• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2007

Objective : To report cases of patients with Parkinson's syndrome. Design : Case-series Patients and methods : 35 of patients with Parkinson's syndrome who visited Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases of Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center were treated by acupuncture and herbal medicine from May until December 2007. 35 patients were participated in this study. 21 patients were dropped out during the trial, and we evaluated symptom progress of 14 patients by using several questionnaires such as Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS), modified Hoehn & Yahr stage (H&Y stage) and Schwab & England ADL scale(S&E ADL scale). Results : The whole group consists of 14 male patients and 21 female patients. Mean±SD age range is 64.5±8.4. There were no significant differences of the demographic and clinical characteristics between the case group and drop-out group. The mean±SD medical treatment period of the Case group were 8.4±6.3weeks, the mean±SD of the total score in first medical treatment UPDRS section 1~3 were 29.6±11.0, the mean±SD of the final score were 27.1±12.6, all of which showed significant improvement(p=0.007). There were no significant changes on the H&Y stage and S&E ADL scale. Conclusion : Patients with Parkinson's syndrome who visited Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic diseases of Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center had a tendency of showing improvement in clinical symptoms.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

■ Objectives The purpose of this clinical study is to evaluate the effect of Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM) on a patient with tremor. ■ Methods A patient with tremor of one side hand diagnosed with Parkinson's disease was treated with herbal medication, acupuncture, electro-acupuncture(EA), and herbal medical injection. Then we evaluated the improvement by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS), Parkinson's disease Quality of Life(PDQL) and Visual Analog Scale(VAS). ■ Results Decrease of UPDRS, VAS score and improvement of PDQL score were observed after the TKM treatment. ■ Conclusion This study proved the effect of TKM treatment on tremor due to Parkinson's disease.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.283-295
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• 2009

Objectives : Parkinson's disease is a chronic neuron-degenerative disease. The medication of dopamine, one of the most common treatment for the disease, has effects of improving the symptom, but when taken for a long term, the medicine brings about side-effects such as the phenomenon of medicinal efficacy disappearance and dyskinesia. In addition, it doesn't have any effects in slowing down or stopping the development of Parkinson's disease. Methods : Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the clinical cases to stop or improve the development of Parkinson's disease by carrying out an independent treatment with Oriental medicine and a combined treatment with Western and Oriental medicines respectively for over 6 months. Results and Conclusions : The results of the study is expected to be an important precedent for the treatment of neuron-degenerative diseases of cranial nerve including Parkinson's disease in the future.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 2024

Red ginseng (RG) is widely used as a herbal medicine. As the human lifespan has increased, numerous diseases have developed, and RG has also been used to treat various diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are major problems that modern people face through their lives. Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are featured by progressive nerve system damage. Recently, neuroinflammation has emerged as a degenerative factor and is an immune response in which cytokines with nerve cells that constitute the nervous system. RG, a natural herbal medicine with fewer side effects than chemically synthesized drugs, is currently in the spotlight. Therefore, we reviewed studies reporting the roles of RG in treating neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases and found that RG might help alleviate neurodegenerative diseases by regulating neuroinflammation.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.243-248
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• 2015

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD). As such, functions and dysfunctions of LRRK2 in PD have been the subject of extensive investigation. In addition to PD, increasing evidence is suggesting that LRRK2 is associated with a wide range of diseases. Genome-wide association studies have implicated LRRK2 in Crohn's disease (CD) and leprosy, and the carriers with pathogenic mutations of LRRK2 show increased risk to develop particular types of cancer. LRRK2 mutations are rarely found in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but LRRK2 might play a part in tauopathies. The association of LRRK2 with the pathogenesis of apparently unrelated diseases remains enigmatic, but it might be related to the yet unknown diverse functions of LRRK2. Here, we reviewed current knowledge on the link between LRRK2 and several diseases, including PD, AD, CD, leprosy, and cancer, and discussed the possibility of targeting LRRK2 in such diseases. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(5): 243-248]

