• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 1967

In the present paper author investigated the symptom, pathogenic fungus and pathogenicity of Endothia canker of Carpinus laxiflora in Korea, and made clear the indistinct discription on its pathogen in the past. 1. The pathogen is identified as Endothia fluens (Schw.) Shear et Stevens. The discription is recorded as follows: Stromata cortical, erumpent, spherical or conical, outer yellowish-brown and inner yellowish, 0.5 to 2.5 mm in diameter; perithecia irregularly embeded in the bottom of stroma, 7 to 23 in a stroma usually spherical to elliptical or irregular, 235 to $370{\mu}$ in diameter, with black slender necks; each neck open the papilliate ostiole to the surface, about 250 to $400{\mu}$ in length; asci clavate or fusoid, colorless, 31.16 to 42.64 by 6.54 to $8.20{\mu}$ in size, average 37.02 by $6.84{\mu}$, with 8 ascospores in double line; ascospores elliptical, ovate or cylindrical, with rounded ends, hyaline, 1-septate, not constrict at the septum, 6.51 to 9.30 by 3.16 to $3.72{\mu}$, average 7.61 by $3.44{\mu}$ in size; pycnidia formed abundantly in stroma. spherical at first but later irregular large cavity by fussing each other; pycnospores oblong or rod-shaped, hyaline, non-septate, 3.8 by $1.9{\mu}$ in size; spore-horn formed abundantly under moist condition. 2. The pathogen is wound parasite invading the hosts through the wound. But after the infection is established, expanding the disease lesion is swiftly vigorus.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.440-448
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• 2021

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) establishes long-term infections associated with severe gastric diseases such as peptic ulceration and gastric cancer. Exposure to an antibacterial agent can help regulate the expression levels of its pathogenic genes. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptional changes in H. pylori genes induced by β-caryophyllene. We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to analyze RNA expression changes, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed as required to verify the results. The NGS results showed that 30 out of 1,632 genes were expressed differentially by β-caryophyllene treatment. Eleven genes associated with DNA replication, virulence factors, and T4SS components were significantly downregulated. RT-PCR confirmed that treatment reduced the expression levels of 11 genes. RT-PCR showed the reduced expression of 11 genes (dnaE, dnaN, holB, gyrA, cagA, vacA, secA, flgE, virB2, virB4, and virB8) following β-caryophyllene treatment. These results suggest that β-caryophyllene can modulate various H. pylori pathogenic determinants and be a potential therapeutic agent for H. pylori infection.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2023

Bovine trypanosomiasis is a significant health concern for livestock intensification in Côte d'Ivoire. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of pathogenic trypanosomes and identify the most infected cattle breed in northern Côte d'Ivoire. We examined 700 cattle and found that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was more sensitive (12.3%) than microscopic observation (5.6%). Among the trypanosome species detected in naturally infected cattle, Trypanosoma vivax was 7.3%, Trypanosoma simiae tsavo was 6.7%, and Trypanosoma congolense was 0.4%. The overall prevalence of trypanosome infection in all cattle breeds was 12.3%, while the prevalence in individual breeds was 14.8%, 7.3%, 10.6%, and 12.3% for N'Dama, Baoule, Zebu, and Mere breed, respectively. The infected animals had low packed cell volume, influencing the prevalence. Our findings indicate that bovine trypanosomes are prevalent in Côte d'Ivoire, and their prevalence varies by region and breed. These pathogens include T. vivax, T. simiae tsavo, and T. congolense.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2012

