• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2005년도 추계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.168-170
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• 2005

Nickel base brazes containing boron and silicon as melting point depressants are used extensively in the joining and repair of hot-section components in next generation nuclear reactor and aero-engine. Therefore, the present study has investigated the preliminary applicability of nickel based alloying nano powders. Nano Ni-based alloying powders synthesized by Pulsed Wire Evaporation (PWE) method. It's powder morphology and phase transformation temperature were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimeter(DSC). The powder particle size was approximately 10${\sim}$100nm and exhibits a quite even equiaxed shape. The results of DSC measurement show that both the nano Inconel 625 nano powder and Inconel 718 nano powder presents similar liquidus temperatures approximately $1373^{\circ}C$ and $1380^{\circ}C$ respectively.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.359-365
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• 2021

A heavy particle accelerator is a device that accelerates particles using high energy and is used in various fields such as medical and industrial fields as well as research. However, secondary neutrons and particle fragments are generated by the high-energy particle beam, and among them, the neutrons do not have an electric charge and directly interact with the nucleus to cause radiation of the material. Quantitative evaluation of the radioactive material produced in this way is necessary, but there are many difficulties in actual measurement during or after operation. Therefore, this study compared and evaluated the generated radioactive material in the concrete shield for protons and carbon ions of specific energy by using the simulation code FLUKA. For the evaluation of each energy of proton beam and carbon ion, the reliability of the source term was secured within 2% of the relative error with the data of the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory(NSRL), which is an internationally standardized data. In the evaluation, carbon ions exhibited higher neutron flux than protons. Afterwards, in the evaluation of radioactive materials under actual operating conditions for disposal, a large amount of short-lived beta-decay nuclides occurred immediately after the operation was terminated, and in the case of protons with a high beam speed, more radioactive products were generated than carbon ions. At this time, radionuclides of ⁴⁴Sc, ³H and ²²Na were observed at a high rate. In addition, as the cooling time elapsed, the ratio of long-lived nuclides increased. For nonparticulate radionuclides, ³H, ²²Na, and for particulate radionuclides, ⁴⁴Ti, ⁵⁵Fe, ⁶⁰Co, ¹⁵²Eu, and ¹⁵⁴Eu nuclides showed a high ratio. In this study, it is judged that it is possible to use the particle accelerator as basic data for facility maintenance, repair and dismantling through the prediction of radioactive materials in concrete according to the cooling time after operation and termination of operation.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2001

Vehicles, especially diesel-using, are a major source of airborne particulate matter(PM), nitrogen dioxide($NO_2$) and so on in metropolitan cities such as Seoul. Therefore workers, who are mainly merchants, near roadside may be highly exposed to air pollutants from exhausted emissions of vehicles. This means that occupational type and location can affect the workers＇health by exposure to outdoor pollutions of ambient as well as indoor pollutions of working condition, respectively. In this study, we simultaneously measured the PM3.5 and $NO_2$concentrations in indoor and outdoor of shoes repair shops in Seoul, which were generally located at roadside in Korea. Shoes repairmen were highly exposed to PM3.5 and $NO_2$ both indoor and outdoor of repair shops comparing with other sub-population groups. High exposure to air pollutants for shoes repairmen was considered to be outdoor source from exhausted emission of vehicles and indoor source from working condition. The $PM3.5/NO_2$ concentration ratio was $1.17{\pm}$0.59 in roadside, of which ratio was higher 7han ratios of other studies. This result suggested that major air pollutant in Seoul was fine particle. Also, this PM3.5 to $NO_2$ ratio will be used in environmental exposure and risk assessment by estimation of PM3.5 concentration as measuring the only $NO_2$ concentration with small and accurate $NO_2$ passive sampler.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.127-138
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• 2006

