• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.967-972
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• 1996

A study was carried on histopathology of LUTD. Based on this study, it was noted that a plural number of factors and some genetic mechanisms are participating in onset of this disease, which should have to be studied further in future in omnidirections.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.432-445
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• 2018

For health care professionals(HCPs) who have relatively higher possibility of exposing tuberculosis(Tb), it is important for them to equip with proper levels of knowledge and prevention activities. In terms of establishment of Tb education model for junior HCPs, therefore, literature review was done alongside 129 junior HCPs and 14 HCPs were asked to answer questionnaires and telephone survey. The results are follows.; Firstly, six educational themes such as epidermiology of Tb, Tb transmission and patho-physiology, test and diagnosis, latent Tb, Tb treatment, and Tb prevention were identified, based on the literature review. Secondly, the junior HCPs showed lower levels of knowledge regarding epidermiology, transmission and patho-physiology and latent Tb, compared to the other themes. When education courses are planned, longer period of time should be given to the lower level of knowledge areas. Thirdly, the HCPs emphasized that definition and type of Tb should be well integrated into the education in particular epidermiology education. They also responded that hospital infection and infection cycle of Tb need to be addressed during educational session about transmission and patho-physiology. in addition, they said that specific and detailed contents about diagnosis and group examination should be carefully delivered during the education, along with diagnosis, test and application of personal protective devices during education of latent Tb. They also answered that patient education and adverse effect of Tb medication should be taught during Tb treatment session, as well as self activities of health promotion for junior HCPs and systematic TB education as key way of Tb prevention. As the findings were from limited numbers of respondents and contained the sampling bias, the result has to be carefully interpretated prior to generalization. Therefore, further survey with larger study population is required in terms of development of Tb education model.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.166-178
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• 2023

Undeniably, endothelial cells (EC) contribute to the maintenance of the homeostasis of the organism through modulating cellular physiology, including signaling pathways, through the release of highly active molecules as well as the response to a myriad of extrinsic and intrinsic signaling factors. Review the data from the current literature on the EC role in norm and disease. Endothelium maintains a precise balance between the released molecules, where EC dysfunction arises when the endothelium actions shift toward vasoconstriction, the proinflammatory, prothrombic properties after the alteration of nitric oxide (NO) production and oxidative stress. The functions of the EC are regulated by the negative/positive feedback from the organism, through EC surface receptors, and the crosstalk between NO, adrenergic receptors, and oxidative stress. More than a hundred substances can interact with EC. The EC dysfunction is a hallmark in the emergence and progression of vascular-related pathologies. The paper concisely reviews recent advances in EC (patho) physiology. Grasping EC physiology is crucial to gauge their potential clinical utility and optimize the current therapies as well as to establish novel nanotherapeutic molecular targets include; endothelial receptors, cell adhesion molecules, integrins, signaling pathways, enzymes; peptidases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.305-314
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• 2018

This study was designed to understand the patho-physioloigcal mechanism of effects of Bojungikitangchunbang on Allergic Rhinitis. The mechanism was examined in three parts of concept of allergic rhinitis, composition of prescription, and concept of ascending and descending principle. And the relationship between the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity during respiration was also explored. The mechanism of Bojungikgitangchunbang on rhinitis treatment was systematically analyzed from the pathophysiological perspectives, and it was found to treat nose, spleen and lungs related to the ascending and descending principle. The water-dampness and edema causing allergic rhinitis are formed by disturbed ascending and descending mechanism when the Junggi goes down. The Bojungikgitangchunbang eliminates water-dampness and edema by ascending the troubled Junggi.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.410-413
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• 2006

This study was done to investigate the protective effects of Iljungbogan-Tang on acute hepatotoxicity of rats induced by $CCL_4$ and acetaminophen. The subject animals were divided into 3 groups : control group(administrated 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose), sample group(30, 100, 300, 600mg/kg administrated), positive control group (administrated silymarine), Acute hepatotoxicity of rats were induced by $CCL_4$ and acetaminophen, and the serum transaminase(AST, ALT) were measured for enzyme activities. The inhibitory effects on the serum AST activities were noted in sample group(100, 300, 600mg/kg administrated) on hepatotoxicity of rats induced by $CCL_4$. The inhibitory effects on the serum AST, ALT activities were noted in sample group(30mg/kg administrated) on hepatotoxicity of rats induced by acetaminophen. The inhibitory effects on the serum AST activities were noted in sample group(600mg/kg single dose administrated) on hepatotoxicity of rats induced by acetaminophen. It is considered that Iljungbogan-Tang has protective effects against hepatotoxicity in rats induced by $CCL_4$ and acetaminophen. So it is required to study about the actions of mutual relation of medicines and patho-mechanism through experiment.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2010

Chicken is an important livestock as a valuable biomedical model as well as food for human, and there is a strong rationale for improving our understanding on metabolism and physiology of this organism. The first draft of chicken genome assembly was released in 2004, which enables elaboration on the linkage between genetic and metabolic traits of chicken. The objectives of this study were thus to reconstruct metabolic pathway of the chicken genome and to construct a chicken specific pathway genome database (PGDB). We developed a comprehensive genome database for chicken by integrating all the known annotations for chicken genes and proteins using a pipeline written in Perl. Based on the comprehensive genome annotations, metabolic pathways of the chicken genome were reconstructed using the PathoLogic algorithm in Pathway Tools software. We identified a total of 212 metabolic pathways, 2,709 enzymes, 71 transporters, 1,698 enzymatic reactions, 8 transport reactions, and 1,360 compounds in the current chicken genome build, Gallus_gallus-2.1. Comparative metabolic analysis with the human, mouse and cattle genomes revealed that core metabolic pathways are highly conserved in the chicken genome. It was indicated the quality of assembly and annotations of the chicken genome need to be improved and more researches are required for improving our understanding on function of genes and metabolic pathways of avian species. We conclude that the chicken PGDB is useful for studies on avian and chicken metabolism and provides a platform for comparative genomic and metabolic analysis of animal biology and biomedicine.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2001

