• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.259-266
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• 2010

Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is an important nosocomial infectious diarrhea and is associated with antibiotic use. Recently, incidence of C. difficile has been increasing in hospitals. A total of 1,329 stool specimens were examined from January, 2005 to December, 2008. This study analyzed the incidence and clinical characteristics of C. difficile infections on them. Out of 1,329 stool specimens, 283 specimens showed toxin A/B positive, using EIA. The positive rate was 21.2%; with the highest incidence among and above the 70years old. On endoscopy, psedo membranous colitis was found in 57.7%, and 19.5% of patients were normal. Pathologic finding showed PMC in 26.8% of patients, AAC in 52.2%. C. difficile was associated with PMC, however, endoscopic and pathologic findings tests showed normal to PMC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1037-1041
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• 2013

Background: Prognostication of breast cancer using clinico-pathologic variables, although useful, remains imperfect. Recent research has focused on finding new markers of prognosis using gene expression profiling. Panels of proteins assessed by immunohistochemistry might also be useful in this regard. This study focused on Bcl-2 protein expression in triple-negative (TNBC) and non- triple-negative breast cancer (non-TNBC) with correlation to clinico-pathologic variables. Materials and methods: We analyzed Bcl-2 expression in 77 women with primary breast carcinoma divided into two groups; triple-negative and non- triple-negative according to expression of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptors (Her2/neu). Bcl-2 expression was assessed in relation to age, histo-pathological subtype, grade, nodal status and tumor size. Results: Bcl-2 was expressed in 74% of triple-negative breast cancers and 70% of non- triple-negative cancers. In TNBC, expression was significantly correlated with invasive ductal subtype, while in non-TNBC it was significantly correlated with age and negative nodal status. In both groups higher Bcl-2 expression associated with favourable prognostic factors in breast cancer, but no significant statistical correlations were found. Conclusions: Frequency of Bcl-2 expression does not differ between TNBC and non-TNBC, but different prognostic factors correlate with Bcl-2 in the two cases.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.224-233
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• 2002

General massage and sports massage techniques are kneading, petrisage and tappotment. These will be improve physiological reaction. Connective tissue massage is a reflex zone massage in the subcutaneous tissues. These are superficial and deeper fascia, intermuscular septa, blood vessel, perinerve tissue. It is frame work on organs in human-being, Therefore, abnormality of there tissues are a pathologic change of the organs. The pathologic changes are fined with visible investigation, manual investigation and stroking investigation on the reflex zone. The stroking on the reflex zone is the treatment also. Stroking methods are depend upon tissues and area. Short strokings are directed at approximately right angles against bone, muscular or facial board. Long strokings are very often follow the original cleavage lines. The back is divided for treatment purposes into sections. There are basic section, thoracic section and cervical section.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.157-160
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• 1997

Two 2 and 7 months-old holstin and one 3 months-old native Korean calf suffering from respiratory illness were submitted to the National Veterinary Research Institute for euthanasia and pathologic examination. At necropsy diffuse lobar pneumonia was present in apical cardiac and diaphragmatic lobes in all calves. Microscopically acute multifocal bronchiolitis and interstitial syncytial cell formation were frequently observed. in addition occlusion of bronchiolar lumen due to cellular proliferation and fibrosis accompanied by interlobular septal emphysema were also present. Immunohistochemically bovine respiratory syncytial virus antigen were positively identified in lung lesions including bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2017

Background/Objective: The survival and recurrence pattern of the patients with primary cancer of the external auditory canal was evaluated. Materials & Methods: Seventeen patients with primary cancer of the external auditory canal from 2002 to 2013 was analyzed retrospectively. Overall survival, recurrence free survival, local recurrence free survival and distant metastasis free survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meyer's method. Results: Five year overall survival rate, 5 year recurrence free survival rate, 5 year local recurrence free survival rate and 5 year distant metastasis free survival rate were 49.3% 54.9%, 64.7% and 69.6% respectively. The recurrence pattern is different to the pathologic type, squamous cell carcinoma or adenoid cystic carcinoma. The patients with squamous cell carcinoma showed local recurrence and the patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma showed distant metastasis mainly. Conclusion: Primary cancer of external auditory canal showed different clinical course depend on the pathologic diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.231-240
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• 2017

