnel portal slope damage and maintenance in Korea and oversea nations. This paper is a basic proposal to execute a survey on the current status and state of the tunnel portal slopes that were already installed and are now being operated along general national highways, and also to execute state evaluation for the purpose of managing those effectively. As a research method, domestic tunnels were analyzed in accordance with geometrical shape such as access type, portal form, and tunnel type, etc. via field survey to analyze the types of tunnel portal slopes along national highways. State evaluation classification sheet is presented to divide classes for the danger state of the surveyed portal slopes, and then the related grades are divided. It is mainly aimed at classifying the tunnel portal slope along national highways with using this state evaluation, to use it as basic data so that continuous maintenance can be executed in the future in accordance with danger classes.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine characteristics of rhizome growth and flowering of white lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) plant in Muan Hoesan-lake for collecting the basic data on the cultivation and the flowering which is growing in Muan Hoesan-lake of Jeonnam province in Korea. We have planted from the seeds and the enlarged rhizomes of the white lotus which were planted in the plastic containers on April 20 and May 4, 2008, and cultivated under rain shelter condition. Rhizome growth pattern and the flowering characteristics of the white lotus were examined on September 4, 2008. Main rhizomes of the white lotus propagated by the seeds and the enlarged rhizomes were branched by 10% and 15%, respectively. Numbers of nodes in the bloomed and non-bloomed rhizomes of the white lotus were over 14 and below 11, respectively. Flower was not observed in the white lotus when propagated with seeds, however, flowers came out up to 80% by the enlarged rhizomes. First flowers were bloomed from the late July and to the early August, and the number of flowers were 4.0~4.4. The first flower stalks without branching of the main rhizome were emerged in 8.8th node, however, that with branching were 8.0th node. Time to flowering from the emergence of flower stalk on the above-ground parts were required 16 days. White flowers from the lotus were 15.3 cm in height and 28.2 cm in width, their longevity was 3.3 days and the averaged flower fresh weight was 29.2 g. The results conclude that optimum number of nodes on the main rhizomes for blooming the white lotus flowers should be over 8 nodes before the rhizome enlargement.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1263-1270
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• 2001

Objective : To analyze the radiosurgical results of intracranial meningiomas after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) and to assess the possible factors related to the outcome and complications in treating meningiomas. Patients and Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological data in 179 patients(194 lesions) treated with GKS for intracranial meningiomas between May 1992 and October 2000. Radiosurgical responses were categorized as shrinkage, stasis and enlargement, and we defined the shrunken and static group as a radio-logical control. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the correlation between the radiosurgical outcomes and various factors such as location and size of tumor, age and gender of patients, relation to venous sinus, pre-GKS degree of edema, treatment modality, radiosurgical parameters, and pathologic findings. Results : Patients were grouped into skull base meningiomas(57.7%), non-skull base tumor including convexity, parasagittal, and falx meningiomas(37.1%), and others(5.2%) according to the location of tumors. The mean maximum dose and the margin dose of tumor was 30.0Gy(19-45Gy) and 15.1Gy(9.5-24.5Gy), respectively. The mean volume of the tumors was 9.4cc(0.003-45.0cc). The radiologic control rate was 97.1%. The radiation induced imaging change with or without neurologic deficit was the most common complication(23.6%). There were seen mostly in convexity, parasagittal, and falx meningiomas which were deeply embedded in cortex. Conclusion : GKS for intracranial meningioma seems to be safe and effective treatments. However, GKS should be considered very cautiously in non-skull base tumor such as convexity, parasagittal, or falx meningiomas with regards to patient's age and general condition, size and location of tumor, pattern of embedding into cortex, presenting symptoms and patient's preference.