• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.177-195
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• 2009

Objectives : This study is performed to investigate the acupuncture on Sciatica through the literature of oriental medicine. Methods : We collected the oriental medical literature from ancient to modern times, and extracted the causes, symptoms, treatments and acupoints of sciatica. Results : The findings of this study are as follows: 1. The etiology of Sciatica is differentiated into the exogenous pathogenic factors(wind, cold, dampness, trauma, bad posture) and the internal pathogenic factors(deficiency of the kidney energy, congenital debility). 2. The symptoms of Sciatica are pain, weakness and dysesthesia in the low back, hip and lower limb. 3. In the treatment of Sciatica, The Leg Greater Yang Bladder (BL) Meridian and The Leg Lesser Yang Gall Bladder (GB) Meridian out of 12 meridians were mainly used and the acupoint GB30(Hwando) was most frequently used in the acupuncture literature. 4. The number of acupoints used for sciatica was 95, and those acupoints in the order of frequency were GB30(Hwando), GB34(Yangnungch'on), BL40(Wijung), BL60(Kollyun), GB31(P'ungshi), GB39(Hyonjong), BL57(Sungsan), ST36(Chok-samni). Conclusion : The most frequently used acupoints for the treatment of sciatica are as follows; GB30(Hwando), GB34(Yangnungch'on), GB31(P'ungshi), GB39(Hyonjong) of The Leg Lesser Yang Gall Bladder Meridian, BL40(Wijung), BL60(Kollyun), BL57(Sungsan) of The Leg Greater Yang Bladder Meridian.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2019

While research findings suggest that the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is the leading cause of economic loss in Korean poultry industry with an estimated cumulative impact of $909 million since 2003, identifying the environmental and anthropogenic risk factors involved remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to identify areas at high risk for potential HPAI outbreaks according to the likelihood of HPAI virus detection in wild birds. This study integrates spatial information regarding HPAI surveillance with relevant demographic and environmental factors collected between 2003 and 2018. The Maximum Entropy (Maxent) species distribution modeling with presence-only data was used to model the spatial risk of HPAI virus. We used historical data on HPAI occurrence in wild birds during the period 2003-2018, collected by the National Quarantine Inspection Agency of Korea. The database contains a total of 1,065 HPAI cases (farms) tied to 168 unique locations for wild birds. Among the environmental variables, the most effective predictors of the potential distribution of HPAI in wild birds were (in order of importance) altitude, number of HPAI outbreaks at farm-level, daily amount of manure processed and number of wild birds migrated into Korea. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the 10 Maxent replicate runs of the model with twelve variables was 0.855 with a standard deviation of 0.012 which indicates that the model performance was excellent. Results revealed that geographic area at risk of HPAI is heterogeneously distributed throughout the country with higher likelihood in the west and coastal areas. The results may help biosecurity authority to design risk-based surveillance and implementation of control interventions optimized for the areas at highest risk of HPAI outbreak potentials.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Due to the major role played by several species of Streptococcus in the etiology of periodontitis, it is important to assess the pattern of Streptococcus pathogenic pathways within the infected subgingival pockets using a bacterial specific 16S rRNA fragment. From the total of 50 patients with periodontitis included in the study, only 23 Streptococcal isolates were considered for further analyses, in which their 16S rRNA fragments were amplified and sequenced. Then, a comprehensive phylogenetic tree was constructed and in silico prediction was performed for the observed Streptococcal species. The phylogenetic analysis of the subgingival Streptococcal species revealed a high discrimination power of the 16S rRNA fragment to accurately identify three groups of Streptococcus on the species level, including S. salivarius (14 isolates), S. anginosus (5 isolates), and S. gordonii (4 isolates). The employment of state-of-art in silico tools indicated that each Streptococcal species group was characterized with particular transcription factors that bound exclusively with a different 16S rRNA-based secondary structure. In conclusion, the observed data of the present study provided in-depth insights into the mechanism of each Streptococcal species in its pathogenesis, which differ in each observed group, according to the differences in the 16S rRNA secondary structure it takes, and the consequent binding with its corresponding transcription factors. This study paves the way for further interventions of the in silico prediction, with the main conventional in vitro microbiota identification to present an interesting insight in terms of the gene expression pattern and the signaling pathway that each pathogenic species follows in the infected subgingival site.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.36.1-36.14
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• 2022

