• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 2011

Cooperative beamforming has previously been proven to be an efficient way to improve the cooperative diversity. This method generally requires all relay nodes to participate in beamforming, which can be seen as "all participate" cooperative beamforming. However, not all relay nodes have constructive impacts on the end-to-end bit error rate (BER) performance. Based on this observation, we propose a new cooperative scheme which only selects those "appropriate" relay nodes to perform cooperative beamforming. Such relay nodes can be simply determined with mean channel gains. Therefore, the selection complexity is significantly reduced as global instantaneous channel state information is not required. This scheme guarantees that energy is only allocated to the "appropriate" relay nodes, and hence provides superior diversity. We also prove that power allocation among source and selected relay nodes is a convex problem, and can be resolved with lower computational complexity. Simulation results demonstrate that our scheme achieves an essential improvement in terms of BER performance for both optimal and limited feedback scenarios, as well as high energy-efficiency for the energy-constrained networks.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.68-76
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• 2020

This study presents a teaching model to increase the participation and interest, and to improve their understanding of physical concepts of first-year engineering students taking physics(2) course at a three-year college. In the class, a team task solution based on teamwork and a peer learning method through questions and answers between participants in each team were applied so that learners could actively participate in the class to discuss and present. We examined how the activities of each team affected students' interest in subjects, motivation to learn, and the degree of understanding of physical concepts. In the team activity, students were able to actively participate through emotional sharing between learners and free questions and explanations, and it was confirmed that academic achievement was improved by comparing the final exam evaluation results with the evaluation results of the previous three years.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2022

This research aims to increase understanding of family participation in special education programs, to gain a deeper understanding of the programs themselves, and to determine the consequences of the research findings. It addresses the opportunities for families to participate in their children's learning journey and focuses on enhancing the experience of families participating in the education of students with intellectual disabilities. This study interviews four teachers of students with intellectual disabilities, and three important themes emerge from their discussion of whether parents should participate in special education programs for their children. The findings of this study have several important implications for future practice.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.162-169
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to estimate the determinants of the smoking demands of university students. For this study, a total of four four-year universities and two-year colleges in Seoul and provincial areas were surveyed. The model for analyzing the demand for smoking was applied with a double hurdle model, and determinants to participate in smoking in the first stage and the amount of smoking in the second stage were analyzed. According to the analysis results, the determinants to participate in smoking as a first stage are gender, grade, college type, major category, and parents' income, which have a statistically significant effect, and the analysis of the amount of smoking as a second has been analyzed as the variables that influence gender, grade, college location, major, parents' income type and income amount.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.45-74
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• 2017

The current research proposes to fill a research gap by testing how reward uncertainty, different types of motivation, as well as individual risk-taking attitude affect consumers' promotion participation. Being offered with an uncertain reward, relative to individuals with extrinsic motivation, individuals with intrinsic motivation will have greater intention to participate in marketing promotion. In contrast, being offered with a certain reward, relative to individuals with intrinsic motivation, individuals with extrinsic motivation will have greater intention to participate in marketing promotion. This effect arises only among consumers having a low level of risk-taking attitude. For consumers having a high level of risk-taking attitude, their participation intention shows no significant difference between the two motivation type groups, under both certain and uncertain reward conditions. With an understanding of how consumer's response heterogeneously to promotions involving rewards, marketers can better understand not only how to use this promotional tactic more effectively, but also how to better allocate their budget for promotions.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.61-85
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• 2018

Open innovation is based on a different knowledge landscape, with a different logic about the sources and uses of technologies. It implies that firms increasingly rely on external sources of innovation by emphasizing these ideas and resources. Using datasets from the UK biotechnology industry, this paper explores firms' willingness to participate in open innovation. The results indicate that the switching cost is identified as the direct predictor of the willingness to participate in open innovation. While high commitment based on the trust with partner increases switching costs, IT infrastructure within the firm decreases switching costs to open innovation. Taken together, this research broadens the study on open innovation by applying the switching cost as a medium of knowledge transfer in the biotech industry.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.149-174
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• 2018

Southeast Asians participate in elections eagerly, a fact indexed by the high electoral participation rates across a range of political conditions in the region. What gives elections in Southeast Asia such high legitimacy? Using data from Indonesia and the Philippines, this article emphasizes the need to understand peoples' rationalities, which are informed by meanings generated by prevailing cultural practices. From this perspective, electoralism can be understood as a cultural phenomenon that conforms to the structure of a ritual. Despite the democratic deficit in many electoral exercises, elections share the attractiveness and fun of traditional community festivities. Voters participate in elections as a testament to membership in a community. Although they do not always transform the existing social arrangements, elections embed contradictory impulses in the same way that cockfights do. A procedure of formal democracy authored elsewhere, electoralism has been localized in Southeast Asia and invested with indigenous significance.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.123-130
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out how tennis participants' participation affects their optimism and aggression. A total of 249 (male: 163, female: 86) subjects were studied. The Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) developed by Scheier, Carver, and Bridges (1994) was used as an optimism test, and the Aggression Questionnaire developed by Buss and Perry (1992) was used as an aggressiveness test. As data analysis methods, one-sample t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and simple regression analysis were performed. As a result, first, those who participate in tennis were more optimistic than those who do not. Second, those who participate in tennis were less aggressive than those who do not. Third, optimism affects physical aggression, anger and hostility negatively

• 한국임상약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2004

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.103-114
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to test the motivation, attitude of voluntary service and self-esteem of college students. Therefore it can give the fundamental data of the institutionalization plan and to find the activative methods of voluntary system. This study is based on the questionaire, that was consisted of motivation, attitude of voluntary service and self-esteem. For this study, 223 college students were answered. The data was collected from 10th to 30th September 2002. The results of this study are as follows : 1. $\cdot$The mean score on the motivations scale of voluntary service was $3.221{\pm}0.42$. $\cdot$The mean score on the attitudes scale of voluntary service was $3.28{\pm}0.49$. $\cdot$The mean score on the self-esteem was $2.56{\pm}0.46$. 2. There were significant differences between voluntary service was self motivated(F= 11.12, p= 0.000), the students who will participate very active in voluntary service aftergraduation(F= 11.12, p= 0.000), and the motivations of voluntary service. 3. There were significant differences between the students who will participate very active in voluntary service after graduation (F= 8.23, p= 0.000) and the attitudes of voluntary service. 4. There were significant differences between voluntary service was self motivated (F=4.69, p= 0.004), the students who will participate very active in voluntary service after graduation(F=2.49, p=0.045), the parents who have the experience of voluntary service(F= 5.03, p= 0.026), the students who have the experience of voluntary service before college entrance. 5. There was positively significant correlation between the motivations of voluntary service and the attitudes (r= .693, P=0.01), the attitudes and self-esteem (r= .326, p=0.01), and the motivations of voluntary service and self-esteem (r= .305, p=0.01).