• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2013

Purpose: The goal of this study was to develop a methodology for the demand forecast of tractor, riding type rice transplanter and combine harvester using an ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) model, one of time series analysis methods, and to forecast their demands from 2012 to 2021 in South Korea. Methods: To forecast the demands of three kinds of machines, ARIMA models were constructed by following three stages; identification, estimation and diagnose. Time series used were supply and stock of each machine and the analysis tool was SAS 9.2 for Windows XP. Results: Six final models, supply based ones and stock based ones for each machine, were constructed from 32 tentative models identified by examining the ACF (autocorrelation function) plots and the PACF (partial autocorrelation function) plots. All demand series forecasted by the final models showed increasing trends and fluctuations with two-year period. Conclusions: Some forecast results of this study are not applicable immediately due to periodic fluctuation and large variation. However, it can be advanced by incorporating treatment of outliers or combining with another forecast methods.

• ALGAE
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.307-330
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• 2013

The genus Cryptomonas is easily recognized by having two flagella, green brownish color, and a swaying behavior. They have relatively simple morphology, and limited diagnostic characters, which present a major difficulty in differentiating between species of the genus. To understand species delineation and phylogenetic relationships among Cryptomonas species, the nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), partial large subunit (LSU) and small subunit ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and chloroplast-encoded psbA and LSU rDNA sequences were determined and used for phylogenetic analyses, using Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. In addition, nuclear-encoded ITS2 sequences were predicted to secondary structures, and were used to determine nine species and four unidentified species from 47 strains. Sequences of helix I, II, and IIIb in ITS2 secondary structure were very useful for the identification of Cryptomonas species. However, the helix IV was the most variable region across species in alignment. The phylogenetic tree showed that fourteen species were monophyletic. However, some strains of C. obovata had chloroplasts with pyrenoid while others were without pyrenoid, which used as a key character in few species. Therefore, classification systems depending solely on morphological characters are inadequate, and require the use of molecular data.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.457-460
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• 2020

The Pacific tapeworm Adenocephalus pacifcus (syn. Diphyllobothrium pacificum) is a causative agent of diphyllobothriosis occurred in Pacific coast of South America, mainly in Peru. Source of infections are traditional meal from raw or undercooked marine fish such as "cebiche". We confirmed 3 new cases, one including scolex and the other two headless. A strobila 46 cm long without scolex was discharged from an 8-year-old boy before treatment. Specimens were confirmed morphologically by presence of tegumental protuberances on proglottids and small sized eggs. Partial sequence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene was congruent with A. pacificus sequences.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

This work was performed to confirm the molecular discrimination through the nrITS1 sequences among 3 taxa of Scirpus L. sensu lato (s.l.) species. S. planiculmis represented only 2 base sequence variations with S. maritimus in spite that they showed different morphological features. The nucleotide sequences of the ITS1 region from S. planiculmis were shown to have 99.1% homology with S. maritimus and 60.4% homology with S. triqueter. Although the morphology of S. planiculmis is similar with S. triqueter, molecular basis of the size and sequences on ITS1 region were shown to have distinctive differences. For divergency investigation on same sites and metapopulation, sequencing was conducted on ITS1 region with partial 5.8S and 18S regions. All plants of each species collected at the same site had identical band size pattern and sequences. Intraspecific molecular divergency was not identified in spite that these species live in different wetland sites. The ITS1 sequences described here provided a powerful genetic tool for phylogenetic studies which was difficult by morphological identification as high rate of morphological plasticity.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.369-378
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to construct a saponin content-predicting model using shortwave infrared imaging spectroscopy. Methods: The experiment used a shortwave imaging spectrometer and ENVI spectral acquisition software sampling a spectrum of 910 nm-2500 nm. The corresponding preprocessing and mathematical modeling analysis was performed by Unscrambler 9.7 software to establish a ginsenoside nondestructive spectral testing prediction model. Results: The optimal preprocessing method was determined to be a standard normal variable transformation combined with the second-order differential method. The coefficient of determination, $R^2$, of the mathematical model established by the partial least squares method was found to be 0.9999, while the root mean squared error of prediction, RMSEP, was found to be 0.0043, and root mean squared error of calibration, RMSEC, was 0.0041. The residuals of the majority of the samples used for the prediction were between ${\pm}1$. Conclusion: The experiment showed that the predicted model featured a high correlation with real values and a good prediction result, such that this technique can be appropriately applied for the nondestructive testing of ginseng quality.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.439-444
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• 2019