This study was performed to elucidate the patho-physiology of copper-poisoned rats after consecutive oral administrations of the copper sulfate. The changes in feed and water intake, gains of body weight, blood pictures and mineral compositions of several organs were observed to measure the effects of copper poisoning. 1. Compared with control group, every experimental group of which 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 ppm/kg of copper sulfate was administered displayed a gradual decrease in feed intake in dose-dependent manners. 2. After 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 ppm/kg of copper sulfate administration, water intake seemed to decrease in every experimental group in dose-dependent manners, but there was little statistical significance. 3. After 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 ppm/kg of copper sulfate administration, body weight decreased in every experimental group in dose-dependent manners. 4. After 1000, 2,000 or 4,000 ppm/kg of copper sulfate administration, the PLT values and numbers of RBC and WBC significantly increased after copper sulfate administration, but the values of Hb and PCV were lower than those of control group's. 5. After 2,000 or 4,000 ppm/kg of copper sulfate administration, the levels of Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb and Zn in the liver were lowered, but the levels of Mn, Fe, Pb and Zn in the kidneys increased except Cu levels.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2001

This study was performed to elucidate the patho-physiology of lead acetate-poisoned rats after consecutive oral administrations of the lead. The changes in feed and water intake, gains of body weight, blood pictures and mineral compositions of several organs were observed to measure the effects of lead acetate-poisoning. 1. Compared with control group, every experimental group of which 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 ppm/kg of lead acetate was administered displayed a gradual decrease in feed intake in dose-dependent manners. 2. After 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 ppm/kg of lead acetate administration, water intake seemed to decrease in every experimental group in dose-dependent manners. 3. After 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 ppm/kg of lead acetate administration, body weight decreased in every experimental group in dose-dependent manners. 4. After 1000, 2,000 or 4,000 ppm/kg of lead acetate administration, the PLT values and numbers of RBC and WBC significantly increased after lead acetate administration, but the values of Hb and PCV were lower than those of control group's. 5. After 2,000 or 4,000 ppm/kg of lead acetate administration, the levels of Pb, Mn, Fe, Pb and Zn in the livers were lowered, but the levels of Pb, Mn, Fe, Pb and Zn in the kidneys.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 1973

During the last decade extensive studios on catecholamines have evolved new knowledge in the physiology and biochemistry of adrenergic mechanism. Cardiac muscle, receiving adrenergic fibres from the stellate, cervical and thoracic ganglia, has been repeatedly shown to have a specific capacity to uptake and to store catecholamines. The catecholamine stores in cardiac muscle have also been shown to be important sites for the action of numerous drugs. Under normal condition, a certain level of catecholamines is maintained in the stores and serves as the basis for studying the changes in the catecholamine content of the heart. Because myocardial catecholamines play such important role in the patho-physiology of the heart, it would be interesting to compare the normal level of myocardial catecholamines among various species of animals. An occasional study has dealt with myocardial catecholamines of several species add ages of animals but these have been insufficiently comprehensive to afford a basis for an understanding of the importance of these amines as related to species and ages. The present investigation was undertaken to determine whether or not there is any significance of myocardial catecholamines in the course of the evolution and development of animals. Seasonal changes, sex difference and regional and subcellular distribution of myocardial catecholamines were also examined. The concentration of cardiac catecholamines was determined by the spectrophotofluorometric procedure described by Shore and Olin. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. As animals phylogenetically progressed larger amounts of catecholamines were resent in their hearts. A negligibly small amount of catecholamine was present in the hearts of the clam, a non-vertebrate. Among the vertebrates, cold-blooded animals (snake, turtle, frog, eel and fish) had less myocardial catecholamines than warm-blooded animals, of which aves (fowl and duck) had less than mammalia (cat, dog, rabbit, rat, cow and pig). The ratio of norepinephrine to epinephrine also was greater as the animals progress phylogenetically. 2. Examination of the regional distribution of cardiac catecholamines in warm-blooded animals showed that the content of the auricle was generally higher than that of the septum and considerably than that of the ventricle, but the differences of contents among these regions were not so marked. 3. In the embryonic chick, cardiac catecholamines were firstly detected on the 4th day of incubation, the time before the cardiac innervation of sympathetic nerves. The concentrations of these catecholamines increased but not markedly on the 6th day of incubation, soon after the innervation of sympathetic nerves to the heart. The level of the cardiac catecholamines fluctuated throughout the remainder of embryonic development. 4. In newborn rat hearts, a considerable amount of catecholamines was present. With the development of the rats, the concentrations of myocardial catecholamines increased. The ratio of epinephrine and norepinephrine fluctuated within the range of 40 to 60 pervent. However, as development progressed, the percentage of norepinephrine continued to rise, attaining the adult value of $80{\sim}90%$ after $45{\sim}60$ days. In contrast, the total amount of epinephrine remained fairly constant throughout the animal's development. 5. No significant sexual differences were observed in the concentration of myocardial catecholamines in the developing rat. 6. The catecholamines in the rabbit hearts increased during the summer season (from May to August) and maintained a fairly constant level in the other seasons of the year. 7. The subcellular distribution of cardiac catecholamines was examined by differential centrifugation of homogenates of cardiac muscles in rabbits, cats and rats. The catecholamines were found to be present approximately 20% in particles of mitochondrial fraction, 45% in particles of microsomal fraction and 35% in soluble supernatant fraction. The particle containing catecholamines in cardiac muscle appears to be two different sizes.