In urban areas, diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are probably a major component of particulate matters, especially in Korea where drive many diesel vehicles. The aim of this study was to investigate genotoxic effects of DEP using single ceil gel electrophoresis. In order to evaluate the mechanisms of DEP genotoxicity, the rat microsome mediated and DNA repair enzyme treated comet assays together with conventional comet assay were performed. Total diesel particles (DEPT) was collected without site fractionation from diesel engine bus and dichloromethane extract was obtained. The organic extract of DEPT revealed DNA damage itself in NIH/3T3 cells. The level of DNA breaks plus oxidative DNA lesions and microsome mediated DNA damage was assessed by modified single cell gel eletrophoresis. DEPT was able to induce oxidative DNA damage as well as microsome mediated DNA damage. Vitamin C as an model antioxidant reduced DNA damage in endonuclase III treated comet assay. One of flavonoid, galangin as a CYP1A1 inhibitor. reduced DNA damage in the presence of S-9 mixture. $DEP_T$ is the sources of oxidative stress, but antioxidants can significantly reduce oxidative DNA dmage. And $DEP_T$ may contain indirect mutagens which can be inhibited by CYP1A1 inhibitors. The ethanol extracts of the mixed vegetables (BV) or the mixed fruits (BF) were evaluated for their in vitro antigenotoxic effects. BV and BF showed potent Inhibitory effects against DEPT induced DNA damage with oxidative DNA lesions and in the prescence of S-9 mixture. These results indicate that BV and BF could prevent cellular DNA damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and suppressing cytochrome P4501A1 in cell culture.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

Handmade hydrated lime has been used for preservation and repair of architectural heritage in Korea. However, the effect of the amount of water used for slaking quicklime on the physical and chemical properties of the hydrated lime, which is the result of the slaking process, has not been clearly understood. In this study, particle size distribution, chemical composition and crystalline phases of the hydrated lime are investigated by varying the amount of water used for the slaking. In addition, temperature history during the slaking process is examined. For this, various experiments, such as laser diffraction analysis, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and temperature recording using a thermocouple, were performed. When the quicklime came into contact with water, its temperature reached $100^{\circ}C$ within 10 min due to sudden exothermic reaction of calcium oxide, and this temperature was maintained for about 30 min. The water to lime ratio influenced the cooling rate during the slaking process; that is, the more water was used, the longer it took to reach an ambient temperature. The amount of water for the slaking did not have a noticeable effect on the contents of major components of the hydrated lime such as calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, but when slaked with more amount of water, average particle size of the lime tended to decrease. The experimental results in this study can be used as references for developing guidelines on the safety or appropriate amount of water in the lime slaking process.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.238-244
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• 2007

The electrophoretic deposition process of Ni nano-particles in organic suspension was employed for self-repairing of heat exchanger tubes. For this purpose, Ni nano-particles prepared by levitational gas condensation method were dispersed into the solution of ethanol with the addition of dispersant Hypermer KD2. For electrophoretic deposition of Ni nano-particles on the Ni alloy specimen, constant electric fields of 20 and 100 V $cm^{-1}$ were applied to the specimen in Ni-dispersed solution. It was found that as electrophoretic deposition proceeds, the size of the pit or crack remarkably decreased due to the agglomeration of Ni nano-particles at the pit or crack. This strongly suggests that the electrophoretic mobility of the charged particles is larger for the damaged part with a higher current value rather than outer surfaces with a lower current value.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2015

본 연구는 키토산 알지네이트 수화겔을 사용하여 제작된 연골세포의 3차원 구조를 유지하며 생물학적, 생리학적인 기능을 유지하는데 적합한 poly (L-Lactic-co-${\varepsilon}$-Caprolactone) (PLCL) 지지체의 효과에 대한 연구이다. 체내에서 수화겔은 단독으로 지지체 역할을 하기에는 부하를 견디기에 약하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 연골세포와 유사한 세포, 세포외 기질의 3차원적 구성을 만들기 위해 PLCL 지지체와 수화겔을 사용하여 합성 지지체를 제작하였다. 염화나트륨을 사용한 입자 침출 기법으로 85%의 다공성, $300-500{\mu}m$ 크기의 구멍을 가진 탄성력 높은 지지체를 제작하였다. 소의 연골세포와 키토산 알지네이트 겔 혼합물이 PLCL 지지체에 적용되었고 대조군의 알지네이트와 비교 연구하였다. 키토산 알지네이트 수화겔과 연골세포가 혼합된 경우에 알지네이트 단독 사용에 비해 세포 성숙, 증식, 세포외 기질의 합성, sGAG 생성과 II 형 콜라겐의 발현 등의 효과가 좋은 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 PLCL 지지체에 연골세포와 키토산 알지네이트 겔 혼합물을 적용할 경우 세포 증식과 기질의 합성에 적합한 환경을 만들 수 있으며 연골의 복구와 재생에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2020

