• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.821-832
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• 1998

This study investigates the prediction of daily water supply, which is a necessary for the efficient management of water distribution system. Fuzzy neuron, namely artificial intelligence, is a neural network into which fuzzy information is inputted and then processed. In this study, daily water supply was predicted through an adaptive learning method by which a membership function and fuzzy rules were adapted for daily water supply prediction. This study was investigated methods for predicting water supply based on data about the amount of water supplied to the city of Kwangju. For variables choice, four analyses of input data were conducted: correlation analysis, autocorrelation analysis, partial autocorrelation analysis, and cross-correlation analysis. Input variables were (a) the amount of water supplied (b) the mean temperature, and (c)the population of the area supplied with water. Variables were combined in an integrated model. Data of the amount of daily water supply only was modelled and its validity was verified in the case that the meteorological office of weather forecast is not always reliable. Proposed models include accidental cases such as a suspension of water supply. The maximum error rate between the estimation of the model and the actual measurement was 18.35% and the average error was lower than 2.36%. The model is expected to be a real-time estimation of the operational control of water works and water/drain pipes.

• Clean Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.162-169
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• 2012

Pt-Sn/${\theta}-Al_2O_3$ catalyst for n-butane dehydrogenation reaction was prepared by incipient wetness method. To confirm the physicochemical properties of Pt-Sn/${\theta}-Al_2O_3$ catalyst, the characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), $N_2$ sorption analysis, temperature programmed desorption of $NH_3$ ($NH_3$-TPD), temperature programmed reduction of $H_2$ ($H_2$-TPR) techniques. Also, the catalytic activities of Pt-Sn/${\theta}-Al_2O_3$ for n-butane dehydrogenation was tested as a function of pretreatment temperature, pretreatment time, reaction temperature, and the partial pressure of n-butane and hydrogen. The sum of selectivities to n-butenes consisting of 1-butene, cis-2-butene, and trans-2-butene was almost constant 95% in the range of conversion of n-butane 5-55%. The activation energy calculated from Arrhenius equation was $82.4kJ\;mol^{-1}$ and the reaction orders of n-butane and hydrogen from Power's law were 0.70 and -0.20, respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.84-91
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• 2009

This paper presents an online partial 3D modeling methodology that uses a mobile augmented reality system and aerial photographs, and a tracking methodology that compares the 3D model with a video image. Instead of relying on models which are created in advance, the system generates a 3D model for a real building on the fly by combining frontal and aerial views. A user's initial pose is estimated using an aerial photograph, which is retrieved from a database according to the user's GPS coordinates, and an inertial sensor which measures pitch. We detect edges of the rooftop based on Graph cut, and find edges and a corner of the bottom by minimizing the proposed cost function. To track the user's position and orientation in real-time, feature-based tracking is carried out based on salient points on the edges and the sides of a building the user is keeping in view. We implemented camera pose estimators using both a least squares estimator and an unscented Kalman filter (UKF). We evaluated the speed and accuracy of both approaches, and we demonstrated the usefulness of our computations as important building blocks for an Anywhere Augmentation scenario.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.318-323
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• 2012

Implant prostheses were classified into screw-retained prosthesis and cement-retained prosthesis by their method of retaining, and there is screw and cement retained implant prosthesis (SCRP) which has been made reflecting the strengths of these two. The advantages of the SCRP technique are easy retrievability and passive fit of implant prostheses. However, the occlusal screw holes of implant prostheses can be thought as a disadvantage with respect to esthetics and occlusion. Inappropriately positioned implants also limited the use of the SCRP technique. The present study is reporting about the case where nine implants (US II, OSSTEM, Seoul, Korea) were placed in maxilla and eight in mandible respectively in fully edentulous patients. Then, the cement-retained prosthesis was applied for the part in which the screw hole positioned improperly, and screw-retained prosthesis for properly positioned implants so that the combined screw-cement prosthesis has been produced where the satisfying result has shown in both function and esthetics. Three-year follow-up has been done for the patient.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.125-144
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• 2006

The development of mobile applications is fast in recent years. However, nearly all applications are for messaging, financial, locating services based on simple interactions with mobile users because of the limited screen size, narrow network bandwidth, and low computing power. Processing an algorithm for supporting a group decision process on mobile devices becomes impossible. In this paper, we introduce the mobile-oriented simple interactive procedure for support a group decision making process. The interactive procedure is developed for multiple objective linear programming problems to help the group select a compromising solution in the mobile Internet environment. Our procedure lessens the burden of group decision makers, which is one of necessary conditions of the mobile environment. Only the partial weak order preferences of variables and objectives from group decision makers are enough for searching the best compromising solution. The methodology is designed to avoid any assumption about the shape or existence of the decision makers' utility function. For the purpose of the experimental study of the procedure, we developed a group decision support system in the mobile Internet environment, MOBIGSS and applied to an allocation problem of investor assets.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.459-465
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• 1995

Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) was partially purified from the yeast and its basic biochemical studies were carried out. Yeast was grown in the minimum media containing 0.5% glucose, 51 mM $K_2HPO_4$, 22 mM $KH_2PO_4$, 8 mM $(NH_4)2SO_4,\;0.4\;m M\;MgSO_4$ for 18 hours at 37 $^{\circ}C$. The cell was ruptured in the buffer (20 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.0, 0.1 mM TPP, 0.5 mM DTT, 1 ${\mu}M$ FAD, and 1 mM MgCl_2$) following an overnight suspension. The supernatant fraction was collected from $10,000{\times}g$ and the enzyme was further purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography and leucine-agarose chromatography. The enzyme activity was measured under the various conditions by the function of protein concentration, time, temperature, pH, and substrate. The optimum temperature was found to be 50$^{\circ}C$, optimum pH 8.0∼8.5. The kinetic parameters, $K_m\;and\;V_{max}$ were 8.4 mM and 17.9 nmol/mg/min respectively. Stability of the enzyme was studied with ethylene glycol and glycerol added to the enzyme solution. Both ethylene glycol and glycerol improved the enzyme stability up to 50%. The study of feedback inhibition showed that valine was a strong inhibitor while leucine was a weak inhibitor.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2003

As a means of overcoming the linguistic barrier between different languages in the Internet, a new sign-language communication system with CG animation techniques has been developed and proposed. In the system, the joint angles of the arms and the hands corresponding to the gesture as a non-verbal communication tool have been considered. The emotional expression, however, could as play also an important role in communicating each other. Especially, a comic expression is more efficient than real facial expression, and the movements of the cheeks and the jaws are more important AU's than those of the eyebrow, eye, mouth etc. Therefore, in this paper, we designed a 3D emotion editor using 2D model, and we extract AU's (called as PAU, here) which play a principal function in expressing emotions. We also proposed a method of generating the universal emotional expression with Avatar models which have different vertex structures. Here, we employed a method of dynamically adjusting the AU movements according to emotional intensities. The proposed system is implemented with Visual C＋＋ and Open Inventor on windows platforms. Experimental results show a possibility that the system could be used as a non-verbal communication means to overcome the linguistic barrier.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.417-423
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between prosthetic status and health related quality of elderly by using EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) which is a standardized instrument used as a measure of health outcome. Data from 1,179 elderly subjects (over 65 years old) from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used in our analysis. Oral examination were conducted to obtain wearing prosthetic and needed prosthetic. EQ-5D is a widely used health condition measuring instrument. It consists of the five dimensions: Mobility, Self-care, Usual activities, Pain/discomfort and Anxiety/depression. EQ-5D index is a score calculated out of a weighting system. In this study, the mean score of the EQ-5D index among the elderly was 0.86. For EQ-5D index gender, female showed statistically significantly lower quality of life than male. The related factors EQ-5D index, when the lower demand for fixed prosthodontics and full denture. Wearers in partial and complete denture than non-wearers showed higher EQ-5D index. In order to improve EQ-5D index among the elderly who demand prosthetic status, which has lost its function through providing proper dental prostheses.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2016

Excessive occlusal wear can result in unacceptable damage to the residual teeth structure, anterior guidance and masticatory function. An 86-year-old man presented with worn dentition and anterior deep bite due to loss of the posterior support. Two implants covered by Korean national health insurance, fixed partial denture and direct composite resin were used to restore the dentition, instead of removable prosthesis. The occlusal vertical dimension was increased by 2 mm in the premolar area and shortened dental arch concept was applied. This treatment was a less expensive alternative to full-mouth rehabilitation with positive esthetic and functional outcomes after 7 months of follow-up.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2000

Provisional fixed partial dentures(FPDs) are an important part of many prosthodontic treatment procedures. These provisional fixed prostheses must fulfill biologic, mechanical, and esthetic requirements to be considered successful. Consideration of all these factors and requirements are important because provisional resin restorations may be worn over a long period to assess the results of periodontal and endodontics therapies, and also during the restorative phase of implant reconstructive procedures. This in vitro study examined flexual strength of four resins commonly used for fixed provisional prostheses. The effects of polymerization conditions were also evaluated. The four resins tested were : Caulk Temporary bridge resin(L.D. Caulk Co. Dentsply International Millford), Jet(Lang Dental Mfg. Co. Chicago. ILL. U.S.A), Alike (Coe Laboratories. Inc. Chicago. ILL. U.S.A) and Tokuso Curefast (Coe Laboratories. Inc. Chicago. ILL. U.S.A) The test specimens were 65mm long, 14mm wide, and 3.5mm thickness. 10 specimens of four resins were cured for 15 minutes at atmospheric pressure and 10 specimens of four resins were cured at an additional pressure of approximately 20 psi. A total of 80 specimens were prepared. The flexual strength was determined by three-point bending test. Data were analysed with the Paired samples T-test and Tukey student-range test Within the limitations imposed in this study, the following conclusions can be drawn : 1. Under the condition of bench curing, Caulk Temporary bridge resin showed the highest flexual strength. In decreasing order, the flexual strength of the other materials was as follows : Jet, Tokuso Curefast, Alike, and Caulk Temporary bridge resin demonstrated significantly higher strength than other resins. 2. Under the condition of pressure curing, Jet showed the highest flexual strength. In decreasing order, the flexual strength of the other materials was as follows : Caulk Temporary bridge resin, Tokuso Curefast, and Alike. There were all statistically significant differences among four resins 3. There was a statistically significant difference between bench- and pressure-cured specimens in all four materials.