Since Kudoa septempuntata was identified as a causative agent of food poisoning associated with raw olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, interest and concern regarding the parasite have increased. However, there have been no investigations or reports of other Kudoa species infecting the fish (except for K. paralichthys, which infects the brain) in Korea. We found cysts filled with myxospores of Kudoa species in muscles of cultured olive flounder specimens and identified these to the species level. Mature spores were quadrate, measuring $8.7{\pm}0.5{\mu}m$ in length, $9.2{\pm}0.4{\mu}m$ in thickness, and $12.9{\pm}0.6{\mu}m$ in width. The spores containing 4 polar capsules had a length of $2.1{\pm}0.2{\mu}m$ and a width of $1.8{\pm}0.3{\mu}m$. The partial 18S and 28S rDNA of isolates showed 99-100% similarities with K. ogawai. Using these morphological and molecular analyses, the species was identified as K. ogawai. This study is the first report of K. ogawai infection in cultured olive flounder in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2019

Sinuolinea capsularis Davis, 1917 is myxosporean that infect the urinary system of the host fish. Insufficient morphological and molecular data of S. capsularis exits, and it is therefore difficult to make an accurate identification of the parasite. We tried a series of morphological and molecular analysis to identify an myxosporean isolated from urinary bladder of cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, from Jeju island in the Republic of Korea. Some of them were observed under a light microscope and SEM, and remain samples were used molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Mature spores were subspherical, measuring $13.9{\pm}0.6{\mu}m$ in length and $13.8{\pm}0.8{\mu}m$ in width. Two spherical polar capsules on opposite sides in the middle of the spore had a diameter range of $4.3{\pm}0.4{\mu}m$. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that spores a severely twisted the suture line. By the morphological comparison and analysis, it was identified as S. capsularis. In addition, we obtained the partial 18S rDNA of S. capsularis and first registered it in NCBI. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. capsularis clustered with Zschokkella subclade infecting the urinary system of marine fish, and it supported the infection site tropism effect on phylogeny of marine myxosporeans as well as the origin of Sinuolinea is not monophyly.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.124-136
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• 2021

Bark canker, wood discoloration, and wilting of the duku tree (Lansium domesticum) along the watershed of Komering River, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia first appeared in 2013. The incidence of tree mortality was 100% within 3 years in badly infected orchards. A Ceratocystis species was consistently isolated from the diseased tissue and identified by morphological and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin regions. Pathogenicity tests were conducted and Koch's postulates were confirmed. The fungus was also pathogenic on Acacia mangium, but was less pathogenic on mango. Partial flooding was unfavourable for disease development. Two described isolates (WRC and WBC) had minor variation in morphology and DNA sequences, but the former exhibited a more pathogenic on both duku and acacia. The ITS phylogenies grouped the most pathogenic isolate (WRC) causing wilting of the duku tree within the aggressive and widely distributed ITS5 haplotype of C. fimbriata.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.240-252
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• 2022

Rather than just another "review," this is intended to be an "overview" of the entire subject of the medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap as has been presented in the reconstructive literature from its inception in 2001 until the present, with any exceptions not purposefully overlooked. Unfortunately, the pertinent anatomy of the MSAP flap is always anomalous like most other perforator flaps, and perhaps even more variable. No schematic exists to facilitate the identification of a dominant musculocutaneous perforator about which to design the flap, so some adjunctive technology may be highly valuable for this task. However, if a relatively thin free flap is desirable for a small or moderate sized defect that requires a long pedicle with larger caliber vessels, the MSAP flap deserves consideration. Indeed, for many, this has replaced the radial forearm flap such as for partial tongue reconstruction. Most consider the donor site deformity, even if only a conspicuous scar on the calf, to be a contraindication. Yet certainly if used as a local flap for the knee, popliteal fossa, or proximal leg, or as a free flap for the ipsilateral lower extremity where a significant recipient site deformity already exists, can anyone really object that this is not a legitimate indication? As with any perforator flap, advantages and disadvantages exist, which must be carefully perused before a decision to use the MSAP flap is made. Perhaps not a "workhorse" flap for general use throughout the body, the MSAP flap in general may often be a valuable alternative.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.489-497
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• 2022

The first specimen (54.8 mm standard length) of Ernogrammus zhirmunskii Markevich & Kharin, 2011, belonging to the family Stichaeidae, was recorded in Dokdo, East Sea, Korea on July 26, 2021. This species was characterized by a single ventral lateral-line canal from the posterior margin of the pelvic-fin base extending to the anus and one or two rigid spines on the posterior part of the anal fin. This species is similar to Ernogrammus hexagrammus and Ernogrammus walkeri but differs in the number of ventral lateral-line canal present, with E. zhirmunskii consisting of one (unpaired) ventral lateral-line canal compared to other two Ernogrammus species, which have a pair of parallel ventral lateral-line canal. For further analysis of species identification, a partial gene sequence from the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (554 bp) of E. zhirmunskii was obtained for the first time. This study documents the first record of E. zhirmunskii in Korean waters and proposes the new Korean name of 'Il-gob-julbe-do-la-chi' for the species.