Background: Since 2003, the H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype has caused massive economic losses in the poultry industry in South Korea. The role of inland water bodies in avian influenza (AI) outbreaks has not been investigated. Identifying water bodies that facilitate risk pathways leading to the incursion of the HPAI virus (HPAIV) into poultry farms is essential for implementing specific precautionary measures to prevent viral transmission. Objectives: This matched case-control study (1:4) examined whether inland waters were associated with a higher risk of AI outbreaks in the neighboring poultry farms. Methods: Rivers, irrigation canals, lakes, and ponds were considered inland water bodies. The cases and controls were chosen based on the matching criteria. The nearest possible farms located within a radius of 3 km of the case farms were chosen as the control farms. The poultry farms were selected randomly, and two HPAI epidemics (H5N8 [2014-2016] and H5N6 [2016-2017]) were studied. Conditional logistic regression analysis was applied. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that inland waters near poultry farms were significant risk factors for AI outbreaks. The study speculated that freely wandering wild waterfowl and small animals contaminate areas surrounding poultry farms. Conclusions: Pet birds and animals raised alongside poultry birds on farm premises may wander easily to nearby waters, potentially increasing the risk of AI infection in poultry farms. Mechanical transmission of the AI virus occurs when poultry farm workers or visitors come into contact with infected water bodies or their surroundings. To prevent AI outbreaks in the future, poultry farms should adopt strict precautions to avoid contact with nearby water bodies and their surroundings.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.273-287
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• 2000

The Literatural Study on the classification of cause and the effect of Acupuncture and Moxibustion treatment for Tinnitus was studied from the viewpoint of therapeutic acupuncture and moxibustion effect. And the results were as follows: 1. The cause of Tinnitus is divided three parts, The Internal Organs factors, Internal damages, and Exogenous pathogenic factors, in The Nei Jing. 2. The basal meridian of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment were the channels of Shaoyang. 3. The treatment of acupuncture had a rule of Ju Ci.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2013

Periodontitis is a common oral disease that is characterized by infection and inflammation of the tooth supporting tissues. While its incidence is highly associated with outgrowth of the pathogenic microbiome, some patients show signs of predisposition and quickly fall into recurrence after treatment. Recent research using genetic associations of candidates as well as genome-wide analysis highlights that variations in genes related to the inflammatory response are associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. Intriguingly, some of the genes are regulated by epigenetic modifications, supposedly established and reprogrammed in response to environmental stimuli. In addition, the treatment with epigenetic drugs improves treatment of periodontitis in a mouse model. In this review, we highlight some of the recent progress identifying genetic factors associated with periodontitis and point to promising approaches in epigenetic research that may contribute to the understanding of molecular mechanisms involving different responses in individuals and the early detection of predispositions that may guide in future oral treatment and disease prevention.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 1997

The term of apoptosis, programmed cell death, was firstly coined to distinguish with necrosis, pathologic cell death, by Kerr in 1972. Although various pathogenic factors are able to occur apoptosis, ti is essential process for normal development and physiology in the animals. Recently in the field of medicine, apoptosis researeh is especially focused in serveral Kind of pathopoiesis problems including cancer, immunodeficiency associated HIV and other virus, autommunity, alzheimer and congenital anormality. The information obtained from the animal model system for apoptosis should be directly applicable to both life science for understanding of development and medicine for practical the rapy. To know the common mechanism of apoptosis, it is prerequisite that the genes and factors responsible for apoptosis should be defined and characterized on the molecular level. The study of apoptosis should contribute largely to biology inculuding cell physiology and development, and both basic and clinical medicine to understand cause of diseases for therapy as well as congenital defect.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Pediatric nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and generalized edema. Most childhood NS cases are idiopathic (with an unknown etiology). Traditional therapeutic approaches based on immunosuppressive agents largely support the key role of the immune system in idiopathic NS (INS), especially in the steroid-sensitive form. Although most previous studies have suggested the main role of T cell dysfunction and/or the abnormal secretion of certain glomerular permeability factors, recent studies have emphasized the role of B cells since the therapeutic efficacy of B cell depletion therapy in inducing and/or maintaining prolonged remission in patients with INS was confirmed. Furthermore, several studies have detected circulating autoantibodies that target podocyte proteins in a subset of patients with INS, suggesting an autoimmune-mediated etiology of INS. Accordingly, a new therapeutic modality using B cell-depleting drugs has been attempted, with significant effects in a subset of patients with INS. Currently, INS is considered an immune-mediated disorder caused by a complex interplay between T cells, B cells, soluble factors, and podocytes, which may vary among patients. More in-depth investigations of the pathogenic pathways of INS are required for an effective personalized therapeutic approach and to define precise targets for therapeutic intervention.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.114-126
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• 2016

