• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2018

Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) causes severe economic losses in the poultry farms, due to systemic infections leading to lethal colisepticemia. It causes a variety of diseases from air sac infection to systemic spread leading to septicemia. Secondary infection contains opportunistic infections due to immunosuppression disease. Collibacillosis causes the great problems in the poultry industry in Korea. Thus, it is necessary to identify and classify the characteristics of E. coli isolate of chicken origin to confirm the diversity of symptoms and whether they are transmitted among the farms. Fragment analysis is identify the difference in the number of Variable-Number Tandem-Repeats (VNTRs) for genotyping. VNTRs have repeating structure (Microsatellite, Short tandem repeats; STR, Simple sequence repeats; SSR) in the chromosome. This region can be used as a genetic marker because of its high mutation rate. And various lengths of the amplified DNA fragment cause the difference in the number of repetition of the DNA specific site. The number of repetition sequences indicates the separated size of fragments, so the each fragments can be distinguished by specific samples. The results of the sample show that there is no difference in six microsatellite loci (yjiD, aidB, molR_1, ftsZ, b1668, yibA). There are differences among the farms in relation of the number of repetitions of other six microsatellite loci (ycgW, yaiN, yiaB, mhpR, b0829, caiF). Four (ycgW, yiaB, b0829, caiF) of these six microsatellite loci show statistically significant differences (P<0.05). It means that the analysis using four microsatellite loci including ycgW, yiaB, b0829, and caiF can confirm among the farms. Five E. coli samples in one farm have same SSR repetition at all markers. But, there are significant differences from other farms at Four (ycgW, yiaB, b0829, caiF) microsatellite loci. These results emphasize again that the four microsatellite loci makes a difference in the amplified DNA fragments, enabling it to be used for E. coli genotyping.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2005

Although macrophages are an important first line of cellular defense, they are unable to effectively kill phagocytosed C. albicans. To determine the physiological basis of this inability, we investigated the alterations of macrophage proteins caused by C. albicans infection. Since the formation of C. albicans hyphae caused cell death, proteins were prepared 3 h after infection and examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The most prominent changes were in glycolytic enzymes, which could have caused energy depletion of the infected cells. Also changed were proteins involved in maintenance of cellular integrity and NO production. Treatment of the macrophages with either cytochalasin D or taxol did not alter their inability to kill C. albicans. Our results indicate that multiple factors contribute to cell death as the pathogenic form of C. albicans becomes fully active inside macrophage cells.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.16-25
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• 1987

고추 종자에서 Colletotrichum acutatum, C. coccodes, C.dematium 및 C. gloeosporioides 등 4종의 탄저병균(炭疽病菌)이 검출(檢出)되었다. 그중 C.dematium과 C.gloeosporioides가 높은 비율(比率)로 검출(檢出)되었으며, 감염율(感染率)이 높은 종자시료(種子試料)는 각각(各各) 최고 84% 및 28%의 감염율(感染率)을 나타내었다. 반면에 C.acutatum과 C.coccodes는 각각 1개의 종자 시료(試料)에서 1% 및 2%의 낮은 비율(比率)로 검출(檢出)되었다. 표준습지법(標準濕紙法)이 냉동습지법(冷凍濕紙法)이나 한천배지배양법(培地培養法)에 비하여 종자상의 탄저병균(炭疽病菌) 검출(檢出)에 효과적(效果的)이었다. C.dematium과 C. gloeosporioides의 종자내 감염부위(感染部位)를 조사(調査)하였던 바, 종피(種皮)뿐 아니라 종자내 깊숙이 배유(胚乳)와 자엽(子葉)에 까지 감염(感染)되어 있음이 확인되었으나 종피(種皮) 감염율(感染率)이 높았다. C.dematium과 C.gloeosporioides 감염종자(感染種子)를 한천배지와 살균토양에 옮겨 발아율과 유묘생육상황(幼苗生育狀況)을 조사한 결과, 감염종자(感染種子)는 종자부패(種子腐敗), 모잘록, 유묘고사(幼苗枯死) 및 자엽(子葉)과 하배축(下胚軸)의 변색(變色)을 초래하였다. 접종실험(接種實驗) 결과 C.acutatum은 고추의 적과(赤果)에 병원성(病原性)이 있었고 C.coccodes는 고추 적과(赤果)에 강한 병원성(病原性)이, 고추 잎에 약한 병원성(病原性)이 있었다. C.dematium은 고추 잎과 청과(靑果)에 강한 병원성(病原性)이 있었고, C.gloeosporioides 는 고추 잎과 청과(靑果) 및 적과(赤果)에 병원성이 있었다. 이들 4종의 종자전염성(種子傳染性) 탄저병균(炭疽病菌)의 고추 이외의 다른 작물(作物)에 대한 병원성도 조사하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2000

