• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.275-282
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• 1996

This experiment was canied out to investigate the effect of pasture types(mixture and mono tall fescue pasture) and endophyte infection on the dry matter yield, forage quality and animal performance of pasture plants at the Experimental Field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, Suweon, in 1994. The results obtained are surmmarized as follows : DM yield of tall fescue monoculture was significantly higher(p<0.05) than that of mixture pasture, while DM yield of endophyte-infected pasture was significantly higher(p<0.05) than that of endophyte-free for two pasture types. Crude protein yield(CPY) of tall fescue monoculture was significantly higher(p<0.05) than that of mixture, and the higher CPY with endophyte-infect tall fescue for both pasture types resulted from higher DM yield of the pastures. NDF and ADF contents of pasture plants were not influenced by pasture types, and there was no difference for NDF and ADF contents between endophyte-infect and -free pasture mixture, however, those of pasture plants were increased with endophyte-infect tall fescue in monoculture. IVDMD of pasture plants was increased with mixture and endophyte-free tall fescue for both pasture types. IVDMD of pasture plants was greatly influenced by pasture types and endophyte infection. There were no significant differences in average daily gain of Korean native cattle between pasture types, but those of the cattle were significantly increased with endophyte-free tall fescue for both pasture types(p<0.05). Based on the results of this experiment, it is suggested that a slightly more forage yield could be obtained , from monoculture and endophyte-infected tall fescue. However, liveweight gain was increased by mixture and endophyte-free tall fescue with good quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.245-250
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• 1991

Analysis of the characteristics and the grouping of the species of sown and weeds in artificial pastures was studied applying the principal component analysis method. Presency and coverage of six sown species and fifteen weed species which occurred in pastures of under-grazing and optimumgrazing were subject to analysis. From field survey, species were divided into three groups: the group A included five species such as Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne and Dactylis glomerata, etc., the group B included eleven species such as Polygonum longisetum, Agrostis alba and Rumex obtusifolius, etc., and the group C included five species such as Miscanthus sinensis, Rubus palmatus and Artemisia princeps, etc. The group A species corresponded to good pasture conditions and management. On the contrary, the group C species occurred in poor pasture conditions with inadequate management. The group B species corresponded to intermediate pasture conditions and management. Interrelated pair species co-existing and species non-co-existing were discovered. Factor loading as negative for the group A species. positive for the group C species and positive but lower than the group C species for the group B species. From these results it is concluded that the principal component analysis seems to one of the useful tools for the analysis of characteristics of species and the diagnosis of sown pasture vegetation, although further studies are required to get more general information about species characteristics.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.147-151
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• 1988

The preference, chemical composition, intake, digestibility and chewing efficiency of collected herbage sample from sheep using esophageal fistula and fecal collection method were compared to those of offered herbage samples on the native and improved pastures at the 3rd flush stage(25 cm grass height). Experimental field was treated by one plot design and the begining of September 1987, at Chungnam National University, Daejon. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Preference indices were not different among herbage species on improved pasture, while those on in native pasture were markedly different and this difference seemed to depend on diet selection. 2. Chemical compositions of collected herbage samples were different from those of offered herbage samples. Crude protein content was significantly high on native pasture, but NDF, cellulose and lignin content were significantly low on improved pasture (p < 0.01). 3. DM intake, digestibility and herbage utilization percent on improved pasture were significantly higher than those on native pasture (P < 0.01). 4. Eating rate, ruminating and chewing efficiency were influenced by the amounts of NDF intake. Therefore, eating rate, ruminating and chewing efficiency on improved pasture tended to be higher than those on native pasture (p <0.01).