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.603-620
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• 2023

Objectives: This study reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of herbal medicine on sleep disorders associated with Parkinson's disease and suggests a better research process. Methods: We searched for RCTs for herbal medicine treatments for sleep disorders related to Parkinson's disease on July 31, 2023 using eight databases (PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], the Research Information Service System [RISS], Science ON, the Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System [OASIS], and the Korea Citation Index [KCI]). Cochrane's risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the RCTs. Results: A total of 16 RCTs met all the inclusion criteria, and in most reports, the treatment group showed a significant improvement in sleep disorders compared to the control group. Total effective rate (TER), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), TCM Symptom Score (TSS), Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS), etc., were used as evaluation indicators. Conclusion: Herbal medicine is a potential treatment for sleep disorders associated with Parkinson's disease. However, the selected RCTs were of poor quality, and it is necessary to perform more systematic studies.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2012

Parkinson's disease is representative degenerative diseases of the nervous system, which is from deficiency of dopamine neurons to pass in which the gradual degeneration of the body. In this paper, open UCI repository data of Parkinson's patients is used for experiments. The classification based on correlation analysis is examined. In addition, the relationship between groups is differentiated by cluster analysis based on patients with Parkinson's disease by apriori algorithm and correlation analysis. It is used to find the properties that distinguish cluster analysis. Though the disease is the same in the basic structure, each group is compared as each gender group with the most distinctive part of the characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4411-4417
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• 2011

Degenerative brain diseases including Alzheimer's diseases, Parkinson's diseases increase in frequency with age. They are amongst the most costly and devastating diseases to patients and their families. Therefore developing therapies for degenerative brain diseases is of the highest priority. Recently therapeutics for these diseases have undergone scrutiny by many clinical trials according to the advances of cellular and molecular neurobiology. This review is focused on studies investigating the current therapeutic strategies already undergone different stage of clinical trials and recent R&D trend by nations through patent analysis on treatments for degegerative brain diseases.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the voice handicaps of the idiopathic Parkinson's Diseases (PD) and their voice-related quality of life. Methods : Voice handicap index-10 (VHI-10) and Voice related Quality of Life were completed by 17 idiopathic PD patients, and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part I, II, III were assessed. The relations between VHI-10, VRQOL and UPDRS scores were analysed. Results : VHI-10 score of PD patients was $14.35{\pm}8.07$ and VRQOL total score of PD patients was $59.12{\pm}20.25$, social-emotional $59.93{\pm}20.50$, physical function $58.58{\pm}21.77$. There were significant relations between VHI-10, VRQOL score and UPDRS II (activities of daily living). Conclusions : These results suggest that voice impairments affect the daily living of PD patients and their quality of lives.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2004

Authors investigated whether there is a lateral effect of $^1$H MRS observable metabolite ratios between the symptomatic and the nonsymptomatic side in the early stage of Parkinson's disease with unilateral symptom. Localized in vivo $^1$H MR spectroscopy (MRS) was used to measure the metabolite levels in the symptomatic and the nonsymptomatic sides of the lentiform nucleus in Parkinson"s disease with unilateral symptom (N=25). The metabolite ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr in the symptomatic side were compared with those in the nonsymptomatic side. Significant metabolic lateral effect of NAA/(Cho+Cr) ratio was established between the symptomatic and the nonsymptomatic side of lentiform nucleus in Parkinson's disease with unilateral symptom (p<0.05). The ratio of NAA/(Cho+Cr) homolateral to the sympatomatic side of the patient is also lower than that of the control (P<0.05). On the basis of NAA/Cr ratios of lentiform nucleus between the symptomatic and the nonsymptomatic side, the present $^1$H MRS study shows a significant neuronal laterality in Parkinson's disease with unilateral symptom. In vivo $^1$H MRS may provide a diagnostic marker for neuronal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease with unilateral symptom.