• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.143-152
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• 1999

Although in art an idea which visualizes a certain concept is generally such an essential part as it would be decisive to the success or failure of an art work in reality various difficulties are involved in idea making. Thus, directions for the idea making for visualization works are suggested in this paper. This paper classifies several cases of expression skills among non-abstracts showing the contents which visualize abstract concepts in western art after Renaissance when freedom of individual artistic expression and personal characteristics initiated. Also, this paper selects and introduces art works in which expression skills can be obviously explained. The expression skills are divided into symbolizing, allegory, specific pattern, non-abstract skills of surrealism, metaphysical distortion of logic and situation fixing, and specific examples on how the abstract concepts are formed and delivered are described. This is a case study done for the purpose of supplying help for the idea making in the applied art field which is lack of this kind of study.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.143-154
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• 1998

The image intensifier is the key component which determines the imaging characteristics in a fluoroscopic imaging system. A system performance program for clinical evaluation of two image intensifiers, that is simple, non-invasive and time effective, was described. Tests were grouped into three headings: x-ray generator, image quality, and collimation. For the x-ray generator, the kVp accuracy and the automatic exposure control operation were compared. Low- and high-contrast resolution measurements, and mesh pattern study belong to the image quality tests and those tests were performed for the video monitor and photospot images. For the collimation, usable field diameter and image distortion of image intensifiers were measured and quantified. The procedures and the results are hoped to be used for the clinical evaluation of system performance and/or acceptance tests for image intensifiers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.340-345
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• 1995

Dispersion characteristics of surface discharge heat water in shallow region are investigated for coastal power plant with nearly constant depth of 20 meters by observing the seasonal depthwide temperature in several stations, which give or precise horizontal distribution and vertical structure of heat water. Surface discharged heat water in shallow coast in the Yellow Sea relies mainly on ambient tidal flow. so it behaves as free jet when the ambient now is strong and shows plumelike behavior during stagnant tide. According to observation the neat field region is estimated as 200-300 meters and shows distinct vertical profile and exponentially decreasing pattern from discharge point for this region. But there are no remarkable vertical distortion of temperature beyond 800 meters even though it is discharged from surface. Characteristic length scale model, CORMIX3, is applied and compared with the field date Overall tendency of CORMIX3 results resemble well with field data especially in near field and intermediate region.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.418-425
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• 1998

Stereo cameras are the most widely used sensing systems for automated machines including robots to interact with their three-dimensional(3D) working environments. The position of a target point in the 3D world coordinates can be measured by the use of stereo cameras and the camera calibration is an important preliminary step for the task. Existing camera calibration techniques can be classified into two large categories - linear and nonlinear techniques. While linear techniques are simple but somewhat inaccurate, the nonlinear ones require a modeling process to compensate for the lens distortion and a rather complicated procedure to solve the nonlinear equations. In this paper, a method employing a neural network for the calibration problem is described for tackling the problems arisen when existing techniques are applied and the results are reported. Particularly, it is shown experimentally that by utilizing the function approximation capability of multi-layer neural networks trained by the back-propagation(BP) algorithm to learn the error pattern of a linear technique, the measurement accuracy can be simply and efficiently increased.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

This study investigated body type among women in their 20s and the development of prototypes for tailored jackets by body type in order to design clothes in consideration of an imbalance in body type caused by the popularity of portable devices such as smartphones and Netbooks. This study aims to create a design of jacket patterns by body type through both actual and virtual wear testing among women in their 20s, who are the major consumer of ready-made clothes and are very sensitive to size fit. This study will provide pattern information for the manufacture of jackets with a goal of securing the latest scientific body type information and establish the grounds for a research method in the manufacture of clothes. According to actual and virtual wear tests of four different body types, a significant difference was found in armhole circumference in most types because it was scanned with the arms slightly apart to prevent the armhole area from being missed during the 3D scanning. This has resulted in a slight distortion in measurements. To correct this problem, it is necessary to verify the precision of the body scanner and its program. In categories in which a large significant difference was found, it is necessary to test them against many subjects. In addition, it would be required to perform a further study on the 3D virtual wear system, which could be useful in the clothing industry.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.623-632
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• 2014

The facial asymmetries include maxillary, mandibular, and chin asymmetries, although the most common deformity is primarily in the mandible. Common causes of this type of asymmetry can include asymmetric growth of the condyle or the mandible. In these patients, the location of the Me would be deviated to the shorter side because of the asymmetric growth of the mandible, and, commonly, the maxillary occlusal plane would be tilted toward the deviated side because the maxilla likely grows asymmetrically according to the pattern of asymmetric mandibular growth. Three-dimensional CT images are ideal for evaluating the size and location of anatomic structures, and such reconstructed images allow the use of software that can show anatomic structures from numerous angles, allowing actual measurements of distances and angles without problems of magnification, distortion, or superimposition caused by 2-dimensional imaging. In the present study using 3D-CT imaging, the 8 parameters, including measurements of the upper midline deviation, maxillary canting in the canine and first molar regions, width of the upper arch, width of the mandible at the Go, vertical length of the ramus, inclination of the ramus, and deviation of the Me were easily measured. The dentition should be orthodontically decompensated and dental midline should ensure incisor midlines positioned in the midline of each jaw before surgical correction. Surgical correction could be considered such as canting or yawing correction in the frontal or horizontal aspect, respectively.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.1372-1379
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• 2015