When domestic sewage and rainwater runoff are discharged into a single sewer pipe, it is called a "combined sewer system." The sewage design standards in Korea specify the flow velocity based only on the volume of rainfall; therefore, sedimentation occurs on non-rainy days owing to the reduced flow rate and velocity. This sedimentation reduces the discharge capacity, causes unpleasant odors, and exacerbates the problem of combined sewer overflow concentration. To address this problem, the amount of sewage on non-rainy days, not just the volume of rainfall, should also be considered. There are various theories on sedimentation in sewer movement. This study introduces a self-cleansing velocity based on tractive force theory. By applying a self-cleansing velocity equivalent to the critical shear stress of a sand particle, sedimentation can be reduced on non-rainy days. The amount of sewage changes according to the water use pattern of citizens. The design hourly maximum wastewater flow was considered as a representative value, and the velocity of this flow should be more than the self-cleansing velocity. This design method requires a steeper gradient than existing design criteria. Therefore, the existing sewer pipelines need to be improved and repaired accordingly. In this study, five types of improvement and repair methods that can maximize the use of existing pipelines and minimize the depth of excavation are proposed. The key technologies utilized are trenchless sewer rehabilitation and complex cross-section pipes. Trenchless sewer rehabilitation is a popular sewage repair method. However, it is complex because the cross-section pipes do not have a universal design and require continuous research and development. In an old metropolis with a combined sewer system, it is difficult to carry out excavation work; hence, the methods presented in this study may be useful in the future.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2015

본 연구는 폴리머 기반 보수모르타르에 미분쇄된 플라이애시 치환율의 영향을 평가하였다. 주요변수는 양생온도와 미분쇄된 플라이애시의 치환율이다. 양생온도는 $40^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$ 및 $5^{\circ}C$로, 미분쇄된 플라이애시 치환율은 결합재 대비 0~35%로 변화하였다. 굳지 않은 모르타르에서는 플로우를, 굳은 모르타르에서는 재령별 압축강도, 응력-변형률 관계 및 탄성계수, 파괴계수를 측정하고, 주사전자현미경 및 엑스선회절기 분석을 수행하였다. 실험결과 보수모르타르의 플로우, 탄성계수 및 파괴계수는 미분쇄된 플라이애시 치환율 20~30%에서 가장 높은 성능을 발휘하였다. 또한 재령별 압축강도는 미분쇄된 플라이애시 치환율과 양생온도에 현저한 영향을 받았는데, 미분쇄된 플라이애시 치환율 20%에서 초기강도 발현율이 가장 높았다. ACI 209에서 제시하고 있는 콘크리트 재령별 압축강도예측모델에서 초기 및 장기재령 강도발현 계수는 미분쇄된 플라이애시 치환율과 양생온도의 함수로 일반화할 수 있었다. 미분쇄된 플라이애시가 첨가된 페이스트는 수화생성물을 나타내는 피크(peak)의 수와 강도(intensity)가 증가되고 플라이애시 입자주변에 CSH 겔이 형성되었다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2010

현재 육상 노출 콘크리트 구조물의 보수 및 보강공법에는 많은 신기술이 개발되었고 연구도 많이 진행되고 있으나, 수중에 존치되어 있는 구조물, 즉 교각, 부두 잔교 및 강관파일과 같이 해수 및 수중에 잠겨 있으며, 지속적인 하중을 받는 콘크리트 및 강재의 보수보강 기술에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 그러므로 이 연구에서는 해수나 수중에 있는 구조물의 보수 보강 공법에 사용할 수 있는 수중 에폭시를 개발하였고, 이 에폭시 재료와 보강섬유을 이용하여 수중용 FRP 복합재를 개발하였다. 개발된 재료의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 다양한 기초물성에 대한 시험을 수행하였다. 성능시험 결과, 개발된 에폭시는 수중에서도 풀림이 거의 없고 부유물질이 발생하지 않는다. 또한 수중이라는 제약 조건 속에서도 30,000 cps 이상의 높은 점성을 갖기 때문에 우수한 작업성을 보이며, 수중에서도 육상에서와 거의 유사한 2 MPa 이상의 부착성능을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다. 내화학성 시험 결과에서도 중량변화율은 약 0.5~1.0% 이내로 측정되어 우수한 내염 저항성을 확인하였다.