• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.676-682
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• 2019

After the Fukushima Daiichi accident, there has been an increasing preference for passive safety features in the nuclear power industry. Some passive safety systems require limited active components to trigger subsequent passive operation. Under very serious accident conditions, passive safety features could be rendered inoperable or damaged. This study evaluates (i) the performance and effectiveness of the passive safety features of iPOWER (innovative Power Reactor), and (ii) whether a severe accident condition could be reached if the passive safety systems are damaged, namely the case of heat exchanger tube rupture. Analysis results show that the reactor coolant system remains in the hot shutdown condition without operator actions or electricity for over 72 h when the passive auxiliary feedwater systems (PAFSs) are operable without damage. However, heat exchanger tube rupture in the PAFS leads to core damage after about 18 h. Such results demonstrate that, to enhance the safety of iPOWER, maintaining the integrity of the PAFS is critical, and therefore additional protections for PAFS are necessary. To improve the reliability of iPOWER, additional battery sets are necessary for the passive safety systems using limited active components for accident mitigation under such extreme circumstances.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.289-297
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• 2004

This paper deals with the design and control of passive multiple trailer systems for practical applications. Due to the cost and complexity of the trailer mechanism, passive systems are preferred to active systems in this research. The design and control objective is to minimize the trajectory tracking errors occurring in passive multiple trailers. Three sorts of passive trailer systems, off-hooked, direct-hooked, and three-point, are discussed in this paper. Trajectory tracking performance and stability issues under constant curvature reference trajectories are investigated for these three types. As well, various simulations and experiments have been performed for each type. It is shown that the proposed off-hooked trailer system produces a tracking performance that is superior to the others.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2002

We consider a class of large-scale interconnected time delay systems and investigate a decentralized robust passive control problem. sufficient conditions for unforced interconnected uncertain systems with time delay to be robustly stable with extended strictly passivity is given in terms of algebraic Riccati inequality and linear matrix inequality. The decentralized robust passive control problem for norm-bounded and positive real uncertainty is shown to be converted to extended strictly positive real control problem for a modified system which contains neither time delay nor uncertainty.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1831-1839
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• 2003

This paper deals with design and control of passive multiple trailer systems fer practical applications. Due to cost and complexity of trailer mechanism, passive systems are preferred to active systems in this research. The control objective is to minimize trajectory tracking errors of passive multiple trailers. Three types of passive trailer systems-direct-hooked, three-point, and off-hooked- are discussed in this paper. Trajectory tracking performance and stability issues under constant velocity motion are carried out for three types. Various simulations and experiments have been also performed for these three types. It is shown that the proposed off-hooked trailer system produces better tracking performance than the other types.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.2915-2923
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• 2022

There is an increasing interest in passive safety systems to minimize the need for operator intervention or external power sources in nuclear power plants. Because a passive system has a weak driving force, there is greater uncertainty in the performance compared with an active system. In previous studies, several methods have been suggested to evaluate passive system reliability, and many of them estimated the failure probability using thermal-hydraulic analyses and the Monte Carlo method. However, if the functional failure of a passive system is rare, it is difficult to estimate the failure probability using conventional methods owing to their high computational time. In this paper, a procedure for the application of the Chernoff bound to the evaluation of passive system reliability is proposed. A feasibility study of the procedure was conducted on a passive decay heat removal system of a micro modular reactor in its conceptual design phase, and it was demonstrated that the passive system reliability can be evaluated without performing a large number of thermal-hydraulic analyses or Monte Carlo simulations when the system has a small failure probability. Accordingly, the advantages and constraints of applying the Chernoff bound for passive system reliability evaluation are discussed in this paper.

• Solar Energy
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 1985

The study aims at providing the methodology for planning and designing of passive solar systems. The computer softwares for the optimization of passive solar systems and insulation level of passive solar houses are developed. The computer software package was generated for various residential buildings under Korean weather condition.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.172.5-172
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• 2001

Target Motion Analysis(TMA) for Passive Sonar Systems with bearing-only measurements needs to enhance system observability to improve target tracking performance by ownship maneuvering. However, tracking problem incurred by weak observaility result in slow convergence of the target estimates. On the other hand, active sonar systems do not have problem associated with system observaility. However, it drawback related to system survivability. In this paper, the algorithm that could be used in Active/passive Mixed-Mode Sonar Systems is proposed to analyze maneuvering target motion and to improve TMA performance. The proposed TMA algorithm is tested by a series of computer simulation runs and the results ...

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.563-576
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• 2015

Over the past few decades, seismic retrofitting of structural systems has been significantly improved by the adoption of various methods such as FRP composite wraps, base isolation systems, and passive/active damper control systems. In parallel with this trend, probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) for structural and nonstructural components has become necessary for risk mitigation and the achievement of reliable designs in performance-based earthquake engineering. The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect on piping fragility at T-joints due to seismic retrofitting of structural systems with passive energy-dissipation devices (i.e., linear viscous dampers). Three mid-rise building types were considered: without any seismic retrofitting; with distributed damper systems; with optimal placement of dampers. The results showed that the probability of piping system failure was considerably reduced in a Multi Degree of Freedom (MDOF) building retrofitted with optimal passive damper systems at lower floor levels. This effect of damper systems on piping fragility became insignificant as the floor level increased.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.238-246
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• 2004

In displaying a virtual wall using a passive haptic device equipped with passive actuators such as electric brakes, unsmooth motion frequently occurs. This undesirable behavior is attributed to time delay due to slowness in the virtual environment update and force approximation due to the inability of a brake to generate torque in arbitrary directions. In this paper a new control scheme called direct control is proposed to achieve smooth display on the wall-following task with a passive haptic device. In direct control, brakes are controlled so that the normal component of a resultant force at the end-effector vanishes, based on the force analysis at the end-effector of the passive haptic device using the passive FME (Force Manipulability Ellipsoid). Various experiments have been conducted to verify the validity of the direct control scheme with a 2-link passive haptic system.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.256-260
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• 2001

This paper presents boost and buck and buck-boost DC-DC converter circuit topologies of high-frequency soft switching transition PWM chopper type DC-DC high power converters with a single auxiliary passive resonant snubber. In the proposed boost power converter circuits operating under a principle of ZCS turn-on and ZVS turn-off commutation schemes, the capacitor and inductor in the auxiliary passive resonant circuit works as the loss less resonant snubber. In addition to this, the switching voltage and current peak stresses as well as EMI and RFI noises can be basically reduced by this single passive resonant snubber. Moreover, it is proved that converter circuit topologies with a passive resonant snubber are capable of solving some problems of the conventional hard switching PWM processing based on high-ferquency pulse modulation operation principle. The simulation results of this converter are discussed as compared with the experimental ones. The effectiveness of this power converter with a single passive resonant snubber is verified by the 5kW experimental breadboad set up.