치과진료실은 다양한 종류의 병원성 미생물에 항상 노출되어 있으며, 환자의 분비물과 에어로졸 형태의 여러 경로를 통해 실내가 오염될 경우 교차감염의 매개 장소가 될 수 있다. 교차감염의 위험이 산재되어 있는 치과진료와 치과진료실에서 교차감염 방지의 주체자는 치과위생사이다. 치과위생사는 임상 전문가로 활동하기 전에 감염방지에 대한 올바른 인식을 가지고 있어야 되며, 이러한 감염방지 인식수준은 임상실습에서부터 영향을 받는다. 이에 감염방지의 인식을 조사하고자 일부 4년제 대학교 치위생학과 교육과정 중 3학년 과정에 임상실습이 정규과목으로 정해져있는 학생 314명을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료 수집은 2011년 12월 9일부터 2012년 2월 22일까지 수행하였고, 수집된 자료 중 응답이 불성실한 11부의 설문지를 제외한 303부를 SPSS WIN 20.0을 사용하여 최종 분석하였고, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 감염질환에 관한 인식 영역에서 교내 외 실습 경험군은 감염질환 인지의 중요성 문항에서 4.89점, B형간염 예방접종 의무의 문항에서는 4.65점, B형간염 예방접종 필요성 인식의 문항에서는 4.77점, 문진 실시하여 감염방지를 실천할 수 있는지에 대한 문항에서는 4.71점, 감염방지 교육의 도움에 관한 문항에서는 4.76점으로 가장 높았으며, 유의한 차이를 보였다. 치위생학과 학생들을 위한 체계적이고 다양한 감염방지 교육 프로그램 개발과 학년에 따른 차별적인 교육이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경농학회 2009년도 정기총회 및 국제심포지엄
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• pp.220-227
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• 2009

For last about 10 years, the Republic of Korea experienced 3 times of outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) from 10 December 2003 to 30 April 2004 (a total number of 19 outbreaks), 22 November 2006 to 6 March 2007 (a total number of 7 outbreaks), and 1 April 2008 to 12 May 2008 (a total number of 33 outbreaks). Among the totally 59 outbreaks, the infected premises included 35 chicken farms, 17 duck farms, 1 quail farm, and 6 farms rearing mixed species. Control measures were applied according to the HPAI standard operation procedure including depopulation of all infected and suspected flocks, movement restrictions, and disinfection of the infected farms within a 500-meter radius. Including movement restrictions, stringent control measures were additionally applied to two designated zones: the protection zone was an area within a 3-kilometer radius of the outbreak farm, and the surveillance zone was an area between a 3- to 10-kilometer radius of the outbreak farm. Farms with dangerous contacts and/or all of poultry within the protection zone was subjected to preemptive culling. Epidemiological investigations were also carried out including trace-back and trace-forward investigations to identify possible sources of spread and dangerous contact farms. Investigation teams conducted on-site examination of farm premises and facilities, interview with farm owner and staff, and review of records. Genetic and pathogenic characteristics of the virus isolates, and the results of the various surveillance activities were also analyzed. HPAI surveillance conducted in Korea includes passive surveillance of investigating notified cases, and active surveillance of testing high risk groups and areas. HPAI is a notifiable disease in Korea and all suspect cases must be reported to the veterinary authorities. Cases reported for other poultry diseases that require differential diagnosis are also tested for HPAI. Active surveillance includes annual testing of breeder duck farms, broiler duck farms and wild bird surveillance, which is concentrated during the autumn and winter. Surveillance activities conducted prior to the outbreaks have shown no evidence of HPAI infection in Korea.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2019

최근 산업동물에서도 동물복지의 관심이 높아짐에 따라 복지 사육방식을 채택한 농가의 수가 늘어나고 있다. 본 연구는 복지농장과 일반농장 간의 병원체 탐색 및 조류인플루엔자 방어율의 차이를 확인하고자 하였다. 복지농장 사육 육계와 산란계, 일반농장 사육 육계와 산란계에서 얻어진 샘플들을 이용하여 비교한 결과, 마이코플라즈마 검출에서는 사육형태간 차이를 확인할 수 없었으며, 저병원성 인플루엔자의 배출량도 초기를 제외하고는 차이를 확인할 수 없었다. 앞으로 국내에서 사육방식의 차이에 따른 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.520-528
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• 2012

Objective: This study was performed to assess bacterial distribution concerned in sanitation management of public lavatory in Seoul. Methods: In this research, bacteriological investigation on public lavatory was accomplished for bidet water, bidet nozzle, washbowl and lavatory stool in the 50 public facilities such as public institutions, subway stations, cinema, department stores, large-scale buildings and hospitals amount to 374 specimens. Results: The geometric mean of colony forming unit(CFU) in total aerobic colony count were analyzed as follows; $5.2{\times}10^2/100cm^2$ on lavatory stool, $7.2{\times}10^3/ea$ on bidet nozzle, $7.8{\times}10^3/ea$ on center ring of washbowl, $1.4{\times}10/mL$ in bidet water (ml) and 7.0/ea on doorknob. Opportunistically pathogenic germs such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated in 3.7%, 5.9%, 3.2% and 1.9% of total specimens, respectively. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that there were some facilities where the pathogenic germs were detected to may cause urological infection. And the CFU of general bacteria as the representative indicator of disinfection and lavatory cleaning were high enough to imply the improvement of sanitation management of public lavatories should be contrived.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2000