Objectives : This study was designed to establish the basis for expanding the indications for Blood-letting therapy by reviewing the contents recorded in the Zhenjiudacheng. Methods : Articles associated with the Blood-letting therapy were categorized according to the factors such as the characteristics of the treatment site, the used instruments, the caution, the side effects, the diseases, the acupoints, etc. Results : 1. The characteristics of treatment site were the red, purple, purplish red, purplish black color and the localized collection of fibrous exudate. 2. There were several instruments used for Blood-letting therapy; Samreongchim, Sochim, Loguan, Stone needle, Jukyeop, etc. 3. Several cautions and side effects of the Blood-letting therapy were recorded in the Zhenjiudacheng. 4. The Blood-letting therapy could be performed for a broad spectrum of symptoms such as headaches, backaches, schizophrenia, hyperemia, etc. 5. Not only acupoints but also extra points were used for blood-Letting therapy. 6. In addition to the usual Blood-letting region, Blood-letting therapy was performed directly on the pathologic site and pathologic reaction site. Conclusions : In the Zhenjiudacheng, Blood-letting therapy was described in a concrete and substantive manner in order to enable practical clinical application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.154-163
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• 1999

GRBAS scale, the tool fir the perceptual evaluation of voice, demands the experience of judges, and MDVP parameters of CSL, the tool for the objective measurements of voice quality demands the exact interpretation of the analyzed results. The two tools should be used as compensatory evaluation methods, so the experimental study was performed to investigate the correlation between GRBAS scales and MDVP parameters by using the pathologic voice of the 30 patients with vocal polyps, and to know the significant MDVP parameters which the inexperienced GRBAS scale judges should attend to. The 30 subjects voices, saved in MDVP of CSL were analyzed by its own analysis program, and three experienced voice therapists judged the same voices by using GRBAS scales. The correlations between them were analyzed by Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient. As results, among the 29 MDVP parameters, 22 parameters showed statistically significant correlation with Grade(G) scale(p＜0.05). And it was found that Roughness(R) scale showed significant correlation with 18 parameters, Breathiness(B) scale with 17 parameters, Strain(S) scale with 12 parameters. In Asthenicity(A) scale, no parameter showed significant correlation. On the whole, significantly high correlation were found in the parameters related with pitch ind amplitude perturbation, especially, the amplitude perturbation.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.260-264
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• 1997

Metastatic cancer presenting as a cervical cyst is uncommon, and often misdiagnosed as branchial cleft cyst. Authors experienced two cases which presented clinically with features of branchial cleft cyst, but were subsequently found to be metastatic cancer. Radiologic examination and fine needle aspiration biopsy proved to be non-diagnostic, and pathologic findings after surgical excision showed metastatic cancer. Further evaluation and examination were made to find out the primary focus, which revealed tonsillar squamous cell cancer and thyroid papillary cancer in each case. When cervical cysts are noted in aged patients, it is mandatory to rule out metastatic cancer until it is proven otherwise. Surgical excision and pathologic diagnosis should be always accompanied to make correct diagnosis and further treatment.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.68-70
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• 2013

Thymoma is the most common anterior mediastinal mass in adult, and arises from thymic epithelial cells which includes consists various proportions of epithelial and lymphocytic aspect. Thymic epithelial cell arises from the ventral wings of the third and fourth branchial pouches in the embryo, and these cells are considered tumorous condition of thymoma. Surgical resection is main treatment of thymoma. And adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation is considered due to postoperative pathologic diagnosis. We experienced a tumor which located from left anterior neck along superior mediastinum on chest radiograph incidentally and diagnosed parathyroid adenoma clinically. After surgical removal, final pathologic report was thymoma. Here, we present the case with a review of the related literatures.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.19 no.7 s.146
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• pp.625-634
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• 1981

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the root surface changes was carried out in advanced periodontal disease. The results obtained were summerized as follow; 1. The root surface of cementoenamel junction of healthy root showed smooth surface, while the root surface of diseased state showed covering of deposits which regareded as a course of calcification. 2. At the mid-portion of the root, the regular cemental projection were observed on the healthy root surface and on the root surface of diseased state, cemental projection showed relatively irregular pattern. 3. On the root surface which consist of wall of periodontal pocket, there were various deposits which could be considered as subgingival calculus, bacterial plaque and epithelial attachment remnant. 4. The bottom area of the pathologic pocket, tearing altered collagen fibers were seen on the root surface. 5. At the apical portion of root surface, calcified fibers ran parallel to the root surface in healthy tooth and the fiber bundles of periodontal ligament were seen in the diseased state.