This study was carried out to determine the causative agent and the epidemiological features of canine dermatitis in Tae-gu, Korea from 1997 to 1998. Specimens of collected from skin lesions were examined mycologically, parasitologically and bacteriologically. In all, 70 dogs of differing ages, gender and living environment were sampled. In mycological examination during this period, pathogenic fungi were cultured from 29(41.3%) of 70 canine specimens. Dermatophytes were cultured from 15(21.4%) and Malassezia pachydermatis were 14(20.0%) of the specimens. The frequent dermatophytes isolated were Microsporum canis (12.9%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes (4.3%), T rubrum (2.9%), T raubitschekii and M gypseum (each 1.4%). There was a high proportion of positive cultures from dogs less than 1 year and over than 3 years of age, and in some long haired breeds, but there was no significant difference between the sexes, and the living environments. Although dermatophytes were more frequently isolated in spring and winter, no significant difference was detected in the seasonal distribution of the canine dermatophytosis. Out of 70 dogs, dermatitis ectoparasites(27.1%; Demodex canis 18.6% and Sarcoptes scabie 8.6%) and bacterial pyoderma(40.4%) were diagnosed. Demodex canis and Sarcoptes scabie were common canine ectoparasites, with a higher incidence in short haired breeds and in summer and winter. Bacterial pyoderma was a higher incidence in long haired breeds, and in summer. In the pathogenic agents isolated from 57 dogs(81.4%), single infection rate was 66.7%(38 dogs) and mixed infection rate was, 35.1%(19 dogs). In the majority of mixed infection cases, Gram positive cocci and Malassezia pachydermatis (in 5 cases, 8.8%), as well as ectoparasites(in 6 cases, 10.5%) were demonstrated simultaneously.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.531-537
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• 1993

A study was carried out to define the relationship between the N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucosaminidase(NAGase) levels and isolated pathogenic bacteria in 379 quarter fore milk of mastitis suspected samples collected in this clinics. All samples were tested the NAGase, California mastitis test(CMT), Somatic cell count(SCC) and bacterial culture. Except 111 from 379 samples, 268 bacteria-positive quarter fore milk samples were classified into the latent and mastitis infection group by SCC($500,000cells\;per\;m{\ell}$), and the mean NAGase levels($nmol/min/m{\ell}$) of each isolated pathogen in mastitis infection group were Staphylococcus aureus 3.067, Coagulase-negative staphylococci 4.083, Staphylococcus aureus 3.594, Str. uberis 3.513, Str. dysgalactiae 1.640, E coli 4.441 and gram negative rods 4.560, respectively. Most of the relationship between mean SCC and NAGase in each pathogen group were highly significant using a student t test(p<0.05). When the mastitis pathogens were classified into minor(Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Corynebacterium sp.) and major pathogen group(Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Str. uberis, Str. dysgalactiae, gram negative rods), the NAGase levels were higher at major than minor pathogen group. On the other hand, when the mastitis milk samples were classified by SCC($500,000cells\;per\;m{\ell}$) and by the presence of pathogen(IDF scheme), the NAGase levels were also higher at the mastitis than latent infection. The possibility of combining SCC and NAGase data in order to give the more difinitive diagnosis is discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1337-1345
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• 2014