국내의 HPAI 전파 요인으로는 철새, 농가의 축주, 축산 차량 등이 있으며, 특히 HPAI 발생 후 급속한 전파의 원인이 되는 원거리 전파는 축산차량에 의한 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 2014년 발생한 HPAI(H5N8)의 원거리 전파요인인 축산차량 이동정보를 지리정보시스템(GIS)과 연계하여 연구 대상지를 선정 후 차량의 농가 방문빈도 및 목적분석, 사회연결망 유형 분석을 수행하였으며, 도출된 유형을 통해 전국의 HPAI 발생농가의 분포 특성을 알아보았다. 또한 분석에서 도출된 결과를 통해 기존의 방역 및 살처분 범위 설정을 선행연구와의 차별화된 상황에 따라 유동적이며 탄력적인 차량 정보를 이용한 살처분 범위 설정을 제시하려 한다. 분석 결과 사회연결망 유형은 '지역 집중형, '지역 확산형, '광역 집중형, '광역 확산형, '전국 확산형의 5가지 유형이 도출 되었다. 도출된 유형은 다소 제한적인 유형 분석으로 볼 수 있으나, 전국의 타 발생 농가에 비추어 크게 벗어나지 않는 유형으로 설명될 수 있다. 또한, 위의 유형 분석은 추후 HPAI 방역 범위설정에 있어서 차량정보를 이용한 유동적 방역범위 설정 시, 담당자의 의사결정에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2006

본 실험은 육계에서의 Marek's disease(MD) 백신에 대한 안전성과 효용성을 국내에 기 도입된 18일령 계란에서의 백신 접종 방법(In-Ovo vaccination)을 이용하여 평가하고자 실시하였다. 육계에서의 MD 오염율은 nested PCR을 이용하였으며 백신 접종군과 비접종군간의 생산성 차이를 출하 일령, 평균출하체중, 출하율, 사료 효율을 기본으로 하는 생산 지수를 측정하여 비교하였다. 백신에 의한 면역 억제 현상을 파악하기 위하여 접종 농장에서 채취한 혈청에서의 항체 역가수준과 F낭의 무게 변화를 검사하였다. 국내 육계에서의 MD 발생율을 파악하기 위하여 nested PCR을 실시한 결과 조사 대상 농장 중 26.09%가 오염되었으며, 백신 접종 농장과 비접종 농장간의 생산 지수의 차이는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 MDV 오염군에서의 MD 백신 접종 농장의 생산 지수가 비접종 농장보다 높아 간접적으로 효과가 있음이 인정되었다. 면역 억제여부를 파악하기 위한 검사에서는 두 그룹 간 B/B ratio 차이는 없었으나 두 계군 모두 출하 시 심한 위축을 보여주어 혈청 검사 성적과 연계하여 볼 때 국내 육계 농장에서의 IBD 감염이 만연되어 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해서 국내 육계에서의 MDV 오염율이 파악되었으며, In-Ovo 백신 접종에 의한 MD 백신 접종은 안전성에 있어서는 별다른 문제가 없었으나 효능면에 있어서는 MD 야외감염율이 낮고 IBD와 같은 면역 억제 질병의 감염이 만연되어 있어 정확한 평가가 되지 않아 앞으로 후속 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다.