• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.62-73
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• 2000

In this paper, we propose a criteria which can be applied to classify conventional color feature based Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) methods with its application areas, and a new image retrieval method which can represent sufficient spatial information in the image and is powerful in invariant searching to translation, rotation and enlargement transform. As the conventional color feature based CBIR methods can not sufficiently include the spatial information in the image, in general, they have drawbacks, which are weak to the translation or rotation, enlargement transform. To solve it, they have represented the spatial information by partitioning the image. Retrieval efficiency, however, is decreased rapidly as increasing the number of the feature vectors. We classify conventional methods to ones using 1st order relations and ones using 2nd order relations as their color object relation, and propose a new method using 3rd order relation of color objects which is good for the translation, rotation and enlargement transform. It makes quantized 24 buckets and selects 3 high scored histogram buckets and calculates 3 mean positions of pixels in 3 buckets and 3 angles. Then, it uses them as feature vectors of a given image. Experiments show that the proposed method is especially good at enlarged images and effective for its small calculation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 2007

This paper presents an efficient input variable selection method using both principal component analysis(PCA) and adaptive partition mutual information(AP-MI) estimation. PCA which is based on 2nd order statistics, is applied to prevent a overestimation by quickly removing the dependence between input variables. AP-MI estimation is also applied to estimate an accurate dependence information by equally partitioning the samples of input variable for calculating the probability density function. The proposed method has been applied to 2 problems for selecting the input variables, which are the 7 artificial signals of 500 samples and the 24 environmental pollution signals of 55 samples, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed methods has a fast and accurate selection performance. The proposed method has also respectively better performance than AP-MI estimation without the PCA and regular partition MI estimation.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.446-457
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• 2017

In order to reduce the size of frame memory or bus bandwidth, frame memory compression (FMC) recompresses reconstructed or reference frames of video codecs. This paper proposes a novel FMC design based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) - set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT), which supports fine-scalable throughput and is area-efficient. In the proposed design, multi-cores with small block sizes are used in parallel instead of a single core with a large block size. In addition, an appropriate pipelining schedule is proposed. Compared to the previous design, the proposed design achieves the processing speed which is closer to the target system speed, and therefore it is more efficient in hardware utilization. In addition, a scheme in which two passes of SPIHT are merged into one pass called merged refinement pass (MRP) is proposed. As the number of shifters decreases and the bit-width of remained shifters is reduced, the size of SPIHT hardware significantly decreases. The proposed FMC encoder and decoder designs achieve the throughputs of 4,448 and 4,000 Mpixels/s, respectively, and their gate counts are 76.5K and 107.8K. When the proposed design is applied to high efficiency video codec (HEVC), it achieves 1.96% lower average BDBR and 0.05 dB higher average BDPSNR than the previous FMC design.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.16-25
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• 2019

Anthropogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed by the incomplete combustion of fuels and industrial waste. PAHs can be widely exposed to the environment (water, soil and groundwater). PAHs are potentially toxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic. Fundamental studies such as biota uptake (e.g., earthworm and plant) of PAHs are highly needed. It is necessary to develop alternative ways to evaluate bioavailability of PAHs instead of using living organisms because it is time-consuming, difficult to apply in the field, and also exaction method is tedious and time-consuming. In this study, sorption behaviors of phenanthrene were evaluated to predict the fate of PAHs in soils. Moreover, bioaccumulation of PAHs in an artificially contaminated soil was evaluated using pea plant (Pisum sativum) as a bioindicator. A novel passive sampler, organic-diffusive gradient in thin-film (o-DGT) for PAHs was newly synthesized, tested as a biomimic surrogate and compared with plant accumulation. Sorption partitioning coefficient (K_P) and sorption capacity (K_F) were in the order of natural soil > loess corresponding to the increase in organic carbon content (f_oc). Biota-to-soil accumulation factor (BSAF) and DGT-to-soil accumulation factor (DSAF) were evaluated. o-DGT uptake was linearly correlated with pea plant uptake of phenanthrene in contaminated soil (R²=0.863). The Tenax TA based o-DGT as a biomimic surrogate can be used for the prediction of pea plant uptake of phenanthrene in contaminated soil.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.95.2-96
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• 2003