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 1998

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of mechanical and chemical drying agents at mowing on the field drying rate and hay quality of orchardgrass dominant pasture plants. The mower conditioner /chemical drying agent ($K_2CO_3$ 2% conditioning, $K_2CO_3$ 2% + conditioning and control) were treated at different harvest stages (late boot, heading and bloom stage) for hastening hay manufacture in 1996. After field dry, four square bales were made by hay baler, and the visual estimation and nutritive value of hay were evaluated after storing two months. The field drying rate of pasture plants was higher with delayed stage of harvest, and mechanical and mechanical + chemical, but chemical alone was very low. In mower conditioning, the duration of field dry was shortened by 0.5 to 1 day compared with $K_2CO_3$ and 1.5 to 2 days compared with control. The dry matter loss of hay was reduced by late harvest and mechanical, and mechanical + chemical, but the score by chemical alone was very low. The visual score (leafiness, green color, odor and softness) of hay after storage was high in mechanical and mechanical + chemical, but the score by chemical alone was very low. Nutritive value (ADF, NDF, digestibility, and relative feed value) of hay was also high with treatment of mechanical and mechanical + chemical, but the quality by chemical alone was similar compared with control. The quality of hay was very low when harvested at bloom stage. In conclusion, mower conditioning can enhance the field drying rate of orchardgrass dominant pasture plants, however the drying efficiency of chemical drying agent was very low. Harvesting at early heading to heading stage was recommened for manufacture of high quality hay.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2003

This research compared the observed and model predicted results that include; runoff, sediment yield, and nutrient losses from a 2.71 ha cattle grazing pasture field in North Alabama. Application of water quality computer simulation models can inexpensively and quickly assess the impact of pasture management practices on water quality. AGNPS single storm based model was applied to the three pasture species; Bermudagrass, fescue, and Ryegrass. While comparing model predicted results with observed data, it showed that model can reasonably predict the runoff, sediment yield and nutrient losses from the watershed. Over-prediction and under-prediction by the model occurred during very high and low rainfall events, respectively. The study concluded that AGNPS model can be reasonably applied to assess the impacts of pasture management practices and chicken litter application on water quality.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2015

Improving current pasture productivity by precision management requires practical tools to collect site specific pasture biomass data. Recent developments in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology provide cost effective and real time applications for site specific data collection. For the mapping of herbage biomass (BM) on a hill pasture, we tested a UAV system with digital cameras (visible and near-infrared (NIR) camera). The field measurements were conducted on the grazing hill pasture at Hanwoo Improvement Office, Seosan City, Chungcheongnam-do Province, Korea on May 17 and June 27, 2014. Plant samples were obtained from 28 sites. A UAV system was used to obtain aerial photos from a height of approximately 50 m (approximately 30 cm spatial resolution). Normalized digital number (DN) values of Red and NIR channels were extracted from the aerial photos and a normalized differential vegetation index using DN ($NDVI_{dn}$) was calculated. The results show that the correlation coefficient between BM and $NDVI_{dn}$ was 0.88. For the precision management of hilly grazing pastures, UAV monitoring systems can be a quick and cost effective tool to obtain site-specific herbage BM data.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제37권E호
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• pp.63-71
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• 1995

Three types of land use were investigated to describe the effect of land use on both surface and ground water quality. Typical land uses of a grazing pasture, Sudan grass field and paddy in Kangwon province were selected and flumes and monitoring wells were installed. Land managements were carefully monitored, water samples were collected periodically and analyzed with respect to nitrate, TP and TKN at a laboratory of Kangwon Provincial Institute of Health and Environment from August, 1993 to May, 1994. Runoff from the pasture was formed mostly with seeping subsurface flow in the lower areas of the pasture. A few overland flows were observed during heavy storms, and when it occurred, runoff increased sharply. For the Sudan grass field, runoff was formed with overland flow. Nitrate concentration in runoff from both land uses seemed not affected by runoff and ranged from 0.241 to 4.137mg'/1. TP and TKN concentrations from the pasture were affected by overland flow. When overland flow occurred, TP and TKN concentrations abruptly increased to 5.726 and 12.841mg/1, respectively, from less than 1.0mg/l. However, these concentrations from the Sudan grass field were quite stable ranging from 0.191 to 0.674mg/l for TP and 0A70 and 1.650mg/l for TKN. Nitrate concentration was significantly affected by land use(Sudan grass field) and the concentration increase reached about 2mg/l per lOOm ground water flow. Nitrate concentration from a well located in the middle of rice fields also was significantly higher than that measured from a well located relatively undisturbed mountain toe area. TP and TKN concentrations in shallow ground water affected by the depth of the monitoring wells. The deeper the monitoring wells, the less TP and TKN concentrations were measured.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.28-28
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• 1991