최근 육상의 넙치 양식장에서는 두 가지의 서로 다른 특성을 가지는 세균성질병이 같이 감염되는 혼합감염증이 빈번하게 발생하고 있는데, 혼합감염증은 서로 다른 원인균의 특성 때문에 단일 종류의 약제만으로는 치료효과를 거두기가 어려운 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구는 약제의 병용 투여에 의해 이들의 상승작용을 이용함으로써 합병증에 대한 치료효과를 높이기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 어류 세균성질병의 원인세균인 Vibrio anguillarum, Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis을 선정하여 병용 항균제의 시험관내 활성을 평가하는 대표적 방법인 Checkerboard법을 적용하여 fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC)지수를 구하여 상승효과를 나타내는 병용 항균제를 찾아내었다. (OTC+LM), (TC+FF), (OTC+FF)의 병용 항균제는 V. anguillarum에 대하여, (SNF+FF), (TC+FF), (SNF+OXA), (OTC+FF)의 병용 항균제는 E. tarda에 대하여, (CFX+OL), (OTC+OL), (TC+OL), (OTC+LM), (OTC+SPM), (OTC+EM), (DOXY+OL), (TC+SPM)의 병용 항균제는 Streptococcus sp.에 대하여, (CFX+EM), (FF+EM), (DOXY+OL), (CFX+OL)의 병용 항균제는 S. epidermidis에 대하여 시험관내 상승적 상호작용을 나타내었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2017

Among different types of spoilage, microbial contamination can cause feed decomposition, which results in decreases in feed intake and productivity, infection, and breeding disorder. During the storage time, various microbes have a chance to inoculate with depreciation of feed and to infect the animals. We investigated bacteria that inhabit diverse feed ingredients and complete feed which have been stored for a few months. We isolated and identified 30 genera and 62 species of bacteria. Among these 62 species, 21 species were of non-pathogenic bacteria, 18 species were of pathogenic bacteria, 9 species were of opportunistic pathogens, and 14 species were of unknown bacteria. Pantoea allii and 24 species showed proteolytic enzyme activity. We also confirmed that 6 species including Pseudomonas psychrotolerans showed ${\alpha}$-amylase activity, and 29 species including Burkholderia vietnamiensis showed cellulase activity. Microbacterium testaceum and 3 species showed resistance to Ampicillin, Kanamycin, Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Carbenicillin, and Erythromycin ($50{\mu}g/mL$). Using mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.) as a model for pathogenicity, we confirmed that 8 species including Staphylococcus xylosus had pathogenicity for mealworm larvae. Especially, Enterobacter hormaechei, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Staphylococcus hominis were reported as being pathogenic for humans. This research suggests that hygienic management of animal feed is essential because beneficial and harmful bacteria can inhabit animal feed differently during storage and distribution.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.509-514
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Korean isolates of Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii). A total of 43 Cronobacter spp., including 5 clinical isolates, 34 food isolates, 2 environmental isolates, and 2 reference strains (C. sakazakii ATCC 29004 and C. muytjensii ATCC51329) were used in this study. Korean isolates of Cronobacter spp. were divided into 11 biogroups according to their biochemical profiles and 3 genomic groups based on the analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Biogroups 1 and 2 contained the majority of isolates (n=26), most of which were contained in 16S rRNA cluster 1 (n=34). Korean isolates of Cronobacter spp. showed diverse biochemical profiles. Biogroup 1 contained C. sakazakii GIHE (Gyeonggido Research Institute of Health and Environment) 1 and 2, which were isolated from babies that exhibited symptoms of Cronobacter spp. infection such as gastroenteritis, sepsis, and meningitis. Our finding revealed that Biogroup 1, C. sakazakii, is more prevalent and may be a more pathogenic biogroup than other biogroups, but the pathogenic biogroup was not represented clearly among the 11 biogroups tested in this study. Thus, all biogroups of Cronobacter spp. were recognized as pathogenic bacteria, and the absence of Cronobacter spp. in infant foods should be constantly regulated to prevent food poisoning and infection caused by Cronobacter spp.