A novel antifungal protein produced by the fungal strain Penicillium citrinum W1, which was isolated from a Southwest Indian Ocean sediment sample, was purified and characterized. The culture supernatant of P. citrinum W1 inhibited the mycelial growth of some plant pathogenic fungi. After saturation of P. citrinum W1 culture supernatants with ammonium sulfate and ion-exchange chromatography, an antifungal protein (PcPAF) was purified. The N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis showed that PcPAF might be an unknown antifungal protein. PcPAF displayed antifungal activity against Trichoderma viride, Fusarium oxysporum, Paecilomyces variotii, and Alternaria longipes at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.52, 6.08, 3.04, and $6.08{\mu}g/disc$, respectively. PcPAF possessed high thermostability and had a certain extent of protease and metal ion resistance. The results suggested that PcPAF may represent a novel antifungal protein with potential application in controlling plant pathogenic fungal infection.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.4.1-4.5
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• 2022

This paper describes a fatal case of pneumonia in a 14-day-old dog caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC). The necropsy showed that almost all of left lobes of the lungs had dark-red consolidation. A histopathology examination revealed moderate acute fibrino-hemorrhagic necrotizing pneumonia with intralesional bacterial colonies. Non-suppurative epicarditis, congestion in the liver, and necrosis in the white pulp of the spleen also were found. E. coli with cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 and α-hemolysin was isolated from the lung. This case was confirmed to have fatal pneumonia caused by ExPEC that led to a systemic infection.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.26.1-26.9
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• 2023

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) produces a severe hypersensitivity reaction caused by Herpes simplex virus or mycoplasma infection, vaccination, systemic disease, or other agents. Several studies have investigated the genetic susceptibility involved in SJS. To provide further genetic insights into the pathogenesis of SJS, this study prioritized high-impact, SJS-associated pathogenic variants through integrating bioinformatic and population genetic data. First, we identified SJS-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms from the genome-wide association studies catalog, followed by genome annotation with HaploReg and variant validation with Ensembl. Subsequently, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) from GTEx identified human genetic variants with differential gene expression across human tissues. Our results indicate that two variants, namely rs2074494 and rs5010528, which are encoded by the HLA-C (human leukocyte antigen C) gene, were found to be differentially expressed in skin. The allele frequencies for rs2074494 and rs5010528 also appear to significantly differ across continents. We highlight the utility of these population-specific HLA-C genetic variants for genetic association studies, and aid in early prognosis and disease treatment of SJS.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.311-314
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• 2001

Phytophthora root rot of lettuce, which has not been reported in Korea before, occurred severely in liquid hydroponic culture. The disease occurred in all seasons and was most severe in summer from June to August, showing over 90% infection rate in some farms. A total of 51 isolates collected from various farms were all identified as Phytophthora drechsleri. The fungus showed strong pathogenicity to lettuce and Chinese cabbage, moderate pathogenicity to cucurbits and tomato, and weak pathogenicity to pepper. However, the fungus was not pathogenic to other leafy vegetables namely: chicory, kale, endive, garland chrysanthemum, spinach beet, and perilla. Among 10 species of Phytophtora inoculated to lettuce, only P. drechsleri and P. cryptogea were found pathogenic.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.61-64
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• 2015

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) occurred in the breeder duck farms in Jeonbuk of in Korea on January to February 2014. Clinically, the most ducks showed various signs from depression, dropped egg production and feed consumption to even, death. The most commonly gross changes were hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhage on the liver surface, a white stripe on the cardiac muscle, multifocal hemorrhagic foci in pancreas, and severely hemorrhagic embryos. The most significant signs of H5N8 virus was supposed to specific on ducks. The viral antigen was mainly detected in the endothelium of blood vessels of various organs and tissues, peripheral nerves, and neuronal cells. Based on the above results, we identified that HPAI H5N8 induced systemic infection in the adult breeder ducks.