In order to develop a new microbial fungicide for the control of vegetable diseases using endophytic bacteria, a total of 260 bacterial strains were isolated from fresh tissues of 5 plant species. After they were cultured in broth media, their antifungal activities were screened by in vivo bioassays against Botrytis cinerea(tomato gray mold), Pythium ultimum(cucumber damping-off), Phytopkhora infestans(tomato late blight), Colletotrichum orbiculare(cucumber anthracnose), and Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei(barley powdery mildew). As the results of screening, 38 bacterial strains showed potent antifungal activities against at least one of 5 plant pathogens. A bacterial strain EB072 displayed potent disease control activities against 3 plant diseases. Among the bacterial strains with a potent antifungal activity against cucunlber anthracnose, three bacterial strains, EB054, EB151 and EB215, also displayed a potent in vitro antifungal activity against C. acutatum, a fungal agent causing pepper anthracnose. A bacterial strain EB215 obtained from roots of cucumber was identified as Burkholderia cepacia based on its physiological and biochemical characteristics and 165 rRNA gene sequence. An antifungal substance was isolated from the liquid cultures of B. cepacia EB215 strain by ethyl acetate partitioning, repeated silica gel column chromatography, and invitro bioassay, Its structural determination is in progress by various instrumental analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.416-426
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• 2003

In this paper we propose a new method for choosing the initial values of Expectation-Maximization(EM) algorithm that has been used in various applications for clustering. Conventionally, the initial values were chosen randomly, which sometimes yields undesired local convergence. Later, K-means clustering method was employed to choose better initial values, which is currently widely used. However the method using K-means still has the same problem of converging to local points. In order to resolve this problem, a new method of initializing values for the EM process. The proposed method not only strengthens the characteristics of EM such that the number of iteration is reduced in great amount but also removes the possibility of falling into local convergence.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.685-691
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• 2008

The selection of classification boundaries in fuzzy rule- based classification systems is an important and difficult problem. So various methods based on learning processes such as neural network, genetic algorithm, and so on have been proposed for it. In a previous study, we pointed out the limitation of the methods and discussed a method for fuzzy partitioning in the overlapped region on feature space in order to overcome the time-consuming when the additional parameters for tuning fuzzy membership functions are necessary. In this paper, we propose a method to determine three types of classification boundaries(i.e., non-overlapping, overlapping, and a boundary point) on the basis of statistical information of the given dataset without learning by extending the method described in the study. Finally, we show the effectiveness of the proposed method through experimental results applied to pattern classification problems using the modified IRIS and standard IRIS datasets.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.617-632
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• 2009

In this paper we propose a technique of implementing the reconfigurable network protocol stack that allows for partitioning network protocol functions into software and hardware tasks on a SoC (System on Chip) platform. Additionally, we present a method that guarantees the deadline of both an individual task and messages exchanging among tasks in order to meet the deadline of real-time multimedia and networking services. The proposed real-time message exchange method guarantees the deadline of messages generated by multimedia services that are required to meet the real-time properties of multimedia applications. After implementing the networking functions of TCP/IP protocol suite into hardware and software tasks, we verify and validate their performance on the SoC platform. Experimental results indicate that the proposed technique improves the performance of TCP/IP protocol suit as well as application service satisfaction in application-specific real-time.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.194-194
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• 2003

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, 1989) has classified whole diesel exhaust as probably carcinogenic to humans. Diesel exhaust particulate matter (DPM) adsorbs different chemical substances including PAHs and nitroarenes. DPM is emphasized because it is a major component of diesel exhaust, it is suspected of contributing to a health hazard. Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of carbon particles and associated organics and inorganics, and it is not known what fraction or combination of fractions cause the health effects [cancer effects, noncancer effects (respiratory tract irritation/inflammation and changes in lung function)] that have been observed with exposure to diesel exhaust. In order to identify which chemical classes are responsible for the majority of the observed biological activities, we performed a particular biological/chemical analysis. Respirable particulate matter (PM2.5: <2.5mm) was collected from diesel engine exhaust using a high-volume sampler equipped with a cascade impactor. Particulate oganic matter was extracted by the dichloromethane/sonication method and the crude extract was fractionated according to EPA recommended procedure into seven fractions by acid-base partitioning and silica gel column chromatography. We examined genotoxic potentials of diesel exhaust particulate matter using novel genotoxicity tests, which are rapid, simple and sensitive methods for assessing DNA-damage at the DNA and chromosomal level (comet assay, in vitro MN test and Ames test). Higher genotoxic potency was observed in non polar fractions and several PAHs were detected by GC-MS, such as 1,2,5,6 dibenzanthracene, chrysene, 1,2-benzanthracene, phenanthrene and fluoranthene.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.86-97
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• 2002

In this thesis, we propose a high-speed information network management mode based on layering and partitioning concepts of ITU-T G.805 We describe an information mood of the configuration of VP and VC networks and an information mode to manage faults in high-speed information networks. In order to efficient manage faults, us distinguish between an alarm with a fault that has negative effects on services and an alarm with an alert that barely affects services. Thus, we propose two types of computational models to treat all of these alarms, a fault alarm processing system and an alert alarm processing system. We also describe procedures of alarm processing and we describe the scope and processing course of NMS and SubNMS when rerouting a fault VP and VC fault connection. Lastly, we describe the implementation and analysis of the performance of the proposed fault alarm processing system. We compare the alarm processing tire of each priority according to the alarm occurrence ratio.