1 1985년 4월부터 10월까지 수원 축산시험장 목초지에서 목초지의 환경요인에 따른 굼벵이의 종류 및 발생량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 목초지의 환경요인에 따른 굼벵이의 발생종규는 비슷하였으나 발생량에는 차이가 있었다. 1. 토성에 따라서는 식양토에서 고려노랑풍뎅이, 우찌다콩풍뎅이, 큰검정풍뎅이, 참검정풍뎅이 등이, 사양토에서는 애풍뎅이와 다색줄풍뎅이가 많이 발생 하였다. 2 목초에 따라서는 조사된 모든 종의 굼벵이가 화본과에서 월등히 많은 발생량을 보였는데 우찌다 콩풍뎅이만은 두과에서 발생량이 월등히 많았다. 3 목초지 활성연도에 따라서는 조사된 모든 종이 3년에서부터 발생량이 증가하여 5년에서 가장 많은 발생량을 보였다. 4 목초지 관리(이용) 방법에 따라서는 조사된 모든 종의 굼벵이가 채초지에서 발생량이 많았다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 1991

1 1985년 4월부터 10월까지 수원 축산시험장 목초지에서 목초지의 환경요인에 따른 굼벵이의 종류 및 발생량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 목초지의 환경요인에 따른 굼벵이의 발생종규는 비슷하였으나 발생량에는 차이가 있었다. 1. 토성에 따라서는 식양토에서 고려노랑풍뎅이, 우찌다콩풍뎅이, 큰검정풍뎅이, 참검정풍뎅이 등이, 사양토에서는 애풍뎅이와 다색줄풍뎅이가 많이 발생 하였다. 2 목초에 따라서는 조사된 모든 종의 굼벵이가 화본과에서 월등히 많은 발생량을 보였는데 우찌다 콩풍뎅이만은 두과에서 발생량이 월등히 많았다. 3 목초지 활성연도에 따라서는 조사된 모든 종이 3년에서부터 발생량이 증가하여 5년에서 가장 많은 발생량을 보였다. 4 목초지 관리(이용) 방법에 따라서는 조사된 모든 종의 굼벵이가 채초지에서 발생량이 많았다.

• 물과 미래
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.175-186
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• 1995

강원도의 대표적인 토지이용 방법인 방목지와 초지의 유출수 및 지하수의 수질 특성을 구명하기 위한 연구이다. 강원대학교 농장과 목장에 시험유역을 설치하고 Flume과 지하수 관측정을 이용하여 1993년 8월부터 1994년 8월까지 수질을 관측하였다. 수질관측 항목은 NO3-N, TP 및 TKN 이었다. 조립질 토양인 방목지의 유출은 대부분 지하수를 통하여 배출되었으며 호우시만 지표면 유출이 발생하였고 유출량은 급격히 증가하였다. 유출수의 $NO_3$-NO 농도는 0.241~3.962mg/l로 비교적 안정되어 있었다. 평시 유출수의 TP와 TKN 농도는 안정되어 있었으나 호우시는 급격히 증가하였다. 지하수의 $NO_3$-N 농도는 관측정의 깊이에 관계없이 비교적 일정하였으나 TP와 TKN 농도는 깊은 관측정에서 농도가 작았다. 평지에 조성되고 Sudan Grass로 잘 피복된 초지유출수의 수질은 유출량에 관계없이 비교적 일정하였다. 초지 지하수의 $NO_3$-N 농도는 상류에서 하류로 흐를수록 2.2mg/l 정도 증가하였다. 상류부와 하류부의 TP와 TKN 농도는 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다.