Journal of Veterinary Science

The Korean Society of Veterinary Science (대한수의학회)
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Impact of inland waters on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in neighboring poultry farms in South Korea

  • Ahmad, Saleem (Veterinary Public Health Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Koh, Kyeyoung (Veterinary Public Health Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Yoo, Daesung (Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency) ;
  • Suh, Gukhyun (Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Jaeil (Veterinary Public Health Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Chang-Min (Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University)
  • Received : 2021.10.28
  • Accepted : 2022.01.20
  • Published : 2022.05.31
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Abstract

Background: Since 2003, the H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype has caused massive economic losses in the poultry industry in South Korea. The role of inland water bodies in avian influenza (AI) outbreaks has not been investigated. Identifying water bodies that facilitate risk pathways leading to the incursion of the HPAI virus (HPAIV) into poultry farms is essential for implementing specific precautionary measures to prevent viral transmission. Objectives: This matched case-control study (1:4) examined whether inland waters were associated with a higher risk of AI outbreaks in the neighboring poultry farms. Methods: Rivers, irrigation canals, lakes, and ponds were considered inland water bodies. The cases and controls were chosen based on the matching criteria. The nearest possible farms located within a radius of 3 km of the case farms were chosen as the control farms. The poultry farms were selected randomly, and two HPAI epidemics (H5N8 [2014-2016] and H5N6 [2016-2017]) were studied. Conditional logistic regression analysis was applied. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that inland waters near poultry farms were significant risk factors for AI outbreaks. The study speculated that freely wandering wild waterfowl and small animals contaminate areas surrounding poultry farms. Conclusions: Pet birds and animals raised alongside poultry birds on farm premises may wander easily to nearby waters, potentially increasing the risk of AI infection in poultry farms. Mechanical transmission of the AI virus occurs when poultry farm workers or visitors come into contact with infected water bodies or their surroundings. To prevent AI outbreaks in the future, poultry farms should adopt strict precautions to avoid contact with nearby water bodies and their surroundings.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors wish to thank all the members of the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Korea for providing the data to perform the work. The cooperation of poultry farms workers in collecting additional information is also appreciated.

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