This paper presents an analysis of feature extraction methods used for distinguishing the speech of patients with cleft palates and people with normal palates. This research is a basic study on the development of a software system for automatic recognition and restoration of speech disorders, in pursuit of improving the welfare of speech disabled persons. Monosyllable voice data for experiments were collected for three groups: normal speech, cleft palate speech, and simulated clef palate speech. The data consists of 14 basic Korean consonants, 5 complex consonants, and 7 vowels. Feature extractions are performed using three well-known methods: LPC, MFCC, and PLP. The pattern recognition process is executed using the acoustic model GMM. From our experiments, we concluded that the MFCC method is generally the most effective way to identify speech distortions. These results may contribute to the automatic detection and correction of the distorted speech of cleft palate patients, along with the development of an identification tool for levels of speech distortion.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.285-293
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• 2010

This study investigated the body image, body stress, eating attitude, and dietary quality in middle school girls. Questionnaires were administered to one hundred fifty seven middle school girls in Seoul area. The subjects were categorized into the five groups according to their body mass index (BMI); 1) severely under-weight (BMI < 16.5 $kg/m^2$), 2) under-weight (16.5 $\leq$ BMI < 18.5 $kg/m^2$), 3) normal weight (18.5 $\leq$ BM I < 23.0 $kg/m^2$), 4) overweight (23.0 $\leq$ BMI < 25.0 $kg/m^2$), and 5) obese (BMI $\geq$ 25 $kg/m^2$). 7.0%, 14.6%, 58.9%, 10.2%, and 10.2% of the subjects were classified as severely under-weight, under-weight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups, respectively. Regardless of the BMI, the subjects had disturbed body image, body stress, and poor eating attitude. The actual BMIs of the normal weight, overweight and obese subjects were significantly different from their desired BMI and perceived BMI, representing these subjects dissatisfied their body shape. Almost all subjects tried to lose their body weight even in the severely under-weight and under-weight groups. There were significant correlations of BMI with body image disturbance (p < 0.05), body stress (p < 0.01) and eating attitude (p < 0.05). These results indicated that middle school girls who have higher BMI seemed to have more body image distortion, body stress and risk of eating disorder. However, any significant difference in dietary quality among the five groups was not observed even though their dietary patterns were not balanced. As a conclusion, it is required that middle school girls should correct their distorted body image and body stress. Also, efforts to improve eating attitude, dietary pattern and nutritional status in the middle school girls are needed.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 1992

When using a computer vision system for a measurement, the geometrically distorted input image usually restricts the site and size of the measuring window. A geometrically distorted image caused by the image sensing and processing hardware degrades the accuracy of the visual measurement and prohibits the arbitrary selection of the measuring scope. Therefore, an image calibration is inevitable to improve the measuring accuracy. A calibration process is usually done via four steps such as measurement, modeling, parameter estimation, and compensation. In this paper, the efficient error calibration technique of a geometrically distorted input image was developed using a neural network. After calibrating a unit pixel, the distorted image was compensated by training CMLAN(Cerebellar Model Linear Associator Network) without modeling the behavior of any system element. The input/output training pairs for the network was obtained by processing the image of the devised sampled pattern. The generalization property of the network successfully compensates the distortion errors of the untrained arbitrary pixel points on the image space. The error convergence of the trained network with respect to the network control parameters were also presented. The compensated image through the network was then post processed using a simple DDA(Digital Differential Analyzer) to avoid the pixel disconnectivity. The compensation effect was verified using known sized geometric primitives. A way to extract directly a real scaled geometric quantity of the object from the 8-directional chain coding was also devised and coded. Since the developed calibration algorithm does not require any knowledge of modeling system elements and estimating parameters, it can be applied simply to any image processing system. Furthermore, it efficiently enhances the measurement accuracy and allows the arbitrary sizing and locating of the measuring window. The applied and developed algorithms were coded as a menu driven way using MS-C language Ver. 6.0, PC VISION PLUS library functions, and VGA graphic functions.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.863-870
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• 2003

The digital transmission system entered in a RF region as digital system use IC chips of the speeder edge rate and clock speed nowadays. Optical path really was used in order to obtain the more capacity. In this paper, we described importance of electrical interconnect to get the signal integrity in optical module by simulation and experiment. 12 channel${\times}$2.5 G/ps optical parallel transmitter modules were manufactured by two different method ; access lines with microstrip and stripline type. We have clearly shown that the optical module adopting microstrip type with S$\sub$11/ $\geq$ -10 dB presents distortion but the optical module adopting stripline type with S$\sub$11/ $\leq$ : 15 dB obtains eye opening in 2.5 Gbis